As the most populous countries in the world, with a population of over 1.363 billion people (estimated in 2014), which constitute the majority of the Chinese nation. To reduce the number of inhabitants, the government vigorously promoting one-child policy. Mainland China is a term used to refer to a region under Chinese rule and excluding special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, while the name of the Republic of China refers to another entity that had once ruled China since 1912 until its defeat in the Chinese Civil War. Currently the Republic of China only controls the island of Taiwan, and its capital in Taipei, therefore commonly called Chinese Taipei, especially in sporting events. China claims the area belongs to the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan), but does not command it, while the Republic of China claims sovereignty over the entire Chinese mainland which is currently controlled by the PRC. (see also: Political status of Taiwan).
China has the largest economies and the most complex in the world for more than two thousand years, along with several heyday and downfall. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China became the country with the fastest growing economy in the world. As of 2013, the country became the second largest economy in the world based on total nominal GDP and PPP, as well as being an exporter and importer in the world. China is a country that has nuclear weapons and has the world's largest active army, the world's second largest military expenditure. China became a member of the United Nations in 1971, where he replaced the Republic of China as a permanent member of the UN Security Council. China is also a member of a wide range of other organizations such as the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, BCIM and G-20. China is a great power in Asia, and become a potential superpower, according to some observers.
History.
After World War II, Chinese Civil War between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang Nationalist Party ended in 1949 with the Communist party control of mainland China and the Kuomintang withdrew to the island of Taiwan and several offshore islands in Fujian. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China and established a communist state, but does not try to dominate the island of Taiwan.The supporters of the Maoist policy says that under Mao, China's unity and sovereignty can be ascertained for the first time in recent decades, and there is a development of the infrastructure, industry, health, and education, which they believe has helped improve the living standards of the people. They also believe that campaigns such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were essential in accelerating the development of China and clarify their culture. Supporters may also doubt statistics or accounts given for death tolls or other damage caused by Mao's campaigns. They say that hunger is due to natural disasters; there is also a doubt the number of deaths from starvation, or say that more people die from starvation or other political reasons during the rule of Chiang Kai-shek (1928-1949).
Even so, critics of Mao's policies say that Mao's administration imposed strict controls over everyday life of the people, and believe that campaigns such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution contributed to or resulted in the loss of millions of lives, bringing economic costs are huge, and damaging legacy Chinese culture. Leap Forward, in particular, the period preceding the great famine in China which, according to Western sources and East trustworthy, result in the death of 45 million people within 4 years.
After the dramatic economic failures in the early 1960s, Mao resigned as chairman of China. National People's Congress Liu Shaoqi as Mao's successor. Mao remains a party leader but was removed from day-to-day economic tasks controlled by softer by Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and others who initiated economic reforms.
In 1966 Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, which views its opponents as retaliation against his rivals by mobilizing the youth to support his thinking and get rid of the moderate leadership at the time, but viewed by his supporters as an experiment in direct democracy and a genuine attempt to eliminate corruption and other bad influences of the Chinese people. Chaos was raised but this was soon reduced under the leadership of Zhou Enlai in which the moderate forces regain influence. After Mao's death, Deng Xiaoping succeeded in gaining power and Mao's widow, Jiang Qing and her associates, Gang of Four, who have taken over state power, arrested and brought to justice.
Since then, the government has gradually (and have many) loosened governmental control over the daily life of its people, and began transitioning China's economy towards a market-based system.
Proponents of financial reform - usually people of the middle class and Western observers left-center and right - shows the rapid development of the economy in the consumer sector and exports, the creation of the middle class (especially in the coastal town where most of the industrial development is concentrated) are now representing 15% of the population, higher living standards (shown by the rapid increase in per capita GDP, consumer spending, life expectancy, literacy rate, and the amount of rice production) and the rights and personal freedoms wider for ordinary people.
Critics of the economic reforms show evidence that the reform process has created a wealth gap, environmental pollution, corruption rampant, unemployment increased as a result of layoffs in inefficient state companies, and has introduced unwelcome cultural influences. Consequently they believe that the Chinese culture has been corrupted, her poor and detached, and social stability is threatened.
Although there are concessions to capitalism, the Chinese Communist Party remains in power and has maintained policies that curb to clusters that are considered dangerous, such as Falun Gong and separatist movements in Tibet. Supporters of this policy states that this policy of maintaining stability in a society divided by class differences and rivalries, which does not have a history of public participation, and limited law. Critics say that these policies violate human rights known to the international community, and they also claim that resulted in the creation of a police state, which give rise to fear.
China adopted the constitution on December 4, 1982 were used up to now.
Politics.
According to the official definition, China is a communist country because he was a communist country in the 20th century ago. Officially he was still known as a communist country, although some political scientists define it is now no longer a communist state. There is no precise definition that can be given to the type of governance practiced this country, because the structure is not known for sure. One reason for these problems exist is because of its history, the State China is a country ruled by emperors during the 2,000 years with a strong central government with the influence of Confucianism. After the era of the monarchy ended in 1911, China was governed by the autocratic Kuomintang Nationalist Party and some warlords. Then after 1949 continued rule by the Communist Party of China.PRC government is often described as authoritarian, communist and socialist. He is also seen as the communist empire. Communist members who winged over to the left dubbed capitalist state. Indeed, the Chinese state more and more towards the free economic system. In an official document issued recently, the government outlined a democratic state administration, although the real situation there is not so.
PRC Government escorted by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and state leaders elected by the Party through Congress. Although there is a little-a lot of movement in the direction of liberalization, as elections are now held at the village level and most representative body, the party continues to have watched, especially on the selection of administrative positions. Although countries using authoritarian methods to deal with challenges to his rule, at the same time the government attempts to reduce dissent by improving the economy, allowing expression of personal feelings, and serve the opponents that are not considered harmful to the government more fairly.
Filtering against the propaganda-political propaganda also routine, and China firmly eliminate protest or any organization that considers a threat to his government, as happened in Tiananmen demonstrations in 1989. However, the People's Republic of media is increasingly active in publicizing social problems and symptoms 'bribery' in the lower levels of government. RRT also so successfully blocking the movement of information, and there was a time they were forced to change their police as an act of revenge against the popular protests. Although opposition to the CCP structure is not justified at all, a demonstration of the people more and more often and left.
The popularity of the party among the masses is difficult to quantify, because there is no election at the national level, and when Chinese people were asked by itself anyway, there are some supportive and some are defiant, but most declined to comment on political issues. In general, many of those who would rather perpetuate the role of government stability, allowing the economy to grow without problems. Among the main political issue in China is the social gap between rich and poor and the symptoms of bribes accepted as government bureaucracy.
There are also other political parties in China, although they are only a sub-party or parties that the meeting with the CCP. PKT hold a dialogue with them through a specialized communication agency, called the People's Transportation Council reserves deemed PRC. This method is preferred over election administration. However, this party is the total does not suggest anything to the police and the foundations of empire. Special liaison body functions for CPP shallow eyes, although there are employees of these agencies at all levels of government.
Foreign relations.
People's Republic of China maintains diplomatic ties with almost all countries in the world, but to set the conditions that countries that want to establish diplomatic cooperation with China must approve claims against Taiwan and severing official ties with the government of the Republic of China. China has also actively opposed the trips abroad carried Taiwan independence supporters like Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian and Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.In 1971, China replaced the Republic of China as the only representative for "China" in the United Nations and as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. China has also become a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, and is still acting as an observer member. Many of today's foreign policy is based on the concept of China's peaceful rise.
Sino-American relations have been damaged and repaired several times in recent decades. In May 1999, a war plane B-2 Stealth Bomber dropped three bombs per each weighing 900 kg at the Chinese embassy in downtown Belgrade during the Kosovo upheaval. The bomb killed three Chinese citizens who work in the embassy concerned. United States reluctant to take responsibility for what happened that its nature as a 'disaster', saying that it was a mistake to use the old maps that give false declaration concerning the status of the Yugoslav government buildings as a basic weapon. PRC Government is not satisfied with this explanation and charged that it was intentionally done. In April 2001 also, the American-owned aircraft voyeur named EP-3E Aries II was on the island of Hainan in China met with a Chinese jet attention to his movements. China-related aircraft crashes and his guide were killed when the ship was forced to hold a US peeper emergency landing on Hainan Island. American and Chinese stories about these events differ slightly abortion. The American version states that the plane is above the international seas while he was at RRT indicted over its exclusive economic zone. Both sides blame the other party is responsible for this incident. 24 American sailors were detained for 12 days before being released and these events have an impact on diplomatic relations between the two countries. Americans are also not the slightest apology for the mistake he did when the Chinese government took the decision on the basis of compassion to release the children of his ship. One more case related to the Cox report, which accuses the PRC has been peeping compromise nuclear secrets United States for decades.
Sino-Japanese relations are often shackled to the problem of Japan's reluctance to acknowledge the sins of war and apologized for atrocities on the people of China and other Asian countries during World War II, especially in the Nanjing Massacre. Most of the body instead of the West and Western governments critical of China because it is said to deny the human rights and foreign relations with Western governments in the affected by the incidence of Tian'anmen in 1989. Human rights are often leveraged by these governments.
In addition, China is involved in several other areas of contention:
Taiwan, controlled by the Republic of China, People's Republic of China claimed.
Aksai Chin, controlled by China, claimed by India
Paracel Islands, controlled by China, claimed by Vietnam and the Republic of China
Spratly islands, disputed between China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Brunei Darussalam
Islands Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands, controlled by Japan, claimed by China and the Republic of China
Arunachal Pradesh / South Tibet, controlled by India, claimed by China
In 2004, the Russian state agreed to hand over Yinlong Islands and part of Heixiazi Islands to China, and once completed the border dispute between the two countries. The second island is located between the junction of rivers Amur and Ussuri rivers, and before it was arranged by Russia and claimed by China. This case should tighten and strengthen the friendship between the two countries, but there is a little taste is not satisfied from both sides. Russians qualifies it as a weakness of his government granting maintain land confiscated during World War II. Cossack farmers in Khabarovsk also do not like to lose their cultivated land while the news of this agreement in mainland China is filtered by the Chinese government. Most communities of China in the Republic of China and the Chinese people can overcome this filter criticize this agreement and menyifatinya recognition Russian government over Outer Mongolia submitted by the Qing Dynasty when losing the war under Agreements Same score including the Treaty Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking In 1860 the previous period as a substitute for the exclusive use of Russian crude oil. This agreement was approved by the National People's Congress of China and the Russian State Duma but not implemented until now. became popular for a number of extreme nationalists to demand Mongolia, Tuva, Outer Manchuria, Rukyu Islands, Bhutan, Hukawng Valley in the northern Myanmar and the northeastern region of Lake Balkhash in Central Asia.
Military.
China has the army of the world's largest so-called Liberation Army of the People (PLA), although not budget the largest military (held by the United States), although there is a common belief both within the PLA and outside observers that the number is not the size of the military force that is good. That fact makes make the most of the human rights organization anger the West and sanctions by the words of Chinese who want the security, though approved within and outside the Republic that the ability of soldiers RRT carry out an operation the army outside the territory of the colony is limited and the number of members is not so useful for determining troop strength.Estimating the Chinese military budget will produce a variety of different numbers based on what is considered the military, how to interpret the limited information available, and how does one deal with factors exchange rate. Estimates that there are give a value of US $ 9 billion as the lowest and US $ 60 billion as the highest (in terms of purchasing power parity) in 2003; the amount of US $ 60 billion in the making of China as the country's second largest after the United States who have funds budget of US $ 400 billion (almost 7 times as much). The republican military spending in 2005 was US $ 30 billion, but this does not include the money used for the purchase of weapons outside, study and construction of military, or paramilitary (Police RRT), and critics dubbed him as an experiment that deliberately done to deceive the world. Recently, a RAND study on the pages of this site estimates that military shopping actual republic is 1.4 to 1.7 times greater than official spending. However, the American army is also trying to cheat by deliberately issuing shopping spending in Afghanistan and Iraq rather than spending the Office of Defense official.
China, despite having nuclear weapons and delivery systems are developed, widely viewed only have a limited ability to deploy its military forces out of China and is not regarded as a superpower though often regarded as a major regional power. This is because most of the equipment of weapons used by the People's Republic of China is ancient and standards need to be modernized in terms of the United States. But he is still seen as the power level of a regional superpower. Air force warplanes still require aircraft carrier and most of the war was outdated.
Budgeting address that shopping, amounting to US $ 56 billion is the third largest after the United States (more than US $ 400 billion for fiscal year 2005-2006) and Russia. See also: The military budget of China.
Subdivisions.
People's Republic of China has administrative control over 22 provinces (省); Chinese government considers Taiwan (台湾) as a province to 23. (See Political status of Taiwan for further details.) The government also claims the South China Sea islands which are still contested. Aside from these provinces, there are also 5 autonomous regions (自治区) which contains many ethnic minorities; 4 municipalities (直辖市) for the largest cities of China and the two special administrative regions (SAR) (特别 行政区) ruled China.Some list of administrative divisions under Chinese control are :
Provincial :
Anhui (安徽)Fujian (福建)
Gansu (甘肃)
Guangdong (广东)
Guizhou (贵州)
Hainan (海南)
Hebei (河北)
Heilongjiang (黑龙江)
Henan (河南)
Hubei (湖北)
Hunan (湖南)
Jiangsu (江苏)
Jiangxi (江西)
Jilin (吉林)
Liaoning (辽宁)
Qinghai (青海)
Shaanxi (陕西)
Shandong (山东)
Shanxi (山西)
Sichuan (四川)
Yunnan (云南)
Zhejiang (浙江)
Taiwan (台湾) (disputed)
Municipalities :
Beijing (北京)Chongqing (重庆)
Shanghai (上海)
Tianjin (天津)
Regional autonomy :
Guangxi (广西)Inner Mongolia (内蒙古)
Ningxia (宁夏)
Xinjiang (新疆)
Tibet (西藏)
Special administrative region [edit | edit source]
Template: Coatofarmscountry Hong Kong (香港)
Template: Coatofarmscountry Macau (澳门)
Geography.
PRC controls much of eastern Asia (in peach / light beige) while the Republic of China consists of several yellow-shaded islands including Taiwan.China is the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and the United States, and its territory covers a vast land in the former Yellow River Valley Civilization. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, are found extensive and densely populated alluvial plains; coast of South China Sea is more mountainous and southern China is dominated by hill country and lower mountain ranges. In the middle east discovered delta two major rivers of China, Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Long River). Other major rivers are Xi Jiang, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur.
To the west, major mountain ranges, notably the Himalayas with China's highest point Mount Everest, and features a high plateau between the mainland drier landscapes of desert such as Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert. For a long drought and low agricultural perhaps create dust storms have become usual in the spring in China. According to the Environmental Protection Agency of China, the Gobi Desert has been developed and is a major source of dust storms affecting China and other parts of Northeast Asia such as Korea and Japan. Sand from the northern region has been reported to the US west coast. Maintenance of river water (such as the disposal of feces, pollution by refineries and extraction of water for irrigation and drinks) and the depreciation of hillside land has resulted in adverse impacts on other countries.
Economy.
As of 2013, China is the country with the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP with the amount of US $ 9,469 billion according to the International Monetary Fund. If calculated according to purchasing power parity (PPP), the Chinese economy also came in second place, with a value of US $ 16.149 trillion. In 2013, GDP PPP per capita is US $ 11,868, while the GDP per capita of US $ 6,959. In this case, putting China on the order of 90 of the 183 countries in the ranking of GDP per capita.People's Republic of China characterizes the economy as socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since late 1978, the Chinese leadership has been reforming the economy from the Soviet planned economy to a market-oriented economy but still within a rigid political framework of Communist Party. For the officials to increase the power of local officials and put managers in the industry, allowing small-scale enterprises in services and light production, and opened the economy to foreign trade and investment. In the direction of the government accountability system to replace the family in agriculture in replacement of the old system that is based on the merger, adding the power of local officials and administrators in the refinery industry, and enables a wide range of employers in service and light refinery, and opening the economy to trade and foreign ports. Price controls have also been loosened. These changes resulted in mainland China from the economic command to a mixed economy.
Chinese government does not like emphasize equality when it begins to build its economy, instead, the government emphasized the increase in personal income and consumption and introducing new management systems to increase productivity. The government has also focused on foreign trade as a major vehicle for economic growth, for they set up over 2000 Special Economic Zones (Special Economic Zones, SEZ) where investment laws are relaxed to attract foreign capital. The result is a quadrupling of GDP since 1978. In 1999 the total population of 1.25 billion people and a GDP of just $ 3,800 per capita, China became the sixth largest economy in the world in terms of exchange rates and the third largest in the world after the European Union and the United States in power buy. The annual income of the average Chinese worker is $ 1,300. China's economic development is believed to be one of the fastest in the world, around 7-8% per year according to Chinese government statistics. This makes the Chinese as the main focus of the world today with almost all countries, including the Western countries that criticize China, eager to establish trade relations with him. China since January 1, 2002 has been a member of the World Trade Organization.
Mainland China is famous as the place of production at low cost to run a refinery activity, and the absence of trade unions is very attractive for the management-board foreign companies, mainly because of cheap labor. Chinese factory workers are usually paid 50 cents - to $ 1 per hour (average $ 0.86), compared with $ 2 to $ 2.5 in Mexico and $ 8.50 to $ 20 in the US. Chinese workers are often forced to work hard in the employer harmless and easily suppressed because no laws and unions that can protect their rights.
At the end of 2001, the average electricity tariff in Guangdong Province is 0.72 yuan (9 US cents) per kilowatt hour, higher than the average level in mainland China 0.368 yuan (4 US cents). China officially abolished "direct budgetary outlays" for export on January 1, 1991. However, it is believed many Chinese export manufacturers receive a lot of other subsidies. Other forms of export subsidies including energy, materials or labor supply. Export of some agricultural products, such as corn and cotton, are still enjoying direct export subsidies. However, China has reduced the amount of corn export subsidies in 1999 and 2000.
Lower raw material costs which is another aspect of the Chinese economy. This is due to the competition in the vicinity which cause excessive results that helped bring down the cost of purchasing raw materials. There is also a price control and guarantee the sources of living of the old economy based on the Soviet system. Currently continues to privatize state owned enterprises and in shifting to a more profitable sector, the deflationary effect of this will continue to add upward pressure on prices in the economy.
Tax incentives "preferential" is another example of export subsidies. China tried to harmonize the system of taxes and duties it imposes on domestic and foreign companies. As a result, the tax "preferential" and duty policies that benefit exporters in special economic zones and coastal cities have been targeted for revision.
Chinese exports to the United States were $ 125 billion in 2002; American exports to China were $ 19 billion. This difference is largely attributable to the fact that Americans consume more than they produce and low-paid Chinese people can not afford to buy expensive American products. Americans alone buy more than he made and even the Chinese people want to buy American-made goodies, they can not do so because the price of American goods is too high. Another factor is the unfavorable currency exchange between the Chinese yuan and the US dollar are "locked" because China bind them to the levels of 8 renminbi fixed at 1 dollar. On July 21, 2005, the People's Bank of China announced to allow the renminbi is determined by the market, and allow a rise of 0.3% a day. , Chinese exports to the United States increased by 20% per year, faster than US exports to China. With the elimination of textile quotas, the Chinese certainly will control most of the world market clothes.
Despite its large population, it still only gives an average GNP per person is only about $ 5,000, about 1/7 the United States. Reports the official economic growth for 2003 is 9.1%. It is estimated by the CIA in 2002 that agriculture accounted for 14.5% of the GNP of China, industry and construction 51.7% and services for 33.8%. Average rural incomes about a third in urban areas, a gap which has widened in recent decades.
Because of the vast size and culture of a very long history, China has a tradition as a state economic authorities. In said Zeng Ming, professor of the board in Shanghai, in some statistics, at the end of the 16th century though, China has a third of GDP. United States valiant today has only 20%. So, if you make a comparison of this history, three or four hundred years earlier, the Chinese would have been the world's biggest power. Experiments realize return this proud state that is certainly is a goal of Chinese people. It is not surprising phenomenon not flooded Chinese people of the world want to learn Chinese language and fury America and the West against China are common in the political scenario of the world today.
However, distributive wealth chasm between the coast and the coastal area of the deepening of China is still very large. To counter the potentially invite danger situation, the government implement the West China development strategy in 2000, the Reconstruction of East China Sea in 2003, and the Rise of Central China Region in 2004, all aimed at helping rural areas of China and build together.
Demographics.
Officially China views itself as one nation (the Chinese) are multi-ethnic with 56 recognized ethnicities. Han ethnic majority makes up about 93% of the population; however, the majority in only about half the area of China. Han nation itself heterogeneous population, and can be regarded as a collection of various ethnic cultural practice and talk the same language. Most Han Chinese speak varieties of Chinese vernacular language, which could be seen as a first language or a language family. The largest subdivision of spoken Chinese is Mandarin Chinese, with more speakers than any other language in the world. The standard version of Mandarin based on the Beijing dialect, known as Putonghua, is taught in schools and used as an official language throughout the country.
Communist revolution in this country since 1949 left a big impression that almost 59% of the population (approximately 767 million people) become atheists or do not believe in God. However, approximately 33% of them believe in the tradition of trust or confidence combined Buddhism and Taoism. The religious adherents in this country is the Mahayana Buddhist totaling 100 million people. In addition, Theravada Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism are also practiced by ethnic minorities in the country's northwestern border. In addition it is estimated there are 18 million Muslims (mostly Sunni) and 14 million Christians (4 million Catholics and 10 million Protestants) in this country.
The country has long suffered the problem of population growth. In an effort to limit population growth, China has adopted a policy which limits urban families (non-Han ethnic minorities are excluded) into one child and rural families can have two children, when the first lady. Because men are considered more economically valuable in rural areas, there was a high incidence regarding sex selective abortion and rejection of children in rural areas make sure that the second child is male. This is just the basis for the majority of the nation's population of Han. There are many homes orphans for these abandoned children, but only 2% are used as a foster child by others. The rest is also great in the orphanage. China has made international institutions adopted children retrieval program, in which citizens of other countries have come to take them, but the program showed satisfactory results.
2000 passed with 117 male sex ratio: women's high 100 versus the usual ratio (106: 100), but compared to most places such as the Caucasus and South Korea. Although this ratio is said to be due to sexism, she has recently been associated with hepatitis disease as well. PRC Government was trying to reduce this problem by emphasizing the dignity of women and has stepped along to prevent medical provider of showing the parents the sex of the baby is expected. The comparison is not balanced embodies 30-40 million men who can not get a life partner. Many of these men who seek their dream girl in another country or in the centers of prostitution. In some cases, girls are kidnapped and sold as wives in distant villages.
General health.
China can not be separated from some of the common health problems that are on the rise, as other countries. Health problems associated with air and water pollution, HIV-AIDS epidemic is being spread and millions of smokers. HIV outbreaks, plus the usual routes of infection, widespread in the past because the practice was not clean which is used in blood collection in rural areas. Tobacco problem is complicated by the fact that most government monopolized the sale of cigarettes. The authorities, who rely on the income from cigarette sales, seems hesitant in response to the tobacco compared with other public health problems.
Hepatitis B is endemic in China's mainland, with the majority of the population carry the disease; 10% of them being seriously affected. This often causes liver failure or liver cancer, something that is a common cause of death in China. Hepatitis B is also known as the source of the lack of women versus men who are born, and this also explains why the number of men far exceeds the number of women in China.
In November 2002, a virus such as SARS pneumonia is a disease attacking the Guangdong province. However, the initial ratings of the disease broke out, China has been censoring and filtering the news about it to the outside world, sekaigus causes the disease spread to Hong Kong, Vietnam and other countries through international travelers. In China, 5,327 reported cases and 348 deaths passed, make this country the most severely attacked. At the end of 2004 and 2005 the number of cases decreased, although so on May 19, 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the RRT free from SARS.
One more problem facing China is avian influenza and Streptococcus suis. Flu disease has been known to originate from the local birds and some residents, and scientists estimate that this virus will cause a pandemic will have a detrimental beautiful coastline if the way the outbreak of avian-human to human.Streptococcus suis is also still limited in Sichuan province.
In 2008, nearly 100,000 people were killed by a milk scandal.
Technology and science.
On October 15, 2003, using a Long March 2F rocket and manned spacecraft Shenzhou V, China became the 3rd country to put a human being into space through its own endeavors.
After RRT-Soviet dispute, China began to build the country's nuclear deterrence program and its space transportation system itself. Results of this policy was the launch of a satellite Dong Fang Hong 1 in 1970, China's first satellite. This makes it as the fifth country to launch a satellite spaceship itself.
The country is planning a manned space program in the early '70s, with "Project 714" and the manned spacecraft Shuguang expected. Due to a series of political and economic setbacks, the manned flight program was never implemented well until 2003. However, the 1992 Project 921 is justified and on November 19, 1999, childless rocket ship Shenzhou 1 was launched, the first test of the country's rocket. After three attempts, Shenzhou 5 was launched on October 15, 2003 with the birth of the Old Wire rocket ship Yang Liwei used, making China the third country to launch a man into space after the United States and Russia. The second mission, Shenzhou 6 was launched on October 12, 2005.
Long March 2F rocket and the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft carrying Yang Liwei at the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft to orbit the Earth, where it remained for 21 hours, making a total of 14 revolutions.
Some experts consider the manned spacecraft Shenzhou is based on Russia's Soyuz spacecraft. However, Chinese experts showed that he was not in such a way and at the beginning of Project Apollo rankings similar design are reserved NASA.
Culture.
Chinese traditional norms derived from the orthodox version of Confucianism, which is taught in schools and even a part of the imperial civil service examinations in ancient times. But things are not always so because during the Qing dynasty, for example, the Chinese empire made up of a lot of thought as legalism, which in many ways is similar to Confucius, and the rights to criticize the royal unjust and moral feeling invididu hindered by thinkers orthodox. Now, the neo-Confucian thought THAT idea of democracy and human rights in line with the traditional values Konfuciusme 'Asia'.
The leaders who initiate steps to transform Chinese society after the founding of the PRC in 1949 and grew up in the old society has been taught to live in accordance with the norms of the environment. Although they are able to adapt to the revolutionary era, they do not want to change the culture of China on a large scale. As a direct government, the leaders of China to replace the traditional aspects such as rural land tenure and education, while preserving other aspects, such as family structure. Most outside observers found the time after 1949 is not something different in China compared with before it, even a forwarding way of life adhering to the old values of Chinese society. The new government accepted without protest anything because the new government is considered "a mandate from heaven" to rule, took over the helm of leadership of the old authorities. As in ancient times, leaders such as Mao Zedong was flattered. Substitution in the Chinese society is inconsistent as charged.
Throughout the reign of PRC, many aspects of Chinese traditional culture such as painting, proverbs, language, and so that others have tried to be removed by the government as happened in the Cultural Revolution for indicted conservative, feudal and dangerous. Since then, China has realized his mistake and tried to restore the original, such as the reform of Beijing Opera to voice communist propaganda. With the passage of time, many aspects of Chinese tradition has accepted the kingdom and its people as a legacy and part of Chinese identity. The basics of the government official now made based on progress and connective Chinese civilization as most of the nation's identity. Nationalism is also applied to the youth to give legitimacy to the rule of the Chinese Communist Party.
Sports.
2008 Beijing Olympic Games held in Beijing August 8-24 Olympics 2008 which became the grandest and largest to date, was opened on the 8th of the 8th month in 8:08:08 night (number 8 is associated with prosperity in Chinese culture). The official logo of the Games, entitled "Dancing Beijing", was formed based on calligraphy character "jing", referring to the host city of Beijing. Mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa are (Hanzi: 福 娃; Pinyin: Fuwa; literally means "good luck dolls"), each describing one color at the Olympic rings. 2008 Olympic motto is "One World, One Dream". Beijing Olympics consists of 302 matches from 28 sports. During 16 days at NBC in the United States, has become the most desirable television programs, with a total of 211 million viewers by Nielson Media Research survey, 2 million more than the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, the previous record holder. At the 29th Olympic Games, host China won the public with the acquisition of 51 gold, 21 silver, and 28 bronze.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/09/about-china.html
DatePublished: September 2, 2015 at 20:54
Tag : About China.
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