Saturday 16 January 2021

Welcome.

Welcome to Kediri.

Hi friends bloggers, by introducing the name of the author also introduces Bambang Sunarno Kediri city and the birthplace of historic and original culinary style Kediri, East Java, Indonesia.
This blog was founded by Bambang Sunarno with the purpose of information, communication and knowledge.
In the town of Kediri, there are several historic sites and some of the history of Kediri.

Attractions including  :


Selomangleng cave.

Selomangleng cave.

Maskumambang lake.

Maskumambang lake.

Maria Lourdes grotto Kediri.


Maria Lourdes grotto Kediri.

Maria Lourdes cave has been known to tourists, and is known by the name Puh Sarang Church Kediri. The tourists always visit every holiday or there is an opportunity to visit with family Kediri, while Maria Lourdes grotto is a site that explains in detail the crucifixion of Jesus and also used for the followers of the Christian ritual.

Dolo Waterfall Kediri.

Dolo Waterfall Kediri.

Waterfall Dolo very attractive to newcomers from abroad or locally to enjoy the beauty of the high fountain and splashing in the gentle breeze and feel fresh.

If you want to Kelud. 

the road to the mountain kelud hot water.

Please contact the Travel Agents are available in the town of Kediri and you will get a place to take you.


culinary seller on the street Dhoho kediri.

When you visit in the evening there is a culinary providers Doho line the streets until the evening at 24.00, and for the guests do not have to worry, because every time you come there is always the hotels were good and satisfying.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 27 September 2019 at 17:02
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Posted by: Bambang Sunarno
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Sunday 27 January 2019

Hirudotherapy treatment using leeches.


 Leeches

Hi friends bloggers, leeches 'worms' with suckers on each end. Leeches can be divided in various sizes, from the size of a half-inch to ten inches long, there are leeches are brown or black in color. There are some that feed on decaying plants. Others are parasites, sucks the blood and tissues of other animals.
blood sucking leeches in two ways: using leeches proboscis to puncture the skin or use the three-jaw and millions of tiny teeth. Leeches live almost anywhere there is water origin. Leeches find their prey by detecting skin oils, blood, heat
or carbon dioxide even when prey breathe.
Leeches do not often eat out, this is because the leeches suck in large amounts
of blood when eaten.
Doctors often use leeches in the past to draw blood. Leeches are also used to perform operations and cutting hair. When the barber finished the operation,
she would take a bloody bandage and wrap around the pole to show that he was doing surgery.
That's how the origin of the red and white pole circling the barber.
Now maggots and leeches are used for different reasons .
Scientists are studying the saliva of leeches. They believe the substances that stop or prevent blood clots that someday could be used in humans. The researchers also identified several medical compounds that can be developed from the saliva of leeches.
The properties of anticoagulant and clot-digesting these substances makes them potentially useful as a drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke . Leeches can be " milked " for their secretions without being harmed, and continues to do research the possibility of engineering synthetic leech saliva. But it still used leeches to suck blood.
Doctors now turn to leeches to help restore blood circulation to grafted tissue
and reattached and toes.
For example : microsurgeons at a Boston hospital used leeches to save the ears
of a 5 year old boy who had been bitten by a dog died. The leech can remove all solid blood to allow normal circulation to return to the network, thus preventing gangrene from scratch .
At this time , hundreds of thousands of leeches are sold in the U.S. to hospitals, clinics and individuals the European market , much bigger and millions of leeches are sold every year .

Hirudotherapy.

Hirudotherapy is treatment using medical leeches . This type of therapy is
known from extreme antiquity and is still alive today . This fact shows effectiveness in healing various diseases . Currently Hirudotherapy method approved by many countries .

Hirudotherapy is treatment using medical leeches

Great experience using medicinal leeches in medical purpose kept up for centuries With the development of science covert action mechanism described leech salivary glands , are biologically active substances included in it was introduced to the public , the influence of leeches on the particular structure
of a living organism has been investigated . Some medical forms are made
on the basis of biologically active substances from the salivary glands
of leeches and work on the creation of a new substance that is by doing
a modern Hirudotherapy different from the old-fashioned because now we
do not use the wild leeches , instead we use leeches that live in the wild , especially where they are in a natural condition that dirty , we currently use a leech only once .
The advantages are obvious and absolute safety Hirudotherapy checked on thousands of years of human experience and not cause doubts .
One of the first substance that is found in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches is hirudin, a substance that thins the blood clotting process, anticoagulating as destabilaza fermentation , ingibitors of plazmine,
callecrein of plasmine and others .
Factors diffusion-ferments of gialuronidaza, collagenaza, appressing factors mediators of pain - cininaza , antisclerous factors are also investigated .
Thus , medicinal leeches are manufacturing biologically active substances .
The result of the action of biologically active substances on living organisms
are ;
- Normalization and improvement of capillary circulation ;
- Declare antiinflammatory effects ;
- Antistressful and adaptogene effect ;
- Immunostimulants and immunomodulating effects ;
- Anesthesia ;
- Anticoagulation ;
- Antibacterial Effect ;
- Improvement of the endocellular exhange and realization of this mechanism
has both local and general character .
The existence of skin-visceral connection with the organs are definitely famous. Biologically active substances act to organ for blood -sucking leeches drug action through Viens. This prompted an increase in blood circulation in specific organs, making trombolitic , anti-inflammatory , immunostimulant action , improve nutrition of tissues , strengthen the immune network . It is impossible for all the diseases that can be treated by using Hirudotherapy , contra - indications with Hirudotherphy is hemophilia , pregnancy , anemia , hypotonia .
Hirudotherapy can be applied to any disease known at this time . It can be used as an independent method of treatment and in a complex with other people to know . Doctors know exactly how difficult it is to struggle with chronic inflammatory diseases. The problem is in all types of clinical presentation of
the disease organism protection mechanisms are universal-emission inflammatory mediators, vazoconstrictors , apireties and some other biologically active substances into the blood . Everything comes to the aspirations of living organisms to limit the nidus of inflammation by a decrease in blood circulation and capillary permeability - network , the creation of a shaft with conjunctive tissue inflammation and cellular structure and mode of temperature in the area . Given as a result of the concentration of the drug for instance an antibiotic in
the nidus of inflammation is much lower than in the blood . Increasing doses of chemical drugs do not solve the problem because of excessive lead to allergies and side effects in other organs (liver, kidney, bone marrow, glands Endocrin). As a result, found many problems; disbacteriosis , hepatitis , nephropathy , immune deficiency conditions , but chronic inflammation problem for a given patient is not resolved . Here is to remember about Hirudotherapy .
Containing biologically active substances in leech saliva glands can restore
blood circulation in the nidus of inflammation, ischemia remove organs, giving the exchange capillary network and therefore can perform chemical transport of drugs into the nidus of inflammation , improve immune protection and tissue regeneration . In such conditions the use of the same chemical drugs is possible in smaller doses . These factors do not limit the ability to influence the nidus of inflammation Hirudotherapy . The problem is that in the salivary glands of medicinal leeches there are some substances that are able to withstand bacterias.One growth substances studied were the most hirudin . In experiments on animals and bactericidal action of hirudin has been proven bacteriastatic .
The main reason of drug action on thrombophlebitis hirudin example is its bactericidal properties . That's why it became clear that the use of leeches in
both aseptic inflammation and the inflammation caused by a bacterial agent
helps the organism . Owned medicinal leech salivary gland secrets to penetrate the " axis demarcacional " inflammation is deternimed by the action of a factor of-the - enzyme gialuronidaza penetration . This enzyme is able to act unactivate gialuron acid which is a cementing substance for connective tissue .
feaeture sort Hirudotherapy essentially distinquishes of other treatment methods.
In addition to the above mentioned effects Hirudotherapy it is necessary to remember about the biological influences such as irritation of the active points
in zones. It reflex has been long known that leeches prefer to sit in certain areas of the skin that correspond to points of ancient Chinese method of treatment - needleacupuncture . In Hirudotherapy results we receive in the treatment effect
is not only due to the action of biologically active substances ' secret leeches ,
but also in a way that affects the reflex zones .
For example, in the treatment of hypertonic disease biologically active points
and cervical occipital regions used and the influence of these points give , vasodilation and hipotenzive effects.The other anesthetic action of the leech is a leech exhaust taking.One blood of 5 to 10 ml of blood .. The bleeding lasts for several hours ( approximately 12-24 hours ) and patients lose about 20-30 ml blood.Thus due to the influence of the leech 5 simulteneously patients 100-250 ml of blood loss and blood this way has the advantage of taking no doubt before taking blood from a vein . Taking blood from the organs associated with pain lasted for about an hour . Therefore , creating conditions of many lasts hours and venous drainage and stable fit of certain areas , in certain areas there is usually improved microcirculation , nutrition network , mobile exchange , venous stagnation usually liquidated and organ ischemia usually eliminated.After course of treatment consists of 5-10 procedures using leeches 4-10 good clinical effect is marked.At cardiovascular pathology circulatory decompensation ( ishemic heart disease , defect intimate ) that points to the heart of authentic leech reduce elevated arterial pressure , leading to reduce stagnation in heart , for increased ventilation of the lungs and heart demolition . The effect comes in direct hipotenzive results and anticoagulating action of hirudin and not a smaller degree by reducing peripheral resistance . In the cardiovascular system disease Hirudotherapy play a special role.It easy to find an explanation for the attention to the conditions mentioned above properties.Besides note hirudin ability to affect blood clotting . Fluid and blood clotting conditions provided by the functional interation of two systems of organisms : anticlotting.The anticlotting support system and blood clotting in a liquid state , protecting it from freezing , which both provide protection from bleeding in violation of the integrity of
blood vessels . For patients with ischemic heart disease , hypertension , for parents , for patients with diabetes is a major problem as angiopathy and vessel atherosclerosis - results ; atherosclerosis anyone integrety violation of vessels.which blood supply and turn on the system clotting.In terrible results show most of the heart disease and arterial thrombosis in vessels is an important vital organs. The output of thrombosis is heart infarction , brain , lungs brinding sometimes deadly results . Stimulation fibrinolitic activity and anticlotting systems of the blood in disease , the suppression of the formation trombs , and reduce blood viscosity is needed both with medical purpose and for preventive maintenance of ischemic conditions . The mechanism of action of hirudin on thrombin oppressive investigated . hirudin blocks the action of thrombin and the latter loses its properties , does not promote the transition of fibrinogen to fibrin. Besides secret saliva of medicinal leeches block an attachement anitial of platelets and actually press them on the surface collagenus aggregetion . Thus , the secret saliva of leeches and the influence of the drug on blood plasma cellular factor clotting. In much research writer is indicated that after the leech is no normalization parameter assignment separate from coagulogramme - on anitial combination of hyper coagulation system activates and vice versa anticoagulating is becoming more active . Similar effects were not accepted even when we use a known anticoagulant such as heparin and aspirin . We must add the effects lipotropal enzymes from the salivary glands of leeches which consists in the ability of drugs to influence on blood lipids . At the beginning of this century, some scientists expressed the assumption that the development of atherosclerosis can be prevented by applying medicinal leeches . In the 1984-1989 experiment proved that the introduction of long- secret introvenous salivary glands of medicinal leeches to mice that were presented in conditions very last atherosclerosis has been a reduction in lung lipids and abdominal arteries . It is known that lipoproteids low density and low density lipoproteids greatly promoted the development of atherosclerosis , but the high density lipoproteids antisclerous protective factors play a role . On hearing the disease there ishemic redistribution of cholesterol in the different classes of lipoproteids density . Quantity in lipoproteids it raises low-density and very low density lipoproteids reduced resulting in high lipoproteids . In this group had increased levels of lipid authentic general , triglicerids , cholesterol on artery walls . Many writers are engaged in this sign authentically reduction problem triglicerids and cholesterol in the blood after a few sessions Hirudotherapy . This makes it possible to draw the conclusion that the secret lipotropic ensymes leech saliva drug can be used in the atherosclerotic vessel defects regardless of the primary localization of atherosclerosis . Perhaps the effect of " rejuvenation " can look after emergence Hirudotherapy shine in the eyes , skin elasticity improvement , flush appearance , loss of face mask fatigue in patients , strong sort of patient . That's possible because in this case we are dealing with an increase mechanism Vasku.

The nature of Leech Therapy.


The nature of Leech Therapy

leech mouth.

structure leech

Therapeutic properties Hirudotherapy ;

* Common reflexogenic : hypotension
* Bleeds : immunopotentiating
* Internal decongestion : bacteriostatic
* Anticoagulants : anti - inflammatory
* Protective antithrombotic : Local anti - edema
* Thrombolytic : analgesic
* Removal of microcirculation disorders : antiatherosclerotic
* Anti - ischemic : elimination of abnormal interactions between the system.

Doctor Miracle called leech .

Applied drugs have hundreds of years of experience in the fight against human disease . Tens of thousands of different mixtures , tablets , vaccines , drugs , etc. have been created - and they are all human treatment effects . And why professional doctors again and again apply to traditional methods of treatment rather old drug tested by our ancestors ? There is no secret that ... All of these methods are based on natural root . That is why we applied the medical center fashioned method " of treatment for hundreds of diseases ".

Hirudotherapy .

Hirudotherapy ( from Latin leech Hirudo - ) is known since ancient times . Along with general bloodletting , has been regarded as a necessary drug in the treatment of different diseases .
Secrets of the medical leech salivary gland contains more than 100 bioactive substances and has anti -inflammatory action , bacteriostatic , analgesic , completing , it eliminates the microcirculation disorders , vascular permeability restore damaged tissues and organs , eliminating hypoxia ( lack of oxygen ) , reducing blood pressure , improving the activity of the immune system , detoxifies the organism , releases from threatening complications , such as infarction , stroke , improving bioenergy status of the organism .
How confidential leech injection is very simple : placed on the skin to bite the skin , then the leech saliva secret falls into the bloodstream and go to the focus of the disease through the vessel .
In medicine we use hirudoreflexotherapy put leeches on reflexogenic point as " needle Life ".

Indications for treatment with medicinal leeches :

* Cardiovascular diseases , including essential hypertension and ischemic
   diseases , diseases phlebogene of the lower extremities ;
* Chronic bronchitis , pneumonia , bronchial asthma ;
* Digestive tract diseases (hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastric ulcer) ;
* ENT Disease ;
* Paradontosis and other dental diseases ;
* Urological diseases ;
* Male sterility ;
* Skin diseases ( neurodermatitis , psoriasis , eczema , herpes ) ;
* Gynecological disorders ( commissural process in the small pelvis ,
* Female infertility ,
* Adnexitis chronic , parametritis ,
* Endometriosis , fibromastopathy ) ;
* Systemic diseases ( rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus ,
   scleroderma ) ;
* Osteochondrosis and radiculitis ;
* Eye diseases , including glaucoma ;
* Infantile cerebral paralysis ( ICP ) and other diseases .
* Therapy Hirudotherapy properties :

Blood shortage.

Leech therapy is always associated with a certain degree of blood loss , which is clinically irrelevant in most cases . In clinical trials by Michalsen , losses mean hemoglobin 0.7 mg / dL of blood loss , and clinically relevant not occur in any
of the patients studied . However , there is a strong afterbleeding isolated observations with a decrease in hemoglobin value , especially in cases where the leech was accidentally applied directly to the superficial veins . According to the Essen-Mitte Hospital, clinically relevant decrease in hemoglobin (> 3 mg/dL) occurred after leech therapy in two patients , one of whom required blood transfusion ( after being treated with six leeches for osteoarthritis of the knee ) . Asked retrospective , one patient stated that he was , in his opinion , prolonged bleeding injuries in the past . In other cases , afterbleeding from leech bites
lasted for 36 hours and must be stopped by skin sutures . extensive coagulation test is then performed but did not reveal any specific coagulation disorders .
Prior to the occurrence of abnormal bleeding anamnestically seem important , and patients should be specifically questioned about the incident .
Anticoagulants are drugs simultaneously important to see . If low-dose aspirin is prescribed in combination with other platelet aggregation inhibitors
( clopidogrel , Iscover , Plavix ) or high -dose fish oil ( Omacor ) , a small number of leeches ( 3-4 ) should be used initially. blood counts should always
be obtained before the start of leech therapy. To reliably prevent the loss of the relevant amount of blood , the leech therapist should never use more than 12 twisters in a single treatment session.

Impaired Wound Healing , superinfection , and Allergies .

Once the leech drops off , the edge of the wound three branches generally swell during 12-48 hours accompanied by feelings of local tension , hot , and flushed . Small blood spots ( ecchymoses ) develop under the skin around the bite of a leech . larger collection of blood rarely develops . Such as superficial bruises , blood spots initially reddish purple , then turn yellowish , and finally disappeared in about two weeks . Localized inflammation , sometimes with papulous height of the bite site , is a relatively common problem that is often accompanied by itching . This inflammation usually subsides quickly when the ice and left . The cause of this disorder is unknown wound - healing . improper handling , especially early termination afterbleeding from wounds , leech head squeezed with pliers , strong deletion of leeches before finished eating , and the failure to keep the animals in freshwater , has frequently been implicated as a potential cause . However , it has also been observed to occur right after leech treatment in isolated cases . Theoretically, Aeromonas hydrophila local infection with a potential cause , but so far there is no evidence of microbiological presence of Aeromonas hydrophila in the wound fluid of affected patients . more severe local inflammation is most often caused by secondary wound contamination or irritation due to mechanical irritation , such as scratching and rubbing . Patients should be informed of the overall importance of protecting the wound from mechanical irritation . According to survey hospitals , more severe local inflammation occurs in three isolated cases : One patient developed erysipelas and two lymphangitis being developed . All cases resolved rapidly in response
to treatment with cephalosporin antibiotics and / or gyrase inhibitors . Obedience localization contraindications and recommendations to minimize the risk of local inflammation . In case it is not clear where the progressive and painful skin redness develops , especially if it is associated with increased temperature , the leech therapist should know to administer antibiotics immediately . Pseudolymphomas may occur in rare cases , this is caused by efflorescences papulous reaction to arthropod bites leech . Currently , no data are used to assess the exact frequency of these side effects . To our knowledge , a total of three documented and confirmed cases have been reported .
It is difficult to distinguish the wound - healing secondary disturbance of potential allergic reactions . precise data on the frequency of allergic reactions to the bite of a leech is not available . Local itching , a common side effect of leeching , should not be construed as an allergic reaction . allergic reactions such as urticaria firmly while and locodistant swelling have been reported in a few isolated cases . However , local symptoms , reflex erythema and urticarial dermographism psychovegetatively unstable individuals have been studied more frequently . An older case reports describe the occurrence of short -term anaphylactic shock after six leeches applied to the temple area . Some experts manage systemic antihistamines leech therapy for the treatment of localized allergic reaction to ( empirical ) good success . However , response rates for both antihistamines are not evidence per se of allergens : A certain level of placebo response to antihistamines should also be taken into account . Which may be boosting existing antibiotics allergic to leech therapy is also proposed in case reports .
When interpreting a local reaction that occurs after leech therapy , it is important to remember that the protease in the saliva of leeches release various types of mediators nonimmunological . Furthermore , the reaction may be exacerbated by factors psychovegetative . All in all , there are only a few cases in which a relationship between leech therapy and the occurrence of allergic reactions has been proven with reasonable certainty . However , potential allergic reactions occur after exposure to any foreign protein . Contact dermatitis has also been observed after the use of leeches ointment .
Short-term reactive swelling and / or tenderness of the lymph nodes proximal have occasionally been reported , but most often in patients with delayed wound healing . This phenomenon has most often develops in the groin area after application of leeches for the treatment of knee joint, hip joint, or varicose veins. Quickly and smoothly loss swollen lymph nodes all of which are described in case reports.

Blood poisoning .

Sepsis due to systemic infection with Aeromonas hydrophila has been repeatedly observed after application of leeches in reconstructive surgery indications , but not in any of the other relevant fields used . This supports the conclusion that the risk of Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis increased only in patients with severe underlying disease or immunosuppression , which often occur in surgical candidates for leech therapy . Therefore we recommend concurrent antibiotic treatment for all surgical patients receiving leech therapy . In the rest of the field of use , the primary antibiotic therapy does not seem to be required in accordance with the current state of knowledge , but must be considered relevant contraindications.

Transmission of Infectious Diseases .

At this time , medicinal leeches are generally only used once . Therefore , there is no risk of indirect transfer of infectious diseases from one patient to another . Aeromonas hydrophila primary infection with clinically relevant only if the leech goes for transplant surgery . Concurrent antibiotic treatment therefore recommended for prophylaxis of infection in these cases ( see above ) . Transmission of pathogenic bacteria or other viruses to humans in the context of leech therapy has not been observed so far.

Scars.

If allowed , the former is usually rapid leech shrunk to hardly visible or invisible signs three small branches disappear completely within one to three weeks . However , if the impaired wound healing wounds due to scratching or secondary infections , scars will remain visible for a long time significantly . Papulous skin changes over the last few months have also been reported in isolated cases . In one case , a " reaction to arthropod " permanent also been reported after treatment leeches . Significant scarring may occur especially when leeches are applied to
areas with thin skin and a thin layer of subcutaneous tissue or joint area where the skin is constant movement . Wearing tight clothing after treatment , for example, around the knee , can also result in scar formation .
For aesthetic reasons , the control is recommended when using leeches in the face or in part apparent and other relevant cosmetics from the body . Here , we re- emphasize that it is necessary to thoroughly inform patients about the potential risks of treatment , including scar tissue , and to obtain written informed consent from the patient before going ahead with the treatment .

Safety and Side Effects Leech Therapy .

leech therapy rarely ever lead to serious complications . Local pain medication and short-term side effects itching usual . Prior to treatment , patients should be advised accordingly and asked to sign a consent form that describes the side effects that are relevant ( see Appendix ) . Prevalence data from systematic and prospective studies are only available for a few different side effects of leech therapy . The following analysis is compiled using data from published efficacy studies and case reports , as well as from personal observation . Quality control data on adverse events documented in more than 1000 cases treated at the Hospital Essen-Mitte, especially for the treatment of degenerative joint disease, is also included in the analysis .

Local Pain During Treatment .

Local pain perception varies leeching . Most patients describe the local dragging pain that occurs immediately after leech bites and lasts for about one to five minutes . Such as saliva more and more introduced into the network , the anesthetic effect of leech saliva comes into force . The intensity of the pain from the bite of the leech and the first phase is generally described as a light meal or ignored ( depending on the individual 's pain threshold ) , but some patients find the pain is more intense , similar to a wasp sting . Perceived intensity of leech bites varies from one person to another . subjective pain ratings ranged from " hardly noticeable " to " mild " ( similar to stinging nettle pain ) to " similar to a wasp sting " ( very rare ) . Sensation ( or sometimes a bit strong ) rhythmic normally attract little attention for one to three minutes after the start of feeding .
Does stimulation of the same intensity exactly considered painful or not perceived at all of course depends on the personality of the individual , but also depends on the concentration of the people on the leech or leech therapy attitudes toward . Individual leech jaw size , bite force , the intensity of suction , and the volume and composition of leech saliva also plays a role . Many people never even notice the bites of leeches , for example when they are bitten under the water , while their attention is focused on something else . Often , patients are more anxious that focuses on getting ready for the leech bite , the higher the perception of pain . Leech therapist should keep in mind during the preparation phase and during treatment . A diversion can often help . It is also useful to allow the patient to " get to know " "his" or " her " to convince the leech and leech treatment of patients with a confident manner . If latex gloves must be worn for health reasons , the leech therapist does not have to use forceps on leeches . Many patients lose their aversion to leeches when they show how they swim and elegant beautiful colored patterns on their backs shown . Many people report that the patient's attitude toward the leech changes from negative to positive after a positive treatment experience . Most of the concerns are projected to leech is based on ancient fears rather than on objective facts . We also recommend that kill leeches in front of the patient . If leeches had to be killed after treatment , the animals should be frozen and placed in a solution of 90 % alcohol a few days later .

Itching local .

Transient leech bites itch in place within the first few days after treatment is very common and should not be mistaken for an allergic reaction . In a study of the efficacy of leech therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee , approximately 70 % of patients treated with leeches developed local itching that lasts an average of two days . Transient itching occurs at a frequency that is comparable , but the level of intensity is strong in many cases in which leeches were applied to the more peripheral joints , such as the thumb , but at lower levels after treatment of large joints and vertebrogenic zone , according to empirical assessment . Patients can be advised prior to treatment side effects . Patients should not scratch the bites of leeches , especially after the initial wound closure , because it often delays wound healing . We recommend local cooling solution ( curd wraps, cold moist wrap, wrap vinegar ). For more severe itching, antipruritic commercial products ( eg , ointment Fenistil ) or oral antihistamines may be used . Some experts prescribe oral antihistamines leech therapy to patients in conjunction with a known history of a severe reaction ( itching and redness of the skin ) for leech therapy . Isolated reports describe brief relapse hives are in certain situations ( eg , high temperature ) for several months after an otherwise uneventful course of leech therapy .

Hypotension and Vasovagal attack.

Patients with a history of developing vasovagal attack or syncope ( fainting ) before other invasive treatment methods also can develop a reaction like that at the start of or during leech therapy . One survey showed that vasovagal attack occurs in one of 1000 leech treatment performed in our hospital . Therefore , the leech therapist should always ask about the patient's prior history of vasovagal attack or pass out before procedures such as blood sampling or acupuncture . To guard against vasovagal attack , the patient should drink plenty of fluids before and during treatment , and treatment should always be done in a soothing environment while the patient is lying down . Two cases of hypotension and syncope outpatient Vasodepressor following leech therapy were also observed . Both patients known arterial hypertension and three antihypertensive drugs , which they continue to take as normal . A few hours after leech therapy , two patients developed a brief attack of benign syncope . It is important to remember that leeching has known antihypertensive effects when treating patients on antihypertensive drugs . Patients should drink plenty of fluids . If there is a strong flow of blood from leech bites , the patient's blood pressure should be monitored and antihypertensive medications should be adjusted as needed .
Prior to treatment , patients should be advised accordingly and asked to sign a consent form that describes the side effects that are relevant ( see Appendix ) . Prevalence data from systematic and prospective studies are only available for a few different side effects of leech therapy . The following analysis is compiled using data from published efficacy studies and case reports , as well as from personal observation . Quality control data on adverse events documented in more than 1000 cases treated at the Hospital Essen - Mitte , especially for the treatment of degenerative joint disease , is also included in the analysis .

Local Pain During Treatment .

Local pain perception varies leeching. Most patients describe the local dragging pain that occurs immediately after leech bites and lasts for about one to five minutes . Such as saliva more and more introduced into the network , the anesthetic effect of leech saliva comes into force . The intensity of the pain from the bite of the leech and the first phase is generally described as a light meal or ignored ( depending on the individual 's pain threshold ) , but some patients find the pain is more intense , similar to a wasp sting . Perceived intensity of leech bites varies from one person to another . subjective pain ratings ranged from " hardly noticeable " to " mild " ( similar to stinging nettle pain ) to " similar to a wasp sting " ( very rare ) . Sensation ( or sometimes a bit strong ) rhythmic normally attract little attention for one to three minutes after the start of feeding .
Does stimulation of the same intensity exactly considered painful or not perceived at all of course depends on the personality of the individual , but also depends on the concentration of the people on the leech or leech therapy attitudes toward . Individual leech jaw size , bite force , the intensity of suction , and the volume and composition of leech saliva also plays a role . Many people never even notice the bites of leeches , for example when they are bitten under the water , while their attention is focused on something else . Often , patients are more anxious that focuses on getting ready for the leech bite , the higher the perception of pain . Leech therapist should keep in mind during the preparation phase and during treatment . A diversion can often help . It is also useful to allow the patient to " get to know " "his" or " her " to convince the leech and leech treatment of patients with a confident manner . If latex gloves must be worn for health reasons , the leech therapist does not have to use forceps on leeches . Many patients lose their aversion to leeches when they show how they swim and elegant beautiful colored patterns on their backs shown . Many people report that the patient's attitude toward the leech changes from negative to positive after a positive treatment experience . Most of the concerns are projected to leech is based on ancient fears rather than on objective facts . We also recommend that kill leeches in front of the patient . If leeches had to be killed after treatment , the animals should be frozen and placed in a solution of 90 % alcohol a few days later .

Itching local .

Transient leech bites itch in place within the first few days after treatment is very common and should not be mistaken for an allergic reaction . In a study of the efficacy of leech therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee , approximately 70 % of patients treated with leeches developed local itching that lasts an average of two days . Transient itching occurs at a frequency that is comparable , but the level of intensity is strong in many cases in which leeches were applied to the more peripheral joints , such as the thumb , but at lower levels after treatment of large joints and vertebrogenic zone , according to empirical assessment . Patients can be advised prior to treatment side effects . Patients should not scratch the bites of leeches , especially after the initial wound closure , because it often delays wound healing . We recommend local cooling solution ( curd wraps, cold moist wrap, wrap vinegar ). For more severe itching, antipruritic commercial products ( eg , ointment Fenistil ) or oral antihistamines may be used . Some experts prescribe oral antihistamines leech therapy to patients in conjunction with a known history of a severe reaction ( itching and redness of the skin ) for leech therapy . Isolated reports describe brief relapse hives are in certain situations ( eg , high temperature ) for several months after an otherwise uneventful course of leech therapy .

Hypotension and Vasovagal attack .

Patients with a history of developing vasovagal attack or syncope ( fainting ) before other invasive treatment methods also can develop a reaction like that at the start of or during leech therapy . One survey showed that vasovagal attack occurs in one of 1000 leech treatment performed in our hospital . Therefore , the leech therapist should always ask about the patient's prior history of vasovagal attack or pass out before procedures such as blood sampling or acupuncture . To guard against vasovagal attack , the patient should drink plenty of fluids before and during treatment , and treatment should always be done in a soothing environment while the patient is lying down . Two cases of hypotension and syncope outpatient Vasodepressor following leech therapy were also observed . Both patients known arterial hypertension and three antihypertensive drugs , which they continue to take as normal . A few hours after leech therapy , two patients developed a brief attack of benign syncope . It is important to remember that leeching has known antihypertensive effects when treating patients on antihypertensive drugs . Patients should drink plenty of fluids . If there is a strong flow of blood from leech bites , the patient's blood pressure should be monitored and antihypertensive medications should be adjusted as needed .

Medicinal leeches .

Approximately 600 species of leeches have been identified to date , but only about 15 are used in the treatment . Leeches classified as " medicinal leeches " , Hirudo medicinalis , in the narrow sense has been used to treat patients for centuries .
The first documented account of the use of Hirudo medicinalis for medicinal purposes dates back to the time of Hippocrates . According to Sanskrit writings , Dhavantari , the father of Indian medicine , held nectar in one hand and a leech on the other hand . Leech therapy is also used in traditional Chinese medicine . Paintings of medicinal leeches have been found in the tombs of pharaohs . The Solomon Parables also describe leech treatment use in ancient medicine . Leech therapy in the treatment of Greece can be found in the poem by Nicandros Alexipharmacia . The Roman physician Galen classified leech terapy as a method to achieve a healthy balance . Avicenna also used leeches for healing aids. In the past leeches have proven the most effective treatment in many cases. Leeches were especially useful in the treatment of battle wounds . European countries in the 18th and 19th centuries imported over 100 million leeches every year to meet the high demand .
Currently , doctors use leeches for treating abscesses , painful joints , glaucoma , myasthenia , and to heal venous diseases and thrombosis . Medical leeches are used in plastic surgery , to improve brain circulation and for the treatment of infertility .
Common indications for leech therapy are :
inflammatory reaction
Heart Disease
Rheumatic Diseases
Tendovaginitis and Tendinitis
Venous Disease and Varicose Veins
arthrosis
arthritis
muscle tension
Antidyscratic therapy ( blood purification and regeneration ) of toxicoses and mental illness
Thrombosis and embolism
Passive congestions and spastic conditions
Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes
Transudates and exudates
A simple principle lies at the heart of all miracles - Hirudo . During feeding, leeches secrete a complex mixture of different biologically and pharmacologically active ingredients into the wound . Hirudin is the best known component of leech saliva . Hirudin is sometimes used to describe all the active substances in leech saliva . In fact , hirudin only refer to a particular active substance in leech salive . Component of leech saliva drug effects in the host's body is :
* Hirudin : Inhibits blood coagulation by binding to thrombin
* Calin : Inhibits blood clots by blocking the binding of von factors
   Willebrand for collagen . Inhibit collagen - mediated platelet aggregation
* Destabilase : Monomerizing activities . Soluble fibrin . effects of thrombolytic
* Hirustasin : Inhibits kallikrein , trypsin , chymotrypsin , cathepsin G
   neutropholic
* Bdellins : Anti - inflammatory . Inhibit trypsin , plasmin , acrosin
* Hyaluronidase : Increasing the viscosity of the interstitial . antibiotic
* Tryptase inhibitors : Inhibits proteolytic enzymes of host mast cells
* Eglins : Anti - inflammatory. Inhibit the activity of alpha - chymotrypsin,
   chymase, substilisin, elastase, cathepsin G
   Inhibiting Factor Xa inhibitors : coagulation factor xa activity by forming
   equimolar complex
* Inhibitors : Complementary May possibly replace natural complement
   inhibitors if they lack
* Carboxypeptidase : A inhibitors Increases blood flow at the site of the bite
* Histaminelike : vasodilator substances . Increases blood flow at the site of the
   bite
* Acetylcholine : vasodilator
* Subsctance anesthesia : anesthesia

Effects leech bites .

Although some types of blood sucking leeches, not all species can bite,
only 90  % of their feed from decomposing bodies and open wounds of amphibians , reptiles, waterfowl, fish, and mammals ( including, but not limited to, humans ). A leech attaches when biting, and will remain attached to having a blood content. Because anticoagulant ( hirudin ) that leeches secrete , bites may bleed more than normal wound after the leech removed. Effect of anticoagulants will disappear a few hours after the leech is removed and the wound cleaned .
Leeches normally carry parasites in their digestive tract that can not survive in humans and do not pose a threat . However , bacteria , viruses , and parasites from previous blood sources can survive within a leech for months , and may be transmitted back to humans . A study found both HIV and hepatitis in African leeches from Cameroon . ( Hirudotherapy ethics therefore is always using leeches that had never been used )
Although some types of blood sucking leeches, not all species can bite, only 90% of their feed from decomposing bodies and open wounds of amphibians, reptiles, waterfowl, fish, and mammals (including, but not limited to, humans). A leech attaches when biting, and will remain attached to having a blood content. Because anticoagulant (hirudin) that leeches secrete, bites may bleed more than normal wound after the leech removed. Effect of anticoagulants will disappear a few hours after the leech is removed and the wound cleaned. Leeches normally carry parasites in their digestive tract that can not survive in humans and do not pose a threat. However, bacteria, viruses, and parasites from previous blood sources can survive within a leech for months, and may be transmitted back to humans.
A study found both HIV and hepatitis in African leeches from Cameroon. (Hirudotherapy ethics therefore is always using leeches that had never been used). Thank you for reading this article .
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/hirudotherapy-treatment-using-leeches.html
DatePublished: January 27, 2014 at 11:30
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Tag ; Leeches, Treatment.

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Saturday 19 March 2016

Mystery mummy.

So far found no signs of unnatural death. "It's still a mystery to us," Navales said as quoted by News.com.au, Tuesday (01/03/2016). "When found, such as the victim was sleeping." Unclear since when Bajorat lost at sea. However, in appearance not been reported since 2009. Meanwhile, one of his last contact with the victim through Facebook last year, to say happy birthday.
Two fishermen who were casting nets on the coast of the Philippines, 100 km from Barabo, find a yacht bobbing in the ocean, without a driver, being a 'ghost ship'. They immediately report it to the authorities.
Officials who entered into the yacht unbelievable shock when they found human remains that have been turned into a mummy.
The bodies were found in a state of sitting, head bowed, with the hands on the table. It is located near a radio communication within the ship.
The body was identified as Manfred Fritz Bajorat (59), a German adventurer.
Philippine National Police Inspector, Mark Navales said it could not reveal the cause of death.
So far found no signs of unnatural death. "It's still a mystery to us," Navales said as quoted by News.com.au, Tuesday (01/03/2016). "When found, such as the victim was sleeping."
Unclear since when Bajorat lost at sea. However, in appearance not been reported since 2009. Meanwhile, one of his last contact with the victim through Facebook last year, to say happy birthday.
It's also unclear how long he was in a state died in the yacht.
Police met the conditions inside the vessel were scattered. Victim's wallet was found there. However, radio, GPS, and a number of other valuables were still there.
Meanwhile, a spokesman for local police, Goldie Lou Siega said, has not found evidence that there is no second person in the boat. "We also did not find weapons there," he said.
Separately, Dr. Mark Benecke, forensic criminologist Cologne, Germany said, the position of the victim who was sitting indicates that death came suddenly. "Maybe a heart attack," he said.
So why the body into a mummy?
Officials said the dry sea breeze and salty air helps to preserve the remains of it.
When investigators are still gathering evidence on Bajorat death, details of the victim's personal life to emerge.
In 2008, Bajorat adventure with his wife, but the couple later split up. The wife later died of cancer.
In 2009, Bajorat meet other sailors, Dieter - who told Bild that the victim was a sailor who reliably.
"I do not believe it will sail to the storm," he said. "I'm sure, mast broke after Manfred had died."
Now, the German Embassy in Manila, Philippines, was to know such information and are working to contact family Bajorat.
The victim is known to have a daughter who works as a freighter captain.
The last message
Manfred Fritz Bajorat was writing the last message consisting of 32 words for his late wife, Claudia, who died at the age of 53 years on May 2, 2010.
"30 years we have the same path. However, the evil forces are stronger than the desire to stay alive. You went away. Hopefully arwahmu find peace. Manfredmu, "the contents of the message, as quoted by the Daily Mail.
The message found on the forum of the sailors in cyberspace, kaktusguenther.de.
Bajorat who was found dead near the telephone allegedly trying to transmit an emergency 'Mayday' before he died.
Ships belonging to the victim which has a length of 40 feet named SAYO, has been used around the world for the last 20 years.
Inside the cabin, which is now under water, found a photo album containing pictures of family and relatives of the victims. Meanwhile, clothing and food packaging cans were found scattered.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/03/mystery-mummy.html
DatePublished: March 19, 2016 at 13:55
Tag : Mystery mummy.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Posted by: Bambang Sunarno
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Haunted Tunnel.

Not a few people who think the tunnel is one of the creepy and haunted. For example haunted tunnels that exist in some parts of the world below. Various testimonies to ghost sightings have been around these tunnels.

Some of the most haunted tunnel in the world are  :

The Blue Ghost Tunnel.

The Blue Ghost Tunnel.
The Blue Ghost Tunnel is the designation for Merritton Tunnel is located in Thorold, Canada. Although named blue, does not mean the creepy tunnel is blue. Blue name given to the tunnel originated from a psychic investigator who initially wanted to find out about Haunted Screaming Tunnel Tunnel Tunnel Merritton but ended up in this. In the tunnel that is reportedly haunted by, he saw a strange apparition in blue mist. http://primadonablog.blogspot.com
History said in 1915 Merritton Tunnel was closed. The cause was an accident, suicide and sabotage make the construction of this tunnel came to a standstill. One of the most tragic events is a train accident in 1903. Where is the train accident that claimed the lives of two engineers who are working.


Moonville Tunnel.

Moonville Tunnel.
Moonville Tunnel is a railway tunnel built by local residents. Railways were built was used to transport coal and clay toward Cincinnati. There are several versions of horror stories about this haunted tunnel. The first is that there was a drunk who passed terewongan as a shortcut, when she heard the sound of trains, the drunken man waving a lantern on the train, but unfortunately too late to stop the train. The second version is when the winter, the city of about running out of food stocks. The citizens then appoint one to stay in the tunnel and stop the train. But he was actually asleep and getting hit and lanterns brought the man left behind at the scene.
Because that's the story of the train companies warn the driver not to lay off the train when they see strange things in this haunted tunnel.


Shanghai Tunnel.

Shanghai Tunnel.
Do not think Shanghai Tunnel is located in Shanghai, because the haunted tunnel is actually a tunnel built in the United States and become the most horror haunted tunnel there. This tunnel has been the headquarters of the organization called Shanghaiers. Where the organization is kidnapped and forced to work on a ship used to sail towards Asia. The women were abducted separately sold as prostitutes. http://prmadonablog.blogspot.com
The story will eeriness of Shanghai Tunnel is still growing today. Some ghost hunters who hunt in the haunted tunnel say they often hear whisperings smooth. There have been whispers that told them to go, there are also whispers that told them to stay in the tunnel.

Vimy Ridge Tunnel.

Vimy Ridge Tunnel.
One of the many haunted tunnels that exist in this world has a location in the city of Arras, France. This haunted tunnel has been a silent witness of the war that had occurred about 80 years ago. In wartime, the tunnel was built and used to attack German forces. Which makes this tunnel becomes increasingly sinister is this tunnel is a tunnel complex and also very dark. Because of the darkness, the traveler can easily get lost in the tunnel if it does not know the ins and outs of this tunnel. It bsia exacerbated when a flashlight is used to death.


Sensabaugh Tunnel.


Sensabaugh Tunnel.
Legend in Kingsport say that at that time there lived a man named Sensaubaugh. Sensaubaguh with her family to stay close to a tunnel. It is told that one day Sensaubaugh kill his entire family and threw her body into a small river in the tunnel. There is another story that says that Sensabaugh robbed by people who was helping. The robbers then fled while carrying her baby and throw it into the river.
Local residents said that if someone turned off the engine vehicle in the tunnel, then the machine will not be able to light up again. Inside the tunnel will also be the sound of children crying baby and the sound of footsteps.

Big Bull Tunnel.

Big Bull Tunnel.
If you're in Virginia, you can find one of the haunted tunnel named Big Bull Tunnel. The tunnels are used as train lines have proved to have a horror story that can make anyone afraid. Told that there used to be two of the workers are told meniggal tragically in a tunnel. Workers first discovered in 1901. ditewas hulled second worker died in a fall from a train in 1904.
Haunted stories of Big Bull Tunnel more famous in 1905. At that time there was a train that damaged the right front door of the tunnel. The machinist intend to give a warning across the tunnel. When the driver returned, he found two of his pale and trembling. 2 people it has told that they heard voices and a scream of pain from inside the tunnel.


Gold Camp Road Tunnel.

Gold Camp Road Tunnel.
Approximately 56 km of winding roads Gold Camp Road in Colorado there is a haunted tunnel, known as the Golad Camp Road Tunnel. For some reason there are so imaginatively give the name of the tunnel 1, 2, and 3 for the tunnel. Giving the name of the popularity for their horror stories is different each time entering the part of the tunnel.
Once used in 1987, there is a bus that contains a group of school children through the tunnel. But suddenly the tunnel collapsed, crushing and killing all who were in the bus. Told through the tunnel when the first and second, they would hear the laughter of little children. At the entrance to the third tunnel, people will hear a scream. And if successfully passed the third tunnel then the window of the vehicle will be visible scars palms.

MA The Hoosac Tunnel.

MA The Hoosac Tunnel.
Hoosac Tunnel is a tunnel for 40 years as the longest tunnel in North America. While the making of this tunnel, there have been many events such as the explosion in the mountain led to many workers were killed. Since the incident, the Hoosac Tunnel earned the nickname The Bloody Pit. The worst incident of the many events occurred on October 17, 1867 Where there is a steam leak causing a massive explosion and killing 195 people and also the project itself.
While the construction of tunnels and even then the workers said she heard a moan of pain from inside the tunnel at night. After some bad incident, that happened, many people see a ghost sightings workers. But the ghost workers were not evil. A man claiming to terselematkan of train accident since heard a whisper from inside the tunnel to warn him of the danger.

Church Hill Tunnel.

Church Hill Tunnel.
The tunnel is not only famous for his ghost stories, but also for their story about blood sucking creature, vampire. On October 2, 1925 as many as 200 workers were working in the tunnel. They were standing on a car that is pulled by a steam train. Suddenly the upper part of the tunnel collapsed, crushing the workers and closed the entrance to the tunnel. The incident killed and buried the workers in the tunnel. http://primadonablog.blogspot.com
A well-known inhabitants of the area called The Richmond Vampire located close to the grave is said to be the party of the workers eating corpses. This time the tunnel was closed and fenced. But often people around to hear a voice from inside the tunnel. Whether it's the sound of ghost workers or the sound of a vampire.

Screaming Tunnel.

Screaming Tunnel.
Built in the early 19th century, haunted tunnel is located near Niagara Falls. So many people who say they've seen a ghost sightings in the tunnel. Most of them said that the tunnel is haunted by the ghost of a woman. This woman will ghost story has many versions. Some say that the woman fled from the house fire and died in the tunnel. The other version is the story of a woman who was a murder victim who was dragged and burned in the tunnel.
The residents said that if we stand alone in the haunted tunnel, then we could hear the screams of the female soul of the deceased.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/03/haunted-tunnel.html
DatePublished: March 19, 2016 at 13:16
Tag : Haunted Tunnel.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Posted by: Bambang Sunarno
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Friday 18 March 2016

Secret CIA prisons.

Black Site is owned by the secret prisons the US intelligence agency CIA named. The prison became a place to hold and torture prisoners commonly called Ghost Prisoner. In place of the detainees would be tortured to obtain information needed by the CIA. There are several prisons in the world who used the CIA to torture prisoners.

Some of the CIA's secret prisons are:

Lithuania Antaviliai.

CIA secret prisons in Lithuania Antaviliai.
This property was purchased in 2004 by Elite LLC, a company that is already registered in Washington. According to local residents, they often see American contractor digging around the property, making something under the main building. In 2009, a former agent said that during beroperai in 1 CE, Antaviliai already a prisoner for eight suspected terrorists. In 2007, the property was sold by Elite LLC to the Lithuanian government. Since then, this place has become a practice of the Lithuanian army.

Romania Mihail Kogalniceanu Airport.

CIA secret prisons Romania Mihail Kogalniceanu Airport.
Mihail Kogalniceanu airport is located in southern Romania. In 2015, there were 2,227 flights that occurred at this airport. Which involves as many as over 63,000 passengers. The magnitude of these numbers make a lot of people are suspicious that there are some international criminals who take part in the flight that occurred at the airport.

Interrogation Centre Temara Morocco.

CIA secret prisons Interrogation Centre Temara Morocco.
A prison facility that is managed directly by the government of Morocco, can be found in the forest 14 km from the city of Rabat. In 2003, Morocco examined by the United Nations Committee for the torture cases. In 2004, Temara again experienced problems because of the torture cases contrary to human rights. In 2010, Americans made a formal statement that the Temara is the property of the Moroccan prison, but funded by the CIA. But the statement was immediately denied by the Moroccan government, saying that the prison has never existed.


Detention Site Green Thailand.

CIA secret prisons Detention Site Green Thailand.
No one expected that the CIA built a secret prison in the region, Thailand. Even the Thai government also strongly denied the existence of such prisons. But the actions taken by the CIA to delete 92 records against terrorist suspects recorded somewhere in Thailand even further reaffirmed that in Thailand there is a secret jail.

Bucharest Prison.

Bucharest CIA secret prisons. 
In Romania, the CIA has been known to have committed a number of torture against prisoners at a secret prison located in the basement. According to the news, the US government acknowledged that a secret prison was built and is operated under the supervision of the United States government. In prison is an Al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was arrested. Although these prisons remained in use until 2006, but not all prisoners were released. Only a few have returned to their home country. While detainees such as Mohammed was sent to Guantanamo Bay.

Camp Lemonnier Djibouti.

CIA secret prison Camp Lemonnier Djibouti.
Djibouti became a strategic place for US troops considering the place was very close to the area of ​​terrorists such as Somalia and Yemen. An unofficial report in 2014 revealed that this place is one of the many secret prisons owned by the CIA. Al Jazeera America said that they saw a lot of people were detained, interrogated and tortured.

Indian Ocean Diego Garcia.

CIA secret prisons Indian Ocean Diego Garcia.
Diego Garcia is an island in the Indian Ocean, 1,600 km from the south of India. And according to local people, the island has been claimed to belong to the British. Though Britain said that there is no such thing as "Ghost Prisoner" were detained on the island, in an interview in 2015, Lawrence Wilkersonyang an American army colonel said that Diego Garcia has become a prison for terrorist suspects. The terrorists abducted, detained and tortured for information.

Polish Countryside.

Countryside Police CIA secret prisons.
In 2003, the CIA built a secret prison in a small village in Stare Kiejkuty, Poland. In this prison the prisoners suffered sadistic torture to get information. This Saaty, the prison has been taken over by the Polish government and also now faced by the charges for being anti-constitution for having tolerance to some prisoners and some cases of torture that occurred in 2002.

The Salt Pit Afghanistan. 

CIA secret prisons The Salt Pit Afghanistan.
The CIA prison is also known as Cobalt. A former prison brick warehouse located in the north of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is known that the CIA to build this prison with the allocation of $ 200,000. A reputable news media in America, The Daily Beast had mentioned this prison as a "Sadistic CIA's Dungeon". This was revealed because given the prisoner mortality rate is very high there. The majority of the inmates died of hypothermia. Where detainees are often beaten, stripped naked and chained on the cold floor.

Camp Eagle Bosnia and Herzegovina.

CIA secret prison Camp Eagle Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 2005, there were 2 men Bosnia who told of their experiences while being held at Camp Eagle. They were kidnapped and accused of being a terrorist by the Bosnian army. Not only abused, but they both also repeatedly harassed by the soldiers. Then the second person questioned by Americans in civilian clothes who then released them with a guarantee of 500 USD. Both men were also threatened not to tell the public what they have experienced. Surely it can imagine what kind of torture they experienced.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/03/secret-cia-prisons.html
DatePublished: March 18, 2016 at 13:34
Tag : Secret CIA prisons.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Posted by: Bambang Sunarno
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Underground city loveliest.

Never imagined to live in a city that is located in the basement? Perhaps only in the movies fantasy only. But wait, in this world there are really underground cities and equally beautiful.

Cities under the ground are :

The City of Caves - Britain.

The City of Caves - Britain.
Broadmarsh Shopping Center in Nottingham, England. Perhaps at first glance is like a normal shopping center. But who would have thought that in the Mall there is an entrance that leads us to an underground city, City Of Caves.
This underground city was used as a place to stay start of the 11th century until 1984. Until now, archaeologists are still digging to find new caves. You can enter it through a complete tour with a guide.

Seattle Underground - USA.

Seattle Underground - USA.
In 1889 a great fire never happened in the city of Seattle, which destroyed the city. After the fire ended, the residents and the local government decided to build a new city under the ruins of the city of Seattle were consumed by fire.
We can get into the underground city of Seattle this through a tour provided, we can see the remains of the building as a place to stay and shopping is still quite intact and maintained.

Cappadocia - Turkey.

Cappadocia - Turkey.
A city founded in the 8th century it looked beautiful, like a work of art that is inscribed on a barren mountainside. Many people who enjoy the beauty of Cappadocia by using a hot air balloon, but on the inside is equally beautiful. Yes, the bottom land.
Derinkuyu, a cave in Cappadicia 60 meters which can accommodate 20,000 residents along with their daily needs. Nearly half of Derinkuyu open to tourists. You also can go to the next cave that is Kaymaklli, by passing through tunnels along the 8 Km.

Paris Catacombs - France.

Paris Catacombs - France.
Paris may just pretty on the outside, but the mysterious inside. Right in the underground city of Paris there are mass graves that hold thousands of human bones and skulls, dating from the years 1785-1860 during the French Revolution. This cemetery is named Paris Catacombs.
Intrepid travelers could enter the Paris Catacombs and explore the tunnels with a total length of 289 Km. Paris Catacombs located 20 meters below ground level.

Wieliczka - Poland.

Wieliczka - Poland.
Wieliczka salt mines in southern Krakow, Poland, has been around since the 13th century. You would not think there is an underground city as beautiful as this, like being in a building made of stone.
Wieliczka 3.2 Km elongated, yet only a 2% share of travelers that can be entered. Some things that can be seen among other statues, churches and cathedrals carved by the miners, and a large room with a chandelier made of salt.

Coober Pedy - South Australia.

Coober Pedy - South Australia.
Underground city in South Australia is inhabited by 3,000 residents. They actually lived in the basement complete with restaurants, hotels and shops. Coober Pedy is a production of Opal, one kind of precious stones, the world's largest. The local community then decided to work once lived underground.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/03/underground-city-loveliest.html
DatePublished: March 18, 2016 at 10:11
Tag : Underground city loveliest.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Posted by: Bambang Sunarno
www.Primo.com Updated at: 10:11