Sanskrit is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. This language also has the same status in Nepal.
Its position in the cultures of South Asia and Southeast Asia is similar to the position of Latin and Greek in Europe. Sanskrit evolved into many modern languages in the Indian subcontinent. This language appears in the form of pre-classic as the language of the Vedas. Rgweda contained in the book is the phase of the oldest and most arkhais. This text is thought to originate from approximately 1700 BC and Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-Aryan language of the oldest found and one member of the Indo-European language family which is the oldest.
Khazanah Sanskrit literature includes poetry that has a rich tradition, drama and also the texts of scientific, technical, philosophical, and religious. Currently Sanskrit is still widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu ceremonies in the form stotra and spells. Sanskrit language spoken is still used in some traditional institutions in India and there are even some attempt to revive Sanskrit.
Which will be discussed in this article is the Classical Sanskrit as reviewed the essay Panini Sanskrit grammar, in about 500 BC.
History.
Saṃskṛta- adjective meaning "cultured". The language referred to as saṃskṛtā VAK "language of culture" by definition has always been a language that is "high", used for religious purposes and scientific purposes and contrary to the language spoken by the common people. This language is also called deva-bhāṣā which means "language of gods". Sanskrit grammar is the oldest still preserved bouquet Pāṇini and entitled Aṣṭādhyāyī ("Grammar Eight Chapters") that more or less comes from the 5th century BC. This grammar is primarily a normative or prescriptive grammar which mainly regulate the use of standardized manner and not descriptive, although this grammar also contains descriptive parts especially regarding Vedic forms that are not used anymore in the days of Panini.Sanskrit including Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Together with the Iranian languages, including Sanskrit Indo-Iranian language family and is part of a group Satem language of Indo-European languages, which also includes the Balto-Slavic branch.
When the Sanskrit term emerged in India, this language is not seen as a distinct language from other languages, but primarily as a form of subtle or cultured in speech. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and language is mainly taught to members of higher castes, through a careful analysis of the grammar of Sanskrit linguist like Pāṇini. Sanskrit as the language of the educated in India are in addition to the languages Prakreta which is the language of the people and finally evolved into a language-modern Indo-Aryan languages (Hindi, Assamese language, Urdu, Bengali and so on). Most of the Dravidian languages of India, although a part of different language families, they are strongly influenced Sanskrit, especially in the form of loan words. Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam have the largest number of words uptake while Tamil has the lowest. The influence of Sanskrit on these languages recognized by the discourse of Tat Sama ("together") and Tat Bhava ("roots"). While the Sanskrit itself is also getting language Dravidian substratum influence since the very beginning.
Vedic Sanskrit.
Sanskrit Vedas or abbreviated as the language of the Vedas is the language used in the scriptures of the Vedas, the sacred texts of the start of India. The earliest Vedic texts that Ṛgweda, estimated to be written in the 2nd millennium BC, and the use of language of the Vedas implemented until approximately the year 500 BC, when the classical Sanskrit language was codified Panini begin to appear.Vedic form of Sanskrit is a close derivative of Proto-Indo-Iranian, and still pretty similar (with a difference of approximately 1,500 years) of Proto-Indo-Europa, which reconstructed the form language of all Indo-European languages. Vedic Sanskrit is the oldest language is still found on the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. The language is still very close to the language of Avesta, the sacred language of religion Zoroastrianism. Kinship between Sanskrit languages of more recent European languages such as Greek, Latin and English can be seen in the following words: Ing. mother / Skt. मतृ MATR or Ing. father / Skt. पितृ pitṛ.
Research by the Europeans.
Research Sanskrit by Europeans started by Heinrich Roth (1620-1668) and Johann Ernst Hanxleden (1681-1731), and continued with proposals Indo-European language family by Sir William Jones. It plays an important role in the development of comparative linguistics in the Western World.Sir William Jones, on the occasion of lecturing to Asiatick Society of Bengal in Calcutta, February 2, 1786, said:
"" Sanskrit, however old-fashioned it, has amazing structure; more perfect than Greek, more extensive than Latin and more refined and cultured than both, but has been linked more closely on both, either in the form of root words workplace or grammatical form, which can not happen just by chance; a very close relationship, so no one linguist who could examine all three, without believing that they arise from the same source, that possibility is not there. " "
Indeed, linguistics (along with phonology, etc.) First appeared among the ancient Indian grammarian who sought to establish laws Sanskrit. Modern linguistic science owes much to them and today many key terms such as bahuvrihi and devotion sounds taken from Sanskrit.
Some traits.
Case.
One of the major features of Sanskrit was a case in this language, which amounted to 8. In Latin were still allied there were only 5 cases. In addition there are three genders in Sanskrit, masculine, feminine and neuter and three mode number, singular, dual and plural:a). nominative
b). vocative
c). accusative case
d). instrumentalist case
e). dative case
f). ablative case
g). genitive
h). locative case
Examples Sanskrit writings.
Below is presented an example of all cases of a singular masculine word deva (god, God or King).Singular:
nom. devas meaning: "Gods"VOK. (he) deva meaning: "O Gods"
ak. devam meaning: "to god" and so on.
inst. devena meaning: "the gods" and so on.
dat. devāya meaning: "the Gods"
ab. devāt meaning "of the Gods"
gen. Devasya meaning: "Papa God"
lok. deve meaning: "in god"
Dualis:
nva Devauxida devābhyām
gl devayos
Plural:
nv DevasA Devan
i devais
da devebhyas
g Devanam
l deveṣu
The basic scheme deklensi suffixes to nouns and properties.
The basic scheme deklensi Sanskrit words for objects and properties are presented below.This scheme applies to most of the words.
Single Dualis Plural
Nominative: -s -au -as
(-m) (-i) (-i)
Accusative: -am -as -au
(-m) (-i) (-i)
Instrumentalists: -a -bhyām -bhis
Dative: -e -bhyām -bhyas
Ablative: -as -bhyām -bhyas
Genitive: -os -as -am
Locative: -i -os -sU
Vocative: -s -au -as
(-) (-i) (-i)
Principal-a.
Principal-a (/ ə / or / ɑː /) covers grades largest noun suffix. Usually words ending with short -a androgynous masculine or neuter. Nouns that end in -a long (/ ɑː /) almost always feminine. This class is great because it also includes the suffix -o from Proto-Indo-European.Sandhi law.
Additionally in Sanskrit obtained what is called the law of sandhi, a phonetic phenomenon in which two different sounds that can be assimilated adjacent.The formation of compound words.
Of compound words in Sanskrit is very widely used, especially the nouns. These words can be very long (more than 10 words). Nominal compound occurs in several forms, but morphologically they are actually the same. Each noun (or adjective) contained in the form of roots (weak form), with the final element are estimated according to the case.Some examples of nominal noun or compound including the categories be described below.
1. Avyayibhāva
2. Tatpuruṣa
3. Karmadhāraya
4. Dvigu
5. Dvandva
6. Bahuvrīhi
Sanskrit in some alphabet.
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/08/do-you-know-sanskrit.html
DatePublished: August 30, 2015 at 11:05
Tag : Do You Know Sanskrit.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW
