Isolated tribes in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a country that is very rich in diversity tribe, but many tribal in Indonesia which is isolated from the outside world. Tribe what the tribes in Indonesia?

Some information such as :

Kombai and Korowai tribe, Papua.

Perhaps many of you who have never heard of this tribe in Indonesia, because this tribe newfound existence 30 years ago. This tribe is the ethnic tribes living inland Papua's forests, and build their homes in the trees. Both of these tribes have cultural ritual that is almost the same one of which is still used as a penis sheath their clothes until now, although at the beginning of the discovery has been introduced to clothing. Aside from being a tribal isolated in Indonesia two tribes is also a cannibal tribe. They will eat one another as a form of punishment or used as the judicial system adopted by them.

Bedouins, in the district. Lebak Banten.

Bedouins or Kanekes tribe is indigenous in Banten. Despite living in a fairly central area in Indonesia, these tribes live their lives in seclusion and did not accept the modernization or development that comes from outside. Bedouin communities prefer to live independently in the surrounding mountains Kendeng with livelihood sourced from nature. Although isolated, the Bedouin community living in full harmony and mutual help.

Samin tribe, Central Java.

Samin tribe is tribal in Indonesia which is isolated and threatened with extinction. Samin tribe scattered areas Blora, Pati and parts of Bojonegoro. Samin tribe or also called wong this rikep choose to live in the woods in the mountains Kendeng, and away from the crowds of people. They prefer to live independently friends with nature without exploiting excessive and refused full government rules. The rejection of the government at this rate stems from the attitude of his predecessor Samin Surosinteko hard stance against capitalism and materialism of the Dutch government.

Sakai tribe Riau.

Sakai tribe is a tribe who live in the interior forests of Riau and is a descendant of Minangkabau society. This tribe became one tribal isolated in Indonesia because of their living habits moving through the forest and no one knows what the exact number of people this Sakai tribe. Sakai tribe chose intact forests as their residence and survive by farming and farming. But the habits of people who are sedentary life in the forest, and as the decreasing forest area due to conversion of forest lands to make the tribal community sakai trouble finding a place to stay and loss of livelihood, making space for sakai rate in Indonesia is increasingly limited.

Polahi tribe, Gorontalo.

Polahi tribe is a group of nomadic people or move from one forest to another forest and pick up the jungle Bolihato, Gorontalo as a residence. Because they live in the depths of the wilderness beyond the reach of the outside world, including tribal polahi rate far behind and more primitive than the other tribes in the jungle of Indonesia. Because of the remoteness of the outside world, yet familiar polahi tribal clothing, they do not know the day even religion.

Sea Tribe, Riau Islands.

This tribe is often called Sea People, Sea tribe is a tribe that inhabits two thousand plow more islands in the Riau Islands, Indonesia. Geographically, the Sea Tribe living in the territory that became the gates of Indonesia in the Northwest banks of the country, directly adjacent to the Strait of Malacca and Singapore. In broader terms Orang Laut include "various tribes and groups settled in the islands and estuaries in the Riau-Lingga, Island of the Seven, Batam Islands, and coastal areas and islands off the coast of East Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula to the south. "

Suku Anak Dalam, Jambi

Kubu is also known as People or People Rimbo. Is one of the tribes living in the interior forests of Sumatra, precisely in the Jambi administration. Suku Anak Dalam live in dense forests, in groups, and often move depending on where there is a food source. They had been maintaining the life of hunting and farming, some are selling their garden into a modern community living in villages outside the forest.

Tribe Mentawai, West Sumatra

Are groups of people who live and fill the area Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra Province. Mentawai tribe including tribes living country bebatasan edge region directly by the sea off the Indian Ocean in the South West. Mentawai tribe settled in the four major islands namely Sibora Mentawai Islands, Siberut, North Pagai and South Pagai. To this day generations, the Mentawai tribe living in the apparent simplicity of the way they dress and their home form made of wood.

Togotil tribe, Halmahera

Known also as the Tribe Tobelo, living in a group / ethnic communities that live in the forests are nomadic forest Totodoku, Tukur-Tukur, Lolobata, Kobekulo, and Buli included in Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, North Halmahera, North Maluku , they rely entirely on native forests on the banks of the country selected areas directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. Their houses are still made of wood, bamboo and palm leaf roofed kind Livistonia sp.

Bauzi tribe, Papua

Often referred to by researchers from outside as people Baudim be one of the approximately 260-an indigenous people who still inhabit the Land of Papua. This tribe according to the Central Bureau of Statistics included in the list's 20 tribes that have been identified. They live in a landscape of Papua are still original. The extent of wilderness, mountains, valleys, swamps until the large rivers that cut through winding nan Mamberamo region has made the tribe Bauzi increasingly isolated from modern civilization.

No one can escape the fact that modern Indonesia is Indonesia which is the larger islands. Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali, Indonesia and Borneo is a modern picture with all social progress, economic, and development. Outside the big island that can not be called a modern Indonesia, because it is clear for decades of development in this country always lame. The region closest to the capital will be more grand and luxurious, but the other areas are in remote and inhabited by remote tribes become increasingly marginalized and excluded.

The lack of proper education and good infrastructure, making a variety of remote tribes in Indonesia retain their marginal lives, far from worthy of modern living standards. Here are a handful of tribes in Indonesia are in fact still there and still coexist with nature.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/isolated-tribes-in-indonesia.html
Published Date: December 20, 2015 at 16:37

Tag : Isolated tribes in Indonesia.
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Freeport Indonesia.

PT Freeport Indonesia is an affiliate company of Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. PT Freeport Indonesia mining, processing and exploration of the ore containing copper, gold, and silver. Operating in the plateau area in Mimika district, Papua province, Indonesia. Freeport Indonesia market concentrates containing copper, gold and silver all over the world.

History.

Beginning of PT Freeport Indonesia stands, in fact, a unique travel story to be known. In 1904-1905 a private institution of Dutch Koninklijke Nederlandsche Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (Knag) the Institute of Geography of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, organized an expedition to Papua Southwestern whose main purpose is to visit the Snow Mountains that is said in the Land of Papua.
The first record of the snow mountains is of Captain Johan Carstensz who travels with two ships Aernem and Pera to the "south" in 1623 in the waters south of Papua, suddenly far - inland saw the sparkle of snow and noted in his diary on February 16, 1623 in the mountains of "very high" that the parts covered by snow. Note Carsztensz this is offensive friends who think Carstensz only imagined.
Although the Knag first expedition failed to find an iceberg which was mentioned in the diary of Captain Carstensz, this is the forerunner of the Dutch great attention to the area of ​​Papua. Map of Papua were first made of the results of the military expedition to this area in 1907 to 1915. These military expeditions then raise the desire of the civilian scientists to climb and reach the mountains of snow.
Some well-known Dutch expedition led by Dr. HA.Lorentz and Captain A. Franzen Henderschee. All is done with the goal to reach the top of Wilhelmina (Peak Sudirman now) at an altitude of 4.750 meters. Name Lorentz later immortalized in the name of Lorentz National Park in the Asmat region on the south coast.
In mid 1930, two young Dutch Colijn and Dozy, both are employees of oil companies who are planning the implementation NNGPM their aspirations to reach the top Cartensz. Adventure they then become the first step for opening mines in Papua forty years later.
In 1936, Jean Jacques Dozy discovered reserves Hertzberg called mountain ores, and data on these rocks were brought to the Netherlands. After a long period Meet a Jan Van Gruisen - Managing Director of the company Oost Maatchappij, which exploit coal in East Kalimantan and Sulawesi Tengggara with old friends Forbes Wilson, head of exploration at the company's Freeport Sulphur Company, which operates mainly when it is mined sulfur under basic sea. Then Van Gruisen managed to convince Wilson to fund an expedition to the mountains of ore as well as taking samples of rock and analyze it and make an assessment.
In the early period of the Soeharto government, the government took measures to immediately perform a variety of concrete steps in order to improve economic development. But with limited national economic conditions after the replacement power, the government immediately take strategic steps by issuing Foreign Capital Act (Act No. 1 of 1967).
Freeport supreme leader at that time named Langbourne Williams saw an opportunity to continue the project Hertzberg. He met Julius Tahija that at the time of the President to lead the company Texaco and continued meeting with General Ibnu Sutowo, who at the time served as the Minister of Mines and Petroleum Indonesia. Core in the meeting was a request that the project can continue Freeport Hertzberg. Finally the results of the meeting for the sake of a long meeting Freeport obtain permission from the government to continue the project in 1967. That First Freeport Contract of Work (COW-I). The work contract is carried Julius promotional material Tahija to introduce Indonesia abroad and his first mission is to promote policies to Australia's Foreign Investment.
Before 1967 the Timika area is wilderness. Freeport began operating at the beginning, many people who initially scattering began to enter into the area around the Freeport mine in Timika that population growth increased. In 1970 the government and Freeport jointly build homes decent KAMUKI road. Then constructed also housing residents around the south airport which is now the town of Timika.
In 1971 Freeport build airport Timika and center of supplies, then also build major roads as access to mines and roads in remote areas as access to villages in 1972, President Soeharto named the city which was built in stages by Freeport with the name of Tembagapura. In 1973 Freeport appointed chief representative for Indonesia as well as the first president of Freeport Indonesia. Is Ali Budiardjo, whose background has served as the Secretary of Defense and Director of National Development in the 1950s, the husband of Miriam Budiarjo which also plays a role in several negotiations the independence of Indonesia, as the secretary of the delegation talks Linggarjati and delegates in Renville agreement.

The work contract.

History of the work contract.

1936 - Jacques Dozy discovered reserves 'Hertzberg'.
1960 - Expedition Forbes Wilson to rediscover 'Hertzberg'.
1967 - COW I (Freeport Indonesia Inc.) is valid for 30 years since it began
            operations in 1973.
1988 - Freeport Grasberg discovered reserves. A large investment and high risk,
            requiring a long-term investment guarantee.
1991 - Contract of Work II (PT Freeport Indonesia) valid for 30 years with the
           production period will end in 2021, as well as the possible extension of
           2x10 years (until 2041).

An area.

Exploration KK-A = 10,000 Ha
Exploration KK-B = 202 950 ha
The total area is 212 950 ha =
The total area of ​​KK Block B area of ​​212 950 hectares last only a 7.8% of the total area of ​​exploration in 1991.
1991 = 2.6 million hectares
2012 212 950 Ha

Investment.

8.6 billion with an estimated additional investment of USD 16-18 billion for underground development in the future.
94% of the total investment of a copper mine in Indonesia
30% of total investment in Papua
5% of the total investment in Indonesia
Source: Data last MP3EI until 2012.

Proved reserves.

2.52 billion tonnes of ore:
0.97 grams / ton of copper
0.83 grams / tonne gold
4.13 grams / tonne silver

State revenues.

PT Freeport Indonesia has paid the corporate income tax rate is higher than the law now in effect. These payments constitute the largest portion of the payment to the state revenue. National Income Tax Act 25% while 35% corporate income tax PTFI. Since 1999, PTFI has voluntarily undertake additional royalty payments for copper, gold and silver if production exceeds a certain level approved.

Production.

40% concentrate products PTFI sent to PT Smelting Gresik PTFI build copper smelting plant (smelter) in Indonesia, namely PT Smelting in 1998. We market concentrates at market prices based on long-term contracts with a number of international smelters, and will continue to respect contracts The.

Divestment.

PTFI fully supports the national spirit which was initiated in the Mining Law and have been consistently applied it. Currently 18.72% before the deluded than 20%, PTFI shares owned by the Government of Indonesia and PT Indocopper Investama 9.36% respectively. Related to the IPO, PTFI welcomed the idea and are conducting assessments.

Sustainable development.

All notions of community development programs PTFI should be preceded by an understanding of the history of Papua. First PTFI operations in 1967, the people of Papua is a pre-modern society. At that time, the people there have the level of literacy is very low, prone to outbreaks of diseases such as malaria, and live in poverty. The remote location and difficult terrain make the situation less conducive taken.
Therefore, PTFI community development program focused on helping local communities to build a sustainable economic program, improve literacy, provide vocational training, and conduct adequate health programs.

Investment.

USD 110.9 million investment in sustainable development programs in Papua during 2012.
USD 68.14 million program of social development through operational funds.
USD 39.36 million community development program through funding partnerships.
Plus USD 600 million investment in social infrastructure that benefit local communities directly (schools, hospitals, boarding students).

Local business development.

Small business income in 2012: Rp 91,100,000,000
Fostering business development for around 220 small and medium enterprises as well as local businesses and create over 1,000 jobs for local people.
Rotating funds from Yayasan Bina Mandiri Utama (YBUM) in 2012 was US $ 6.9 billion. Since the beginning, Rp35,3 billion of business loans have been provided to 220 businesses. 112% payment of the loan.
Coaching is done with the 317 fishermen in 19 villages, in collaboration with the Diocese of Mimika. Production of 57.5 tons of fish catches.
Annual sales Jayasakti Mandiri Foundation (Poultry SP IX and XII) of Rp 19.9 billion. YJM employs more than 472 workers from Papua.
Until December 2012, a total of 227 farmers in five villages Kamoro partners and 24 partner farmers in the village of New Utikini and Wangirja receive training aid, seeds, mentoring and marketing of vegetables.
A total of 92 farmers participated in the organic coffee shop Moanemani and Wamena, as well as the extension of the organic certification from the Rainforest.

Health programs.

The largest provider of hospital services for the community Timika with more than 156 860 outpatient and inpatient care at two hospitals. 1,338,806 patients have been served at RS Mitra Society in 1999-2012. 303 459 patients have been served at RS Waa Banti years 2002-2012.
Community Public Health and Malaria Control PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI-CPHMC) in collaboration with LPMAK, KPA Mimika and Health Office of AIDS volunteers provide training to 39 people from the Seven Tribes in SP 9, SP 12, Pomako, Nawaripi and Kwamki Lama.
CPHMC do counseling and HIV & AIDS counseling to 17,000 adults and adolescents in Mimika and distributed about 20 345 condoms.
The number of participants socialization and health education in 2012 by CPHMC reached 130 335 with a variety of topics such as: nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, environmental hygiene, and health of mother and child.
Involved in the preparation of the district strategic plan for malaria prevention and strategic plans of drinking water and sanitation (WSS).
The number of TB cases were found in TB clinics run CPHMC decreased by 11%. It is estimated that efforts to socialize the approach to treatment through DOTS (Direct Observe treatement Shortcourse), training for 24 officers puskesmas, pustu and midwives in six villages, as well as training the handling of TB patients for 16 cadres PMO (Supervisory Drinking Drugs) can have a positive impact TB control.
Decrease the number of TB cases in the clinic CPHMC by 11%.
Education programs [Edit | edit source]
Training and development is carried out at the Institute of Mining Nemangkawi, the competency-based training center that provides apprenticeship development, especially for participants from Papua.
3,800 apprentices
90% of students Papuans
10% of non-Papuans
1,800 students already working in PTFI and contractor Graduate Development Program to recruit the best graduates of the University. Until now, the program enrolled 631 and 374 have been employed. 20% of them are sons of Papua.
Until 2012, the Institute Amungme and Kamoro Community Development (LPMAK) through a partnership fund has provided scholarships to 8772 students. Since the inception of this program, 3,697 students from high school through graduate program has passed. In 2011, LPMAK provide scholarships pelajat active for primary school up to university students.

Participants Scholarship LPMAK based tribes.
44% Amungme (269)
19% Kamoro (107)
4% Damal (24)
6% Dani (44)
11% Mee (66)
7% Moni (48)
6% Nduga (38)
2% other Papua (15)
1% Affairs of Papua (7)

Graduation based on the level of study.
SMU / SMK 59%
D-3 9%
S-1 30%
S-2 2%

Graduation graduate level based on field of study.
31% Social (8)
4% Engineering (1)
27% Economy (7)
38% Other (10)
In 2006 IPN cooperate with polytechnic Semarang Business Administration launched an internship program D3. A number of 36 participants have graduated in the 2008-2009 school year and 24 participants are following the program in the academic year 2010-2012. Master of Business Administration program in cooperation with SBM-ITB was launched in 2007. The 40 participants have graduated in July 2009, six of which came from Papua. 2nd generation started in 2009 that is still in progress with the number of participants by 35 employees, seven of which came from Papua.

Employment.

PTFI policy is to provide equal employment opportunities to the entire community. PT Freeport Indonesia also upholds the rights of workers in accordance with applicable law in Indonesia. PTFI also has a commitment to protect human rights and has expressly enact and enforce human rights policies in the company.
PT Freeport Indonesia has a commitment and a strong and assertive policy towards Human Rights. A commitment to provide opportunities for social development, education, and economics expressed through social labor laws and human rights policies.
In 2012, PT Freeport Indonesia employs more than 11,700 direct employees and more than 12,400 employees of contractors.
Number of employees directly PTFI: 64.04% Non Papua, Papua 34.63%, and 1.33% Foreign.
Number of employees PTFI + Company partners and contractors, including Nemangkawi Mining Institute (IPN): Indonesia 97.8%, 2.20% Foreign.
Since 1996 the company has doubled the number of employees Papua. In 10 years, the number of Papuan employees in staff levels increased four-fold, the number of staff employees of Papua at 6x folding supervisor level.
Papuan employees holding management strategic function in PTFI: 5 Vice President and 36 Managerial Board.
In 2003 built Nemangkawi Mining Institute (IPN) to provide an opportunity develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes as well as behaviors that professionals in the field and supporting operations. 3-year apprenticeship program with the 4-month study period off the job and 8 months on the job. IPN follow the national standards and regulations of the EMR as well as other international standards.
3,800 Students apprenticeship
20 type of skills
90% of students Papuans
1800 Students already working in PTFI and contractor
Increase female staff at PTFI employees and contractors: 12% in 2003 and increased to 13.5% in 2012
PTFI strive to create a safe working environment, and we make "Safety as a culture" in the organization PTFI. PTFI has the best record in the natural resources industry, but most importantly for PTFI are not accidents.

Environmental management.

All industries, including mining, having environmental impacts can not be avoided, both in the positive and negative impacts, resulting in an exchange between the environmental benefits and environmental impact. The Indonesian government decided that the mine is very important for the economic development of Indonesia, and the government has set up how PTFI run this project in order to provide economic benefits desired by Indonesia, as far as possible while reducing the negative impact on the environment. PTFI also committed to rehabilitate the affected areas when the area is no longer used for operating activities.

Standardization, audit, and certification.

The first mining company in Indonesia which is certified by ISO 14001. Certification System ISO 14001 for 10 years continuously.
Adopting the principles of Sustainable Development Framework of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM).
Triennial independent external auditing environmental management PTFI conducted since 1996.
Extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI) Commitment companies disclose all income and payments in the countries where we operate.
Environment Annual Internal Audit Conducted by consultants (Crescent Technology) and the parent company (Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold.)
PROPER Audit and Inspection of Environmental Mining. Following the audit and inspection of the Government of Indonesia.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and other formats. Being a reporting standard implementation of sustainable development.
Independent audits of PT Freeport Indonesia's environmental management system concludes that the overburden management programs "highly integrated" and "consistent and international practice".
Certification "Wildlife at work" from the Wildlife Habitat Council - USA (2011) on the various programs of reclamation and biodiversity. This certification indicates that PTFI contribute to the preservation of wildlife habitat in the work area PTFI.
Ecological Risk assesement (ERA) to assess the impact of sand tailings deposition system (tailings) in ModADA on human health, aquatic life, plants and wildlife. PTFI ERA study is the largest study carried out by private companies, and the results were presented to stakeholders in 2002.
Quality at the point of compliance sand tailings (tailings) and third point of compliance at sea have met the quality standards set by the government, according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 431/2008 on the management of tailings in ModADA.
Timika Environmental Laboratory (TEL) registered with the Ministry of Environment in 2010 as the Environmental Reference Laboratory where sampling (sampling) is included in the scope of accreditation.
Management of sand tailings (tailings) [Edit | edit source]
Prevention and control of rock acid water implemented in an integrated manner. PTFI grouping types of rock overburden and put selectively so as to minimize the formation of acid rock water. Rocks occurring acidic water is collected and made rock acid water neutralization by adding lime.
Extension of Time Mine MoU use of sand (tailings) as a construction material inftrastruktur development. The provincial government of Papua and Freeport have extended the MoU in 2011 for the use of sand tailings as construction materials in building provincial infrastructure and residual sand mining has also been used as a construction material in the construction of roads and bridges in the Mimika. As part of the implementation of the MoU, PTFI has taken delivery of more than 460,000 m3 of tons of tailings as construction materials to Merauke, various development projects in Timika and Freeport project area.
The quality of the compliance point and 3 point compliance tailings at sea have met the quality standards set by the government, according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 431/2008 regarding the Tailings Management in ModADA.
Environmental management and monitoring costs in 2012 amounted to USD 101 million and continues to rise from previous years.

Reclamation.

PTFI reclamation plan is based on 5 years of PTFI's reclamation plan which has been approved by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
In 2012, PT Freeport Indonesia has 30.1 ha reclamation area of ​​overburden, so the total area of ​​the mine that has reclaimed an area of ​​291 hectares; 14.2 ha area deposition of sand tailings (tailings) so that the total deposition area is an area that has been reclaimed 659 hectares; 6.8 Ha coastal areas, bringing the total area that has been reclaimed coastal area of ​​74 hectares. Planted more than 68,000 mangrove trees as a continuation of the 2004-2009 program.
Conducted a study on the reclamation of tailings and the establishment of demonstration plots in the area of ​​the tailings deposit indicates that the tailings can be revegetated and replanted with local crops or agricultural forest. In fact, natural colonization occurs rapidly. When mining has been completed, the tailings deposition area will be reclaimed by a suitable technique determined through consultations with various stakeholders, taking into account the environmental and social impacts.
Mercury and cyanide are not used PTFI. PTFI using a flotation process to separate the minerals containing copper and gold from the rock and produces no hazardous waste and toxic materials in the primary process.
Operates 3 landfill disposal and processing plant 10 ten Installation of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) domestic. PTFI has obtained a permit to discharge waste water to the entire WWTP located in the work area PTFI. In accordance with the requirements set forth in the license granted, monitoring and reportedly conducted regularly.
Send 2,439 tons of waste B3 of supporting activities such as workshops, magic house, laboratory tests and other supporting activities to PPLI (Prasadha Pamunah Industrial Waste) Cibinong, PT Wastec-Cilegon and other recycler for processing and further disposal.

Vegetation.

Have been planted inside and outside areas of the company as part of the program One Billion Indonesian Trees (OBIT) as many as 3 million tree seedlings.
Collecting 157,000 seedlings of local plants for reclamation at the site of mining activities.
135 types of plants managed to grow in soil containing sand tailings (tailings) More than 500 species of plants grow naturally in soil tailings. Monitoring of natural succession continues with the involvement of the State University of Papua.
Collect and analyze more than 15,000 environmental samples with more than 160,000 individual analysis per year.

Recycle.

The production of compost from organic waste as much as 256 tons. Approximately 136 tons of used batteries are sent to a recycling plant. Biodiesel project was inaugurated and put into operation. The raw material for biodiesel derived from cooking oil leftover messhall. Biodiesel produced is used as a vehicle fuel mix some light in the work area PTFI.

Environmental education.

Educating 3,413 students, 1 685 youth and 23 apprentice knowledge and awareness about the environment. PTFI contribute to environmental education curriculum in primary and secondary education in Mimika.
PTFI matter of environmental management system is also given in the annual refresher training which is held in conjunction with the training K3. Until the end of this year, employees who have been trained are as many as 13 745 people. Environmental training was also conducted for new employees in training programs New Hire and Specific Induction to the area where the employees are encouraged to be working. Until the end of the year, training has been attended by 8517 employees.
Organizing sustainable natural program which is a collaboration with the Department of Education & Culture (P & K) Mimika, Badang Environment (BLH) Mimika, Jayawijaya Education Foundation (YPJ) and the Contractor. Alam Lestari program aims to build awareness and knowledge about the environment, creating environmental awareness and the search for an environmental ambassador for Mimika.
SMP YPJ in Kuala Kencana award from the Ministry of Environment as the National School Adiwiyata (ECO-School) on June 7, 2011 in Jakarta. PTFI also continue to assist the local junior high school in Timika to prepare for Ecoschool program in 2012.
Published a series of books on Biological Diversity: "The Freshwater Fish of the Timika Region, New Guinea", "The Birds of Mimika", "The Butterflies of Mimika", "Biodiversity of Papua", "Freshwater crustacean" and "Mangrove Estuary Crabs".
As part of its environmental conservation program, especially flora and fauna, PTFI cooperate with the Center for Conservation of Natural Resources Papua region (BBKSDA) and the Animal Rescue Center Cikananga has unleashed animals endemic to Papua habitat.

Contributions Freeport Indonesia.

As Indonesia's long-term partner that contributes to the growth of the national economy and local communities, Freeport Indonesia has invested US $ 7.7 billion in infrastructure over 45 years in Indonesia.
Based on research conducted by the University of Indonesia, until recently PTFI effort represents 1.59% of all economic activity in Indonesia with 300,000 Indonesian employees and their families depend on for their survival PTFI. PTFI also intends to continue to invest and become part of Indonesia for long periods of time.

The contribution and role of PT Freeport Indonesia for the country :

Providing employment for approximately 24,000 people in Indonesia (PTFI employees consists of 69.75% national employees; 28.05% of Papuan employees, and 2.2% of foreign employees).
Planting Investments> USD 8.5 billion to build the company and social infrastructure in Papua, with plans significant investments in the future.
PTFI has purchased> USD 11.26 Billion domestic goods and services since 1992.
In a period of four years, PTFI has contributed more than USD 37.46 billion and is scheduled to contribute more to the government of Indonesia to more than USD 6.5 billion in the next four years in the form of taxes, dividends and royalty payments ,
Direct financial benefits to the Indonesian government within a period of four years is 59%, the rest to the parent company (FCX) 41%. This exceeds the amount paid PTFI when operating in other countries.
LPEM-UI study on the impact multiplier effect of PTFI operations in Papua and Indonesia in 2011: 0.8% of Indonesia's GDP, 45% to GDP of Papua Province, and 95% to GDP Mimika.
Tax paying 1.7% of the national budget Indonesia.
Finance> 50% of all contributions to community development programs through the mining sector in Indonesia.
Forming 0.8% of all household income in Indonesia.
Forming 44% of household income in the province of Papua.

Smelter.

Mining Law establishes the obligation CoW holders who are in the production period to perform processing / refining in the country. The provisions contained in the Contract of Work PTFI has included the obligation to conduct a feasibility study on the establishment of smelters in the country. Therefore PTFI has built the first copper smelting facility in Indonesia, located in Gresik.
PT Smelting Gresik is the first copper smelter in Indonesia. Established in 1996 in which the required fee at the time of USD 750 Million. PT Smelting Gresik owned by PT Freeport Indonesia and a Japanese consortium, and operated by Mitsubishi. PTFI supplying an average of 80% of the concentrate requirements PT Smelting.

The negative impact and controversy PT Freeport Indonesia.

Perception: During PTFI mining since its establishment has been a lot of environmental damage that actually occurred in the area of ​​Papua. Heavy metal polluted river until permanent damage to the forest around the mining is destructive of the rich biodiversity in Indonesia. Indirect impact is also detrimental to the people who lived on the river in Papua.

Fact:

Mining conducted by PTFI managed in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) which was approved by the Government. PTFI continues to evaluate the potential impacts of mining operations through measurement of water quality, biology, hydrology, sediments, air quality and meteorology continuously.

Perception:

A total of approximately 300,000 tons / day waste generated and disposed of the mines by the American company to the forest and rivers, causing the death of animals and plants as well as the poisoning of people who depend on the environment in Papua. Environmental degradation is not so noticed by the American PTFI such as unfavorable to the company.

Fact:

PTFI very cautious and implement a strict system of regulation of tailings and all aspects of its operations that have an impact on the environment. The environmental impact of the activities of PTFI is overburden (overburden) and tailings. Therefore, the management of PT Freeport Indonesia's main environmental focus on two things. Prevention efforts conducted by mixing the acid water in the form of limestone overburden with overburden that could potentially produce enough acid proportions. To minimize the impact, tailings flowed into the lowland and deposited between two levees. As soon as possible, deposition of tailings will be reclaimed.

Perception:

Local communities only used as workers with wages that are not in accordance with the profit made by PTFI per year. Hundreds of thousands of tons of ore gold, silver, and copper is produced and brought to the United States are taken from the State Indonesia without a positive impact for the local community. No improvement in the quality of education, employment, or income derived from the presence of PT Freeport Indonesia's Papua community in Indonesia. With millions of tons of mining products, there is no infrastructure for local communities.

Fact:

In 2012, PT Freeport Indonesia employs more than 11,700 direct employees and more than 12,400 employees of contractors. Number of employees directly PTFI: 64.04% Non Papua, Papua 34.63%, and 1.33% Foreign. Freeport Indonesia policy is to continue to hire more employees coming from Papua. Freeport Indonesia establish Nemangkawi Mining Institute, a high school to prepare personnel from Papua skilled labor to work in the area of ​​the company. The school has educated and trained thousands of young Papuans where this time they have worked at PT Freeport and various contractors and privatization.

Perception:

Local community life is also threatened by the presence of American PTFI, because people who are not employees PTFI could be expelled, even if the firing approaching the mining area without permission. although the people of Papua only forest products Around PTFI.

Fact:

No expulsion of the owners of customary rights. Customary rights Amungme and Kamoro protected and enforced by an agreement signed by PTFI and the two parts in 1974, 1997, 2000 and 2001 whose implementation is still underway today. Under the agreement, the two tribes get help in the construction of housing, places of worship, multifunctional buildings and other infrastructure as well as the Trust Fund. Until January 2012, the number of Trust Funds paid to the two tribes PTFI is USD 29.9 million.

Perception:

Countries harmed by the presence of PT Freeport Indonesia. As many millions of tons of ore Gold, Silver, and Copper mined from Papua, the country only get at most 10% of the profits earned by PTFI. Because PTFI perform purification in the country of origin is the United States.

Fact:

If you take into account royalties, taxes, and dividends, within a period of four years, the government has received a contribution of more than USD 6 billion and is scheduled to receive more up to more than USD 6.7 billion. If seen from a comparison between the portion accruing to the Government through the payment of taxes, dividends and royalties compared with shareholders PTFI, the higher the government's share, or approximately 55% compared to 45% earned by shareholders of Freeport McMoRan (FCX).

Perception:

PTFI not heed the safety of its workers are people of Papua themselves. it is evident during a mine collapse at the end of 2012, there is no serious treatment of PTFI for victims (and families). Even the visits of ministers and relevant agencies to investigate cases, hampered by the Chairman of PT Freeport Indonesia, so that further investigations can not be done.

Fact:

PTFI worker safety is a priority. Compensation for the families left behind already PTFI to convey to the family, which includes compensation that is required by the provisions of the Employment Act. Compensation contained in the Collective Labour Agreement (CLA), compensation based on company policy, Social Security, pension funds, superannuation, insurance, education for your son / I left up to the university level. There is no rejection of the visit the minister / agencies to conduct an investigation.

Perception:

PTFI tried to bribe officials to add money tired (gratuities) to guard mining factory of the local community.

Fact:

PTFI provide voluntary support to personnel and units of police and military security that is based legislation to support PTFI as Vital National. Most of the support in the form of food, and health care facilities, accommodation and land and air transportation. PTFI doing so also to ensure the safety and security of employees and family is their top priority.

Perception:

Work Contract Extension PT Freeport Indonesia will only harm the community, the nation, and the State for decades to come. PTFI contract extension is a form of government indifference to the eastern part of the Indonesian people for decades to come.

Fact:

Donations by PT Freeport Indonesia to the people of Papua, especially the people who are around the mining area in Mimika outstanding. One of these schools teach children native Amungme and Kamoro from various regions in the interior was built by the Institute of Amungme and Kamoro Community Development (LPMAK), a nonprofit institution that manages funds partnerships of PT Freeport.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/freeport-indonesia.html
Published Date: December 17, 2015 at 19:21

Tag : Freeport Indonesia.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

When Managed Indonesia.

This Crazy Will Happen If Everyone Belongs Gold Freeport Indonesia.

Freeport management issue is still a sensitive subject in this country. Not only about the history of the early development of the mine is said to drag the issue of conspiracy heavyweight, but also issued an American company promises to improve the lives of the people of Indonesia, especially the people of Papua, which seems to be less noticeable in practice.

Freeport began plugging drill-drill sharply in 1967 through a contract of work I realized in 1973. Then was extended in 1991 and is still renegotiation with the government that if a deal then they will come back to bite Papua until 2041 to come. About the duration, the company that has existed since the colonial era nearly 46 years bring minerals such as gold, silver, copper and so on from Timika.

Now let's calculations of how much they had taken from the start of operation until now. Experts say if at least annually Freeport transporting 1 million ounces of gold. Of this amount then we convert to grams, is then multiplied by the number of years of operation (42 years) and also gold exchange, let alone worth Rp 300 thousand. Intrigued by the final figures were obtained? Rp 357 trillion! This is only a rough number and could be even more if you count carefully.

Imagine if since the beginning of the world's largest mining management in the hands of the government. Maybe row following a crazy thing will become a reality.

1. Indonesia Richer From Brunei.

    Brunei is not bigger than Java, but they are much more a matter of prosperity
    of Indonesia. This country has a per capita gross domestic product numbers
    five in the world and finished fifth richest country thanks to its crude oil.
    In Southeast Asia alone it is clear they are the most prosperous.

Freeport in hand, Indonesia also will be more prosperous than Brunei.
Only armed with crude oil could this crazy Brunei. What would happen if Indonesia has a gold mine which is actually a more significant price of crude oil? Do not ask, perhaps people of Indonesia have no begging again. Live all-sufficient and filling houses with the groceries. Yes, in the end we were able will stand equal with other rich countries and became the most can survive at a time when the wheels of the global economy is not as clear as it is today.

2. Each Life Got Gold Savings.

    Thousands of tons of gold exploited through Freeport, unfortunately not one
    gram was our once sprayed. Yet in truth, it is our right since the beginning.
    Unfortunately, the inability of the state to manage its own resources should
    eventually it
    Such ensued. If only the country could from the beginning to privatize
    Freeport.
    Not just sprayed, we would be drenched in gold.

Gold had 4 kilograms. How does it feel.
If all the gold-gold divided Freeport, may each soul will miss at least 4-5 kilograms. What dreams do not work can be so much gold? If made par with money, multiply 4 kilograms with the current gold price of about Rp 474 thousand per gram. Please widened as much as USD 1.8 billion of money we get for free.

3. Large Cities in Indonesia Bakal As Dubai.

    Dubai has become a common sight to see a row of cars
    luxury. Well, if the government managed Freeport scenario occurs, it is also
    will probably happen here. With Rp 1.8 billion per head, what
    can not be done?

A view like this may be we will meet if Freeport managed 100 percent by the government

Maybe some people will spend their money to buy luxury cars at least Rp 500 million to Rp 1 billion. As a result, the streets in the cities will be jammed with rows of luxury cars to the upper middle class. Some may be buying a Harley Davidson that exorbitant price it and began to establish clubs whose members HD high school kids. Cool, right?

4. Beggars and street children will not be instantaneous.

    With the economic level of each person who was already in the top strata
    poverty, will there still beggars or buskers? Does not seem.
    Perhaps they are no longer found. Yes, they may have
    establishing distros clothes, restaurants, or any attempt to get
    enjoy life more. Of course all of this armed with the gold obtained from
    Freeport earlier.

We will no longer meet even the beggars like this in the streets.
Because there are no more poor people, the problem that arises is that we have no longer for alms-i. Until at last we begin to target alms to humanitarian organizations international level as a solution. As a result, Indonesia is not only known as the richest country, but also the most generous.

5. No Longer Against Government cynical.

    State is the responsible party for the people. On the side
    The economic case is also included because it was contained in the legislation.
    And as we know, the middle to lower it so
    hopeful of the government. Either about the economy, health and well
    education. The government may have done the best. However, it seems
    less than the maximum so cynical here and there could not be avoided.

Society more stable economy and no longer his name sarcastically quipped to the government.
When people have had a financial grip in the form of golden rain Freeport before, it is no longer like this. Living standards rise, people increasingly independent. They can get the best education and health care to pay. As a result, discordant tones to the government was going silent as a new baby to sleep. Beautiful huh?

Imagination that altitude does make the heart ache because expectations are not high realization. But for the Freeport case is different. If only the government dared to do a kind of courage in the past might be an American company that will be more beneficial for us. Even better if the Indonesian people themselves who manage it one hundred percent.

Timika mine already abysmally it, the government is still hesitant to give their verdict renegotiation. Actually, what else would be dredged but already se-in that? Experts said that if in the mine, there are still about 1,889 tons of gold. If so then do not be surprised why Freeport hastily proposed a contract extension.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/when-managed-indonesia.html
Published Date: December 17, 2015 at 18:34

Tag : Freeport.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Heaven Gold in Papua.

History PT Freeport was born in 1936 and, through the Dutch East Indies government expedition discovered mineral deposits called Hertzberg.
History PT Freeport was born in 1936 and, through the Dutch East Indies government expedition discovered mineral deposits called Hertzberg.
Giant vehicles stretched, fro transport the Grasberg mine in the mountains. The world's largest open pit mine operated by PT Freeport Indonesia, involving no less than 3,000 employees for 24 hours straight. They are part of the 12,000 employees of PT Freeport Indonesia. Working in very remote areas, conquer extreme challenges.

Over the past 40 years, more than Rp 140 trillion embedded investment in mining. Build infrastructure such as roads, ports, airports, township, power plant, underground mine to the processing plant.

The first production from the open pit conducted 43 years ago. Exploration of copper and gold reserves reached a peak in 2001 at the Grasberg mine, with a production capacity of up to 238 thousand tons per day.

Modern mine with a single point of control system is able to supervise the mining area of ​​10,000 hectares, with the area of ​​202 thousand hectares supporters, including Port Amamapare downstream Timika.

Papua, the world's largest mining history was born here. 79 Years ago, precisely December 5, 1936. Through a long expeditions for nearly two months, the expedition team Dutch East Indies government, Colijn and Jean Jacques Dozy discovered mineral deposits called Hertzberg or Ore Mountains.

A black rock solid with a copper content of towering 180 meters above the ground at an altitude of 3,600 meters above sea level.

The richest copper deposits on earth. This is the starting gate mine in Papua. At that time in 1967 the Indonesian economy is not so strong, Soeharto as power holders make breakthroughs to boost the economy. One of them allowed the entry of foreign investment.

Slamet Bratanata Mining Minister signed the first contract of work for the past 30 years. Through this contract by PT Freeport Indonesia is the exclusive contractor Mine of Hertzberg area of ​​10 square kilometers. Is Ilyas Hamid, one of the legends of this mining. Maker of the toughest in the world.

Steep road from a height of 2,500 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level. Heat Road which is now the name perpetuate the name of the manufacturer, Ilyas Road became the backbone of operations of PT Freeport.

PT Freeport Indonesia mining complex. stretches from the Port Amamapare up into the high mountains more than 4,200 meters above sea level Grasberg mine. Until now still the Grasberg open pit mine in the world.

Mountains Stone Copper and Gold Mine Freeport.
Many people think in mine PT Freeport Indonesia, which are located in Papua there is gold bullion. Make no mistake, this mining process mineral rock (ore / ore) containing copper, gold, and silver up to 95%. The end result concentrate or mineral sands.

When detikFinance opportunity to visit the Freeport mine in Papua, Sunday (08/16/2015), Freeport describes the processing of rocks into a concentrate or the mineral sands.

So, the stones taken from the Grasberg mine in the mountains and some of the underground mines, destroyed and sent automatically by conveyor, or rubber running.

Every day, Freeport process approximately 220000-240000 tons of ore or ore (rock minerals). These stones are sent to the processing of concentrates.

Through this automated process, these stones were sent to a large machine whose job grind rocks to be a mineral sands containing copper, gold, and silver.

The grinding machine is working 24 hours and is operated automatically by the computer system. This milling process using physical processes.

Then there is the process of creating valuable minerals or concentrates float, by adding chemicals to separate the valuable mineral sands and mineral sands worthless.

Sand containing no mineral is called waste products or tailings, or sand tailings. While the sands that contain this mineral will be sent to the harbor, located about 115 km from the mine, then sent to the buyer.

If you want to 100% is processed into finished goods, such as gold bullion, then concentrate it must be processed using the smelter (purification plant). Freeport currently has a smelter in Gresik, East Java in cooperation with Mitsubishi Corporation Unimetal, nippin Mining and Metals, and Mitsubishi Materials Corporation. The capacity is 1 million tons / year, and will be increased to 3 million tons / year with an investment of US $ 2.3 billion.

Through which the process of ore into a concentrate in the Freeport mine already includes 95% value added. While processing in smelters only add 5%, such as to be a piece of copper or gold bullion.

As is known, every 1 ton of ore (ore) produced from the Freeport mine in Papua, it only contains 7.9 kg of copper and 0.99 grams of gold. So the dosage is quite small.

Freeport is preparing an underground gold mine in the world. Grasberg location below. The underground mine will be the future of Freeport. During this time, the company had spent about US $ 4 billion for underground mines, of the total planned US $ 15 billion.

The mining company's air carrier in the United States (US) contract will expire in 2021. And the government was waiting for certainty, for a contract to be extended until 2041. Because it will issue a big investment for underground mines and smelters. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/heaven-gold-in-papua.html
Published Date: December 17, 2015 at 18:14

Tag : Heaven Gold in Papua.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Gold dredging in Indonesia.

The existence of PT Freeport Indonesia, a mining company from the United States (US) has always been a hot topic of the news.

Freeport crater.

The problem, though several times changed the government, but Indonesia still seem flabby face dredge gold mining company in Papua for decades.

So how to actually get into the story early Freeport Indonesia?

As quoted from the Real History Archives in the article entitled JFK, Indonesia, CIA and Freeport Sulphur written by Lisa Pease in 1996. Freeport which is known to have dominated the golden mountains of Papua since 1967, turned out to work in the country has started a few years earlier.

In the 1959 ago, when a change of power in Cuba, which was originally named Freeport Freeport Sulphur is facing problems and almost bankrupt. Therefore, the new Cuban leader is Fidel Castro nationalized all foreign firms in the country. Freeport Sulphur also affected.

In the midst of the uncertain situation, in August 1959 the Director of Freeport Sulphur Forbes Wilson met with Jan van Gruisen, managing director of East Borneo Company which is a mining company in East Kalimantan.

During the meeting, Gruisen tell, he just find a report written by Jean Jacques Dozy on a mountain called "Hertzberg" or Mount Copper in Papua New Guinea, Irian Barat.

The report says that in the region there is a mountain full of copper ore. In fact, the content of copper ore that is in the whole body Mount Hertzberg spread over the surface of the ground, and not hidden in the ground.

Wilson was enthusiastic and immediately conducted a survey on the Mount Hertzberg. In the survey, Wilson be surprised because not only find copper ore in the region, but it is also filled with Hertzberg Mountain gold and silver ore.

Freeport also decided to sign an exploration contract with East Borneo Company on February 1, 1960. However, in fact there is a change of political escalation in Indonesia, particularly West Irian.

Relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands was again heating up, even Soekarno (President at that time) actually put military forces in West Papua.

The cooperation agreement between East Borneo Company and Freeport was back raw. The US government then controlled by John F Kennedy (JFK) actually defend Indonesia, and threatened to cut off Marshall Plan aid to the Netherlands if persisted retain West Irian.

Dutch when it needs help to rebuild the country after the devastation in World War II, was forced to pull out of West Irian.

Freeport officials was furious, especially when heard JFK instead offered a package of economic assistance to Indonesia amounted to USD11 million, with the involvement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

Public dissent turbulent in the US Senate, would continue to assist Indonesia while the Indonesian Communist Party remains strong. Kennedy also remained, and he approved a special aid package for Indonesia on 19 November 1963.

Three days later, Soekarno lost best allies in the West. Kennedy was killed on 22 November 1963.

US foreign policy changed quickly after the death of Kennedy. President Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy abruptly canceling the economic aid package for Indonesia approved Kennedy.

Apparently, one behind the success of Johnson in the 1964 US presidential election campaign is Augustus C. Long, which is one of the directors of Freeport.

Long is also a leader in the Texas Company (Texaco) and Caltex (a joint venture with Standard Oil of California). Augustus C Long is also active in the Presbyterian Hospital, New York which is one of the nodes meetings CIA figures.

In addition, Long is also believed to be one character designer coup against Sukarno, the US conducted by moving a number of Army officers (AD), including General Suharto (President-2) describes as "our local army friend".

Long alleged involvement in the coup Soekarno appear, because Sukarno in 1961 decided to contract a new policy that requires 60% of oil profits handed over to the Indonesian government.

Caltex, as one of the three oil operator in Indonesia is obviously very hard hit by this policy.

Coup against Sukarno was actually happening, by twisting and misrepresenting the Decree of March 11 (Supersemar) 1966 which made Sukarno.

In Supersemar, Soekarno only gave a mandate to tackle the chaotic state to Suharto, who interpreted it ordered Suharto became President.

Post-fall of Sukarno of Indonesia's highest leadership role, Ibnu Sutowo (Minister of Mines and Petroleum of the time) made a new agreement, which allows the oil companies to maintain substantially greater profits for them.

Then, perform the validation of Law No. 1 of 1967 concerning Foreign Investment (PMA). On April 7, 1967, the Indonesian government signed a license contract mining exploitation in Irian Jaya with Freeport.

Thus, Freeport became the first foreign company whose contract signed by Suharto. To build its gold mining construction, Freeport also took Bechtel, a company in the US that employ many-frontman frontman CIA.

In 1980, Freeport McMoran also took Jim Bob Moffett belonging to cooperate with dredge Papua. Bob finally became President Freeport McMoran.

Freeport Indonesia contract first signed in 1967 under Law No. 11 of 1967 on mining provisions. In 1991, there is a renewal of a new work contract valid for 30 years with two extension options of 10 years each.

The work contract signed at the beginning of the reign of President Suharto was given to Freeport as the exclusive contractor Hertzberg mines on the territory of 10 square kilometers. In 1989, the Indonesian government again issued additional exploration permits for 61,000 hectares.

In 1991, the signing of a new contract of work done for a validity period of 30 years following the two 10-year extensions. This means a new Freeport contract of work will be finished in 2041.

Earlier, former Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Siswoutomo Susilo asserted, PT Freeport Indonesia could only apply for a contract extension mine in Mimika, Papua, at the earliest in 2019.

"According to the PP, the continued operation of new mines could be filed two years before the end of the contract. Thus, if Freeport's contract runs out in 2021, the fastest filed in 2019," said Susilo.

He reminded, in accordance with Article 45 of Government Regulation No. 23 Year 2010 on the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining, the fastest application for extension filed two years and no later than six months before the expiration of the contract.

Susilo explained, in order to continue the contract mining operations in Indonesia, PT Freeport must be eligible in accordance with Law No. 4/2009, the effort to change the type of contract Special Mining License (IUPK) and agreed on the points renegotiation.

Susilo ensure that the government will be cautious in deciding the extension of Freeport contract of work which will end in 2021. "All decisions must consider a variety of things and keep the interests of the nation and the state," he said.

However, precisely on Sunday (25/01/2015), the government of Indonesia in this case the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) the export license contract extension Freeport

Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Sudirman Said said that the extension of this MoU will be carried out for six months.

"The condition is that the giant mining company should contribute more to the people of Papua and Indonesia," he said, Sunday (01/25/2015).

Sudirman said the government on January 23, 2015 a decision to extend the MoU during the next six months with Freeport Indonesia. "But the contract has not been decided, it extended operations alone," said Sudirman.

For your information, the contract company's copper and gold located in Papua will expire in 2021. Should the decision be given a two-year contract extension before the contract expires. However Freeport wants to speed up the decision awarding this year. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/gold-dredging-in-indonesia.html
Published Date: December 17, 2015 at 17:30

Tag : Freeport.

Places Prohibited for women.

In modern times such as this, there are still places which forbids girls to enter. The reason is because of tradition, there is also for safety. Curious?

How Places Prohibited For women:

Mount Athos.

Mount Athos is the name of a mountain located on the peninsula of Macedonia, in northern Greece. Mount Athos is also a UNESCO World Heritage site. The peninsula has an area of ​​390 square kilometers and is home to about 1,400 monks at the monastery Greek orthodox monastery. Mount Athos is actually an autonomous state under Greek sovereignty. To get into this area is not easy, and unique, women were not allowed to enter and stay in the region of Mount Athos this.

The reason for the monks of Mount Athos is considered a sacred place to escape from the modern world. In fact, a visit to a very strict set male. Every day, 100 visitors are allowed only orthodox and non-orthodox 10. Not only women are banned from visiting the sacred mountain in Greece, even female animals are not allowed to be in the vicinity.

This sacred mountain is located in Tanjung Macedonia and only accessible by ferry. For those who want to come must have special permission to enter the mountain. Local people believe that the presence of women can interfere spritiualitas monks that live in these mountains. These last few years, some women managed to infiltrate into the mountain. One was a French writer disguised as a monk man.

However, despite some troublesome regulations to enter, Mount Athos is a very beautiful place. Dozens of antique monastery cloister decorate the area, visitors can also immediately see the life of the monks who live a simple paced life here. Mount Athos is generally visited by people who want to travel or perform religious religious studies. But the views of the monastery and the peninsular is also appealing charm people to visit.

Why Forbidden for Women.

Recognition of the natural beauty of Greece came daru UNESCO set one mountain in Greece, namely Athos as a World Heritage Site. In addition famous for its beauty, Mount Athos peninsula which is located in Macedonia, northern Greece, also left a unique story. Mountain with an area of ​​390 square kilometers is home to around 20 Orthodox monastery east and liveable 2000 monks. These men live a life isolated from the outer life.

The most unique and turns of Mount Athos forbidden for women. This ancient tradition has been going on for centuries. In fact, not only women, all female animals was forbidden to live in this mountain region. With the exception of birds and insects are free from these rules.
The ban relates to the belief that females form the inhibitor monk who want to find enlightenment there.

Mount Athos is an autonomous state under Greek sovereignty. They have their own rules, the prohibition of free movement and goods in the region. To get into the area was not easy. Only men were calm, which could set foot on the mountain. Of course after obtaining a license, because the visit was arranged very tight. Each day only 100
The monks live in a place with the aim to draw closer to the Almighty. Black robes worn by monks signify their death from the outside world. They spent the day praying and meditating in silence. Although it has some strict rules, Mount Athos became prey of the tourists. Not only because the place is beautiful, but visitors can see firsthand a completely simple life of monks.

The women could only see the beauty of Mount Athos from a distance only, while the majority of people who come to this sacred mountain to travel religious or conduct religious studies.

Temple Haji Ali Dargah.

Haji Ali Dargah temple is a mosque and graveyard on a small island in Mumbai. The place of worship is also closed to women. Haji Ali Dargah shrine is one of the most iconic temple in Mumbai, India. This shrine is dedicated to Sufi Haji Ali Bukhari. Every day approximately 15 thousand to 20 thousand people came to this temple. This temple was built in 1431 in memory of Muslim traders said, Said Haji Ali Shah Bukhari.

This temple was crowded every Thursday and Friday, was visited by 40 thousand pilgrims. Every Friday is also the shrine of Sufi musicians enlivened the show. Unfortunately, women who visit this temple was not allowed to see this temple is the most sacred place, the Sanctum Sanctorum. The tomb area which is closed to women because they are contrary to religion.

Mount Omine.

Mount Omine is a sacred mountain in Nara, Japan. This mountain is Mount Sanjo its official name, but because it is in the mountains so called Mount Omine Omine. At the peak of this mountain there is a temple Ominesanji, Shugendo Buddhist center in Japan. All parts of this mountain is a sacred place of pilgrimage and training monks to the temple. In 2004, UNESCO declared that the mountain is a World Heritage site. But surprisingly, women are not allowed to enter.

Not only women, people who recently deceased family was asked not enter this mountain region. During the year 1300, only men were allowed to go in and look at the famous Buddhist temple in altitude is 5,640 feet. The reason is the same as the other tourist attractions which prohibits the entry of women, namely their presence is considered to disturb the solemnity of pilgrims who visit this mountain.

Water Park X-treme Faser slide.

One of the largest and most popular water parks in Europe is also not allowed to enter women. However, due to safety reasons, not reason or faith tradition as tourist spots before. The water park is located in Munich did not allow women to ascend one of the high-speed seluncurannya. The reason, women may be at risk of injury in the intimate.

According to this water park, there are at least six women were injured while sliding intimate part in the X-treme Faser slide, which speed reaches 45 miles per hour. Now, this water park is trying to create a special swimsuit for women in order to prevent injury reoccur.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia or Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which is located in the Arabian Peninsula. Its territory consists largely of desert to desert the largest is the Rub Al Khali. Saudi Arabia is a place where the city of Mecca with the Kaaba stands, as a mecca for Muslims. This makes the holy city of Mecca for Muslims around the world.

Every year, thousands of Muslims from around the world come to Makkah to perform the pilgrimage. Not only to Mecca, Muslims make a pilgrimage to Medina, Jeddah and other cities with a beautiful mosque. However, forget to visit Saudi Arabia if you are a woman traveling alone. Women who want to get into this country shall be accompanied by a man, who is a relative or husband.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/places-prohibited-for-women.html
Published Date: December 16, 2015 at 17:06

Tag : Places Prohibited for women.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

About Bonsai.

Bonsai (盆栽) is a plant or tree that dwarfed in a shallow pot with the aim of making a miniature of the original shape of a big old tree in the wild. Planting (sai, 栽) performed in a shallow pot called bon (盆). The term bonsai are also used for traditional Japanese art in the maintenance of plants or trees in shallow pots, and appreciation of beauty of form branches, leaves, stems, and roots of trees, as well as a shallow pot into a container, or the overall shape of the plant or tree. Bonsai is the Japanese pronunciation for penzai (盆栽).
This art includes various techniques of cutting and pruning, wiring (the establishment of branches and tree limbs by wrapping wire or bend the wire bonding), as well as making the roots spread out on the rock. Bonsai-making takes a long time and involve a wide variety of jobs, such as fertilizer, pruning, plant establishment, watering, and replacement of the pot and soil. Plants or trees dwarfed by cutting the roots and branches. Tree formed with the help of wire on the twigs and shoots. The wire must have been taken before they could scratch the skin of the tree branches. Plants are living beings, and no bonsai that can be said is completed or finished. Changes that occur continuously at the plant according to the season or the state of nature is one of the charms of bonsai.

Type.

The most common tree bonsai are various species of pine. Types of plants and trees are used to classify the types of bonsai:
Bonsai pine and oak trees: pine, Chinese fir, spruce thorns, toothpick, and others.
Bonsai fruit trees to enjoy the beauty of the fruit (Ilex serrata, persimmon, Chaenomeles sinensis, apple mini, and others).
Bonsai flowering plants to enjoy the beauty of the flowers (Prunus mume, Chaenomeles speciosa, cherry, Satsuki azalea).
Bonsai trees to be enjoyed form of leaves (maple, Zelkova serrata, Rhus succedanea, bamboo).
There are so many tropical plants have been tested and found suitable for bonsai, including tamarind, banyan, fir shrimp, hibiscus, and guava.

Bonsai basic form.

* Perpendiculars (Chokkan)
* Vertical Winding (Moyogi)
* Gloves Wind / Wind Blown (Fukinagashi)
* Hang (Kengai)
* Half Hanging (Han Kengai)
* Trunk curl (Even a)
* Sweep Upright (Hōkidachi)
* Trunked Two (supply of)

Poets tree (Bunjinki)

Straight Upright (直 幹 Chokkan)

The trunk upright vertically upwards. The tree is said to have the ideal stem when the tree has a trunk diameter growing up decreasing, starting from the stem close to the root. The tree is said to have branches that ideal when the limb is in the front-back or left-right intersect with each other. Distance antardahan growing up more and more narrow. Ideal shape of the root is a root which when viewed from above, spreading in all directions.

Upright Winding (模 様 木 Moyogi)

The trunk erect weaved to the left and to the right. Stem diameter progressively decreasing upward with the left and right balance of good. Dahan good is the branch that is in the top arch of the trunk. Branch located inside the arches cut. From the base of the stem to the top of the tree can be drawn a straight line, and those who look not feel worried about the balance of the tree.

Oblique (斜 幹 Shakan)

 

The trunk tilted to one side like a constant wind that direction. Just as there are objects blocking on one side, the trunk grows inclined to the other side. The distinctive feature of this shape in the form of branches that exist only at the peak of the arch rod, and criss-cross in the left-right and front-rear.

Wind sheath (吹 流 し Fukiganashi) / Blown wind.

Compared Leaning bonsai shape, the tree grows while experiencing more violent coercion. Trunks and branches of trees leaning in one direction only. Trunks and branches of trees are leaning to one side is much longer than the height of the tree measured from the base of the stem to the top of the tree. The position of the stem and branches is similar to bonsai style Dangling half, but the stems and branches seemed to form parallel lines.

Hang (懸崖 Kengai)

Likened to a tree growing on the surface of the steep wall that is in the seaside cliffs or steep valley walls. The trunk grows like hanging down the cliff. The tree tops hanging far to exceed the bottom of the pot. When the tree tops do not exceed basic bonsai pot then called Half Hanging (Han Kengai).

Coiled rod (蟠 幹 Even a)

Looks very twisted tree trunks, or tree growing with a tendency to twist themselves. So visible trunk twisted like a snake that was coiled.

Sweep Upright (箒 立 ち Hōkidachi)

Perpendicular to the stem in the middle before the branches and twigs growing spread in all directions. Treetop difficult to determine from the peak number of existing branches so that the shape of this bonsai-like broom of bamboo. The beauty of this style bonsai branch branching assessed from neat, and the starting point of the spread of the branches and twigs in all directions, tall trees, and the balance of these elements.

Highlighting Root (根 上 り Neagari)

Result in the preserved tree maintenance harsh environments, the base of root branching in the soil becomes exposed to the outside on the ground like due to wind and rain.

Trunked Many (多 幹 Takan)

From the base of the roots grow erect more than one tree. When growing two trees, the bonsai is called Trunked Two (supply of). When there are three trees, then called Trunked Three (Sankan). Bonsai Trunked five or so-called stumps Upright (Kabudachi). Odd numbered rods are preferred. In addition to two trunked bonsai, bonsai with rods even number unpopular and not made.

Intertwined roots (根 連 な り Netsuranari)

The roots of some trees of one species (tree trunks or more) stick together and relate to each other. This form can also be derived from trees that had been straight, but collapsed and buried in the ground. Which was once part of a tree branch, changing roles and grow as a tree trunk. Out of the trunk of the tree roots, and the roots are intertwined with the roots of the tree of origin. Shape similar to Roots Entwined called rafts or Grown from Stem (Ikadabuki). Growing bonsai shape of the rod also comes from trees that had been straight, but collapsed and branch change roles into stems. The difference with Roots Entwined lies at the root of which only exist in one place. As well as Trunked Many bonsai, tree trunks even disliked.

Group (寄 せ 植 え Yoseue)

More than one tree planted together in a shallow pot or planted on the rock. Trees can be planted a few trees of one species, or a mixture of several different species. The value of creativity works can be elevated with a mix of objects placed as an additional decoration.

Poets tree (文人 木 Bunjinki) / Free.

The origins of bonsai shape mimics the shape of a tree in nanga. Named bonsai tree shape Meiji era writer because writers are very fond of this form of bonsai. In the current era, thin rods, the number of branches a little, and shorter branches also called Tree writers.

Trees Not Unusual (代 わ り 木 Kawariki)

This form is used to refer to bonsai that can not be classified into other forms of bonsai prevalent.

History.

Bonsai art miniaturization comes from a plant called penjing (盆景) of the Tang Dynasty period. At the tomb of the son of Empress Wu Zetian there are frescoes depicting female waitress who brought a flowering tree in a shallow pot. Small shallow pots is a miniaturization of the natural landscape.
The nobility in Japan began to recognize penjing around the end of the Heian period. Kanji characters for penjing (盆景) pronounced the Japanese as bonkei. Similarly, in China, bonkei in Japan is also the miniaturization of the natural landscape. Art that is only enjoyed by the upper classes, especially among courtiers and samurai, and the new so-called bonsai in the Edo period
Is a bonsai plant odd jobs samurai Edo period, when the bonsai peaked. Since the Meiji era, regarded as a hobby bonsai style. But bonsai maintenance and watering takes a lot of time. In line with the environment they live in Japan are increasingly modern and does not have a page, bonsai fans finally limited to the elderly.

Size.

Bonsai are grouped into six groups based on plant height from the base of the stem to the top of the plant:
* Giant: tree height over 101 cm.
* Very large: between 76-100 cm tall tree.
* Large: between 46-75 cm tall tree
* Were: tree height between 31-45 cm
* Small: tree height between 16-30 cm
* Very small: tree height less than 15 cm.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/about-bonsai.html
Published Date: December 16, 2015 at 10:47

Tag : Bonsai.
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