Prostitution activities.

Some say if prostitution were often known by the name of prostitution is one of the oldest professions in the world and has been made since thousands of years ago. In the development of the activities of gratification of lust is progressing and changing very rapidly.

Currently, many countries, especially in Europe, to legalize this activity. But not a few also prohibits as incompatible with the religious beliefs of a country. But apart from that all prostitution is still continuing, although the law already forbids.

If the prism of history turns prostitution has been done since time immemorial. Since the first prostitution not only satisfy customers' activities only, but prostitution has a major role in the creation of a civilization. But not a few also are underestimated.

To find out how the history and development of prostitution (prostitution) and the type of prostitution that exist in the world since the first of which is :

Types of activities include the following :

Tawaif.

The first prostitution activities that have been done since the first was Tawaif. Tawaif historically known as a performer in northern India between the 18th century until the early 20th century geisha Similarly, they are dancers and musicians, they are not just prostitutes in the usual sense. Many of them are wealthy, especially choosing their customers wisely. Those who have girls often continue the profession of his mother. Even if they come from a long lineage as a tawaifs can improve their social status.

They are forbidden to marry, but can enter into certain types of official relations with their customers, so as if they have the right and duty as a wife, but the husband's name attached to them. Interestingly, their existence is recognized along with the official's wife. Where the official's wife is a respectable way to continue the lineage, while tawaif is sensual beautiful creature that only a strong and powerful man who can pull it.

Jugun Ianfu.

Both existing prostitution since formerly known as comfort women. Jugun Ianfu or Sex Slave first was the North Korea of ​​the island of Kyushu in Japan at the request of a military ruler sent by the Governor of Nagasaki Prefecture. The rationale behind the establishment of a formal system Ianjo (brothel) is the development of sexual services. Therefore, it needs to be monitored and controlled to minimize the incidence of rape were reported from places that became the basis of the Japanese military. In the recruitment process involves not only military but also the Home Affairs Department in charge of the governor and the police who later played a role in cooperation with the military to recruit. Special Branch Shanghai using connectors among traders.

For women obtain as much as possible to serve the sexual needs of the military at the end of 1937 women who were forced to work in Ianjo-Ianjo located between Shanghai and Nanking region is managed directly by the Japanese military. Ianjo became a model for subsequent Ianjo-Ianjo. In Indonesia alone there are about 1,500 female former comfort women who most of them are elderly even have died. They do struggle to demand justice and recognition not only tiresome and long, but they are almost fighting alone because until now no visible support from the government prior to their admission.

Ying-chi.

Since the first turns out there are making commercial sex workers as professional profession. Ying-chi is an independent commercial sex workers and the official in Chinese history, although this is debatable. Their existence is recognized and credited by the Emperor Wu, who had asked specifically to recruit women for the sole purpose of escorting troops and entertain them throughout the long journey to the battlefield. Ying-chi literally means "camp whore," a term no doubt be one of the fun in the year 100 BC.

Some sources questioned the claims of these girls who declare them as the first Chinese prostitutes. It is said that the King of Yue set up camp first prostitution, comprised of widows of soldiers killed. These women have a very different impression in the future, where they are so popular respectable prostitutes, whose role is to give men "friendship. Ying-chi also differ from women who worked in brothels state.

Auletrides.

It is said if auletrides is class Greek prostitutes who enjoyed a unique position in society. These women have more skills than just intercourse. They are flute players and dancers are trained. Some of them also have other talents that captivate the public, such as magic and acrobatics. Many of them took to the streets in public performances that included in religious ceremonies and festivals.

Some sources say that they are also a popular entertainment for children. Auletrides can be reserved for private parties as well, when their sexual skills required. Other, similar to the entertainers they are saltriai, or a harpist, and kitharistriai, or lute player. The girls are reported on a poroboskos, acting as a madam, who organized them out for the purposes of private parties.

Temple prostitutes.

Role temple prostitutes in ancient Greco-Roman society was one subject of much debate. This is not a debate over whether the practice is popular or not, but the details of these practices which still has many interpretations. Temple prostitutes are those who sell themselves in the middle of the sanctity of the temple, with the permission of temple priests and more broadly, they are working for their Lord. Just how detailed services offered by the temple prostitutes is not known. Some scholars argue that they are only slaves who sells his services as a way to earn money for the temple.

Others believe that they have a role that is far more respected in the temple and in the worship of their gods, and believe that visiting a temple prostitute and hire him is a form of worship. This theory is very popular in conjunction with fertility cults and goddesses like Aphrodite. The idea of ​​the temple prostitutes is common and there are different levels in the hierarchy of the temple. The women of the various types of virgin brought into the temple to dedicate their lives and their bodies to worship their god or goddess. Some sources state that they are young girls aged less than 14 years become temple prostitutes in ancient Greece. There is a large amount of contradictory evidence for the role of the temple prostitutes, but without a doubt they are an important part of temple life.

Devadasi.

Devadasi is a woman who has been forced into prostitution for the sake of the service life of the fertility goddess, Yellamma. When girls reach puberty, their parents auctioning off their virginity to the highest bidder. After virginity taken, they then spent the rest of his life as a prostitute in the name of Yellamma. Every night, they are always the same fate, was sold to whoever pays the highest. For their parents, it's not a bad deal. Not only do they not need to raise the dowry to be given to someone who marry their daughters, but they also save a lot of money generated by such girls.

This practice has become a routine part of Yellamma religion for centuries. Although banned in India in 1988, the practice still continues to this day. The stigma attached to devadasi is severe even if the woman decides to give up their lifestyle, they will never get married. Once they are dedicated to their goddess, there is no turning back. Most devadasis expelled from the temple when the tread mid-40s, when they are no longer considered young and attractive enough to bring honor to their goddess, and partly turned into a beggar in order to connect his life for the rest of their lives.

Ganika.

Ganika is the Indian version of the Japanese geisha. These women enjoy a high social class in society which means good luck and prosperity that always follow. A Ganika never married and never widowed, so that they escaped from the social stigma widows. Widows considered a very bad omen and, at one point, it is forbidden to appear in public. Indian society recognizes nine kinds of prostitutes and Ganika is an elite level in this hierarchy. In addition to the sexual talents, Ganika expected to learn other skills in the performing arts. After the various skills required to master, the woman was appointed to the position Ganika.

While other types of prostitutes typically are housewives who are looking for extra money to husbands who control their hosts or waiters serving them with sexual services, Ganika will be given a place of honor in the royal palace and has songs and poems were written about beauty and their skills. Because they usually serve the nobility, they are protected by state laws. They also must be subject to the legislation as well, and could be beaten or fined for refusing nobility.

Hetaira.

Just as is happening now, where many famous artists who explore the profession as a top-class prostitute, apparently of a previously existing one hetaira. It is said if hetaira is a high-class prostitute in Athens. Because prostitution is legalized and the prostitutes there can not be a citizen of Athens, hetaira often is a slave. Sometimes, he was someone who lived in a city born from parents of non-Athens. Unlike porne, women who perform the profession behind closed doors, hetaira often seen in the symposium.

They are forbidden to marry with the natives, but can be bought and freed by a person, even though such practice is not preferred. Their status as hetaira will never be lost, and if they are caught pretending to be a full citizen, they can be brought to justice. If convicted they could be returned to a life of slavery. Hetaira often the mistresses of influential people and has been recognized as a model for a statue of Aphrodite, because of their elegance and beauty.

Mut'ah.

Mut'ah is a complicated subject. This is a temporary marriage as a religion, in which two parties enter into a marriage contract for a certain time. The contract may be written or oral, covering all parts of the wedding were agreed, including how many "dowry" that the woman would receive, any kind of physical relationship that would be involved, and how long the marriage will last. On the one hand, proponents of this method say that it is a way for two people to live together before getting full marriage to see if they match each other without breaking the laws of the religion.

Some contracts may stipulate that there will be no physical contact, and some are done under the supervision of parents on both sides. Other contracts may specify that marriage would only last a few hours and the women will get paid for it. So in this way can actually be a way to outsmart prostitution opposed by religion. Because of the time limit and the payment option, they say that it is the opportunity for the young men and women to have a partner without guilt in religion.

Disclosure of one illicit business online prostitution in some circles of society, including prominent people today have become a polemic in the country. Indeed, this activity has caused many losses. Not only for one person but for many people.

Prostitution does not exist as such directly, although the authorities have cleared this event, in fact every day and every moment of this illegal activity continues.

How to handle it ?

We go back to ourselves each, because only with the prohibition of course we would not be changed. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: August 24, 2015 at 12:12

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Mr. waveguide World.

Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, Baron Baden-Powell to-1, also known as BP or Lord Baden-Powell, was a lieutenant general in the army, writer, and founder of the Scout Movement.
After attending school at Charterhouse, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the city in the Siege of Mafeking. Some military-themed books written for reconnaissance and scout training in Africa in the widely read by boys. Based on previous books, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Pearson, for youth readership. During the writing, he tested his ideas through a camping trip on Brownsea Island with the Boys' Brigade and the neighbor kid who started on August 1, 1907, which was then regarded as the beginning of scouting activities.
After his marriage with Olave St. Clair Soames, Baden-Powell, his sister Agnes Baden-Powell and especially his wife are very active in providing guidance to the Scout Movement and Scout Princess. Baden-Powell died in Nyeri, Kenya in 1941.

Early life.

Baden-Powell was born with the name of Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell, or more familiar with the call Stephe Powell, at number 6 Stanhope Street (now number 11 Stanhope Terrace) Paddington, London on February 22, 1857. He was named Robert Stephenson, while Smyth is the maiden name from his mother. His father was a pastor named Baden-Powell, a Savilian who teaches geometry at Oxford University and has had four children from two previous marriages. On March 10, 1846 at St Luke's Church, Chelsea, Rev. Powell married Henrietta Grace Smyth (3 September 1824 - October 13, 1914), the eldest daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth and 28 years younger. So quickly born Warington (early 1847), George (late 1847), Augustus (1849) and Francis (1850). After three children died when they were very young, they have Stephe, Agnes (1858) and Baden (1860). The third and youngest child of Augustus sickly. Reverend Powell died when Stephe three years old, and as a tribute to him and to organize his own children were separated from brothers and cousins, his mother (Henrietta Grace Smyth) changed the family name into Baden-Powell. Furthermore, Stephe raised by his mother, a woman who It set out that his children should succeed. Baden-Powell said of his mother in 1933 The secret of my success is my mother.
After attending Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells, Stephe was awarded a scholarship to the school at Charterhouse. His first introduction to scouting skills, the skill to hunt and cooking animals - and avoiding teachers - in the nearby woods, which is also a forbidden area. He is also good at playing the piano and violin, able to paint well with both hands and love to play the role (drama). The holidays spent by doing a lot of sailing or canoeing expeditions with his brothers.

Army career.

In 1876, Baden-Powell joined the 13th Hussars in India. In 1895 he held special service in Africa and returned to India in 1897 to command the 5th Dragoon forces. Baden-Powell each other and honed his scouting skills Dinizulu Zulu king in the early 1880s in the province of Natal, South Africa where his regiment was placed and he was given an award for his courage.
In 1896, Baden-Powell was assigned to the Matabele in Southern Rhodesia (now known as Zimbabwe) as chief of staff under General Frederick Carrington during the War Matabele Second, and there the first time she met the man who later became her closest friend, Frederick Russell Burnham, US-born soldier who served as head of the British reconnaissance troops. Its presence there will be a very important, not only because Baden-Powell the opportunity to lead the difficult missions in enemy territory, but the moment that he got the inspiration to make a lot of scouting education system. He joined the team reconnaissance (spy) in the Valley of Matobo. Burnham began to teach woodcraft to Baden-Powell, the expertise that also provide inspiration to develop programs / curriculum and scouting honor code. Woodcraft is a skill that is widely known and controlled in the United States, but unknown in the UK. Expertise that is the forerunner of what is left is often called Scouting skills.
Both realize that natural conditions and war in Africa is much different than in the UK. So they planned a training program for British troops to be able to adapt. The training program was given to young children, it was full of materials about exploration, trekking, camping and increased confidence.
At that time also the first time for Baden Powell wearing his trademark hat (cowboy hat similar Burnham) as an identifier and is still used by members of scouting worldwide. Additionally, Baden-Powell also received trumpet (trumpet) kudu, equipment in Ndebele War. The trumpet will be blown up every morning to awaken the participants of the first Scout campsite at sea Brown Islands.

Three years later, in South Africa during the Boer War II. Baden-Powell was placed in the small town of Mafeking in the Boer forces number far more than in the previous place. The Mafeking Cadet Corps is a group of young men who served to bring the message to other forces. Although they are not experienced in dealing with the enemy, they managed to fight the enemy to defend the city (1899-1900), and the events which also became one of the factors that inspired Baden-Powell in making scouting material. Everyone in the force received the award bedge needle-shaped compass combined with an arrowhead. Bedge is shaped like the fleur de lis, logo, which until now used as the logo of the scouting organization in many countries around the world.
In the United Kingdom, people read news accomplishment Baden-Powell in Mafeking thus led forces in his home country, he became a "National Hero". This gives the advantage, because he wrote a small book "Aids to Scouting" to be sold well.
Returning to England, he saw his books have been popular and widely used by teachers to educate his students, and youth who are active in the organization. Because of that, he was asked to rewrite the book to be easily understood by young people, especially for members of the Boys' Brigade, a large youth organizations and military nuanced. Baden-Powell began to think a possibility that this can grow much larger. He began studying other materials that coud be a material lesson in scouting.
July 1906, Ernest Thompson Seton Baden-Powell sent a copy of his book entitled The birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians. Seton, is a Canadian who was born in England and lived in the United States. He met with aden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs. In 1907, Baden-Powell wrote a draft of a book called Boy Patrols. In the same year, to test his idea, he gathered 21 young people with a backdrop assortment (invited from several schools for boys in London, namely Poole, Parkstone, Hamworthy, Bournemouth, and Winton Boys' Brigade units) and hold camp for a week at Brownsea Island, Poole Harbour, Dorset, England. The method applied in the camp is to give an opportunity to the youth to set up their own groups to form small groups and choose one member of the group as a leader.

The summer of 1907, Baden-Powell perform surgical promo and his new book, "Scouting for Boys". He did not just rewrite the book "Aids to Scouting" that more material on defense. In the new book, his military aspects minimized and replaced with the techniques of non-military (particularly survival) as pioneering and exploration. He also incorporate an innovative educational principles, called the Scout method (method of scouting). She is also creative with making interesting games as a means of mental education.
Scouting for Boys was initially introduced in England in January 1908 in 6 volumes. In the same year, the book is printed in the form of the book intact. Until now, the book is ranked fourth in the list of world bestseller of all time.
At first, Baden-Powell was asked to be a "builder" organization The Boys' Brigade, which was founded William A. Smith. Then, due to the ever increasing popularity as well as writing about adventures in the open, many young men began to form groups of scouting and Baden-Powell "flooded with orders" to be the builder of those groups. From now on that the Scout Movement (Scout Movement) began to grow rapidly.

Returning to England.

After returning, Baden-Powell found that his military manual "Aids to Scouting" has become a bestseller, and has been used by teachers and youth organizations.
Returned from a meeting with the founder of the Boys' Brigade, Sir William Alexander Smith, Baden-Powell decided to re-write Aids to Scouting to suit a youth readership, and in 1907 made a camp on Brownsea Island along with 22 boys from different backgrounds, to test some of his ideas. The book "Scouting for Boys" later published in 1908 in 6 volumes.
Teenagers form the "Scout Troops" spontaneously and the Scouting movement had inadvertently started, first a national and then at international level. The scouting movement was developed along with the Boys' Brigade. A meeting for all the scouts held at Crystal Palace in London in 1908, where Baden-Powell discovered the first girl scout movement. Girl scout then established in 1910 under the auspices of Baden-Powell's sister, Agnes Baden-Powell.
Although he can actually become the Supreme Commander, Baden Powell decided to retire from the army in 1910 with the rank of Lieutenant General on the advice of King Edward VII, who suggested THAT it better serve his country by promoting Scouting.
On January 1912 Baden-Powell met his future wife Olave Soames on an ocean liner (Arcadia) on the way to New York to begin the World Scout's visit. She was 23, he 55, and they shared the same birthday. They became engaged in September of the same year and became the sensation of the press, perhaps because of the fame of Baden-Powell, because of the age difference as it was prevalent at the time. To avoid press intrusion, they married in secret on October 30, 1912. It is said that Baden-Powell had only one other adventures with women (pertunganannya who failed to Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon).
British scouts donate a penny each and they buy Baden-Powel wedding gift, a Rolls Royce.

World War I and the subsequent events.

When World War I broke out in 1914, Baden-Powell offered himself to the position of War. There is no responsibility given to him, because, as stated by Lord Kitchener: "he could get some divisional generals but could find no one who is able to continue the work of the Boy Scouts." Rumored that Baden-Powell was engaged in espionage and secret services are trying to promote the myth.
Baden-Powell was awarded Baronet in 1922, and was created Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell in the County of Essex, in 1929. Gilwell Park is the International Scout Leader training center. Baden-Powell was awarded the Order of Merit of the British honors system in 1937, and was awarded 28 other titles from foreign countries.
In a short poem he wrote, he explained how to pronounce his name:
Man, Nation, Maiden
Please call it Baden.
Further, for Powell
Rhyme it with Noël.
Under his dedicated command the world Scouting movement grew. In 1922 there were more than a million scouts in 32 countries; in 1939 the number of scouts was in excess of 3.3 million people.
Baden-Powell family has three children - one boy and two women (who got honorary titles in 1929; son later succeeding his father in 1941:
Peter, later 2nd Baron Baden-Powell (1913-1962)
Hon. Heather Baden-Powell (1915-1986)
Hon. Betty Baden-Powell (1917-2004) who in 1936 married with Gervase Charles Robert Clay (born in 1912 and have 3 boys and 1 girl)
Shortly after getting married, Baden-Powell dealing with health issues, and experiencing some disease. He suffered from constant headaches, which are considered the doctor comes from psychosomatic disorders and treated with dream analysis. Reviews These headaches stopped after he was no longer sleeping with Olave and move to a new bedroom on the balcony of his house. His Prostate discharged in 1934, and in 1939 he moved to a house he built in Kenya, a country that once visited her to rest. He Died and was buried in Kenya, Nyeri, near Mount Kenya, on January 8th, 1941.
In 1938 the Royal Academy of Sweden confers Lord Baden-Powell and all the Scouting movement Nobel Peace Prize for 1939. But in 1939 the Royal Academy Decided not to Confer the prize for that year, because of the outbreak of World War II.
Scout movement and girl scout celebrate February 22 as a day of BP, date of birth along with Robert and Olave Baden-Powell, to commemorate and celebrate services chief scout and girl scout Chairman of the World.

Personal life.

In January 1912, Baden-Powell traveled to New York in the World Travel Scouting, by ship Arcadian, when he met with Olave St Clair Soames. He was 23 years old, while Baden-Powell 55 years old; they have the same birth date, February 22. They became engaged in September of the same year, causing a media sensation due to Baden-Powell's fame. To avoid interruption of the mass media, they married in secret on October 31, 1912, at St. Peter's Church, Parkstone. British scouting each contribute one penny to buy a wedding gift for Baden Powell, a car (note that this is not the Rolls-Royce they were presented with in 1929). There is a monument to their wedding in St Mary's Church, Brownsea Island.

Olave Baden-Powell and stayed at Pax Hill near Bentley, Hampshire from 1919 to 1939. Bentley was given to her father's house. Shortly after getting married, Baden-Powell began to suffer from a prolonged headache, which is considered by doctors coming from psychosomatic symptoms and treated with dream analysis. Headache was gone after he moved to the bed while on her balcony.

Baden-Powell had three children, one boy (Peter) and two women. In 1941 Peter continue Baden-Powell barony title.
Arthur Robert Peter (Peter), the title of Baron Baden-Powell to-2 (1913-1962). He is married to Carine Crause-Boardman in 1936, and has three children: Robert Crause, later 3rd Baron Baden-Powell; David Michael (Michael), current Heir to the titles, and Wendy.
Heather Grace (1915-1986), he was married to John King and had two children: Michael, died when the sinking of the SS Heraklion, and Timothy;
Betty (1917-2004), she married Charles Robert Clay Gervas in 1936 and had a daughter: Gillian, and three sons: Robin, Nigel and Crispin.
On one occasion, a sister named Auriol Olave Soames alias Davidson died in 1919, Olave and Robert took three nephews, Christian (1912-1975), Clare (1913-1980), and Yvonne, (1918-1995?), In the family them and regard them as their own children.
In 1939, Baden-Powell and Olave moved to Nyeri, Kenya, near Mount Kenya, where he previously had rested. A small room of the house, called Paxtu, Outspan Hotel located in the area, Eric Sherbrooke Walker, the first private secretary Baden-Powell and one of the first scouting inspectors. Walker also has Treetops Hotel, approximately as far as 17 km from Aberdare mountains, frequented by Baden-Powell and the community of Happy Valley set. Cottage Paxtu incorporated into the Outspan Hotel building serves as a museum and a small scouting.
Baden-Powell died on January 8, 1941 and was buried in the cemetery of St. Peter, Pain. Tombstone marked with a circle with a point in the middle "ʘ", which is a sign of a trail which means "Return home" (Going home), or "I have returned home" (I have gone home): When Olave his wife died, his ashes were sent to Kenya and was buried beside her husband. Kenya established a national monument Tomb of Baden-Powell.

Personal trust.

Tim Jeal, who wrote a biography titled Baden-Powell, found Baden-Powell's distrust of Communism led this implicit support, through naïveté, of fascism. In 1939, Baden-Powell in his diary wrote: "Lay up every day. Read Mein Kampf. An amazing book, with a good mind to education, health, propaganda, organization, and others, and thinking of Hitler is not practiced in him . "Baden-Powell admired Benito Mussolini in the early career as the leader of fascist Italy.
Some emblem "Thank You" at the earliest Scouting has a swastika on it. In a biography written by Michael Rosenthal, Baden-Powell wearing a swastika because he was a Nazi sympathizer. However, Jeal found Baden-Powell was ignorant of the symbol's growing association with Nazism, and that he uses the symbol to its Centuries-old meaning of "good luck" in India. In addition, Baden-Powell was named by the Nazis in "The Black Book of people to be Arrested during the conquest of Great Britain. Scouting was regarded as a dangerous spy organization by the Nazis. Finally, when the Nazi use of the swastika Became well- known, scouting stop using it.

Works and writings.

Baden-Powell made the painting and draw every day of his life. Most have a humorous or informative character. He publishes books and other texts during those years served in the military about his financial life and education itself.
Baden-Powell was regarded as an excellent storyteller. During his whole life he told "ripping yarns" to audiences. After publishing Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell kept on writing more textbooks and educational materials for all members of scouting, as well as directives for Scout leaders. In the following year, he also wrote about the Scout movement and its ideas for the future. He spent the last decade of his life in Africa, and many of his later books had African themes. Currently, many pages of his field diary, complete with drawings, stored in the National Scouting Museum in Irving, Texas.

Sexuality.

Initial discussions about sexuality Baden-Powell focuses on his relationship with his close friend Kenneth McLaren. Tim Jeal then discuss the biography discusses the relationship and finds that there is no conclusive evidence that this relationship was physical. Jeal then examined the Baden-Powell's view of women, his appreciation of the male form, military relations, and marriage, concluding that Baden-Powell MIGHT have been a repressed homosexual. Jeal's conclusion is shared by some experts biographies and disputed by others, but is not yet any Examined in detail by other scholars.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: August 24 2015 at 10:53

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Do You Know Henry Dunant.

Jean Henri Dunant (born May 8, 1828 - October 30, 1910 died at the age of 82 years), which is also known by the name of Henry Dunant, is Swiss businessman and social activist. When traveling for business in 1859, he witnessed the consequences of the Battle of Solferino, a location which today is a part of Italy. The memories and experiences that he wrote in a book entitled A Memory of Solferino (Solferino memories), which inspired the formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863. The 1864 Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's ideas. In 1901, he received the first Nobel Peace Prize, together with Frédéric Passy.

Youth and education Dunant.

Dunant was born in Geneva, Switzerland, the first son of businessman Jean-Jacques Dunant and his wife Antoinette Dunant-Colladon. His family are adherents of Calvin ('' Calvinist '') which is disobedient and have significant influence among the people of Geneva. Both parents stressed the value of social activities. Her father was active helping orphans and inmates serving parole, while her social activities to help the sick and the poor.
Dunant grew in the period of religious awakening known as the Réveil. At the age of 18, he joined the Association of Charity Geneva (Geneva Society for Alms Giving). In the following year, with his friends, he founded the association called "Thursday Association", a group of young people without formal membership bonds to meet regularly to study the Bible and help the poor. He spent much of his free time to visit prisons and conduct social activities. On November 30, 1852, Dunant founded the branch of the YMCA in Geneva. Three years later, he participated in the Paris meeting aimed at forming a YMCA became an international organization.
In 1849, when aged 21, Dunant was forced to leave Calvin College (Collège Calvin) because of poor academic achievement. He then became an apprentice in the foreign exchange market called Lullin et Sautter. After his apprenticeship finished with good achievements, he was appointed as an employee of the bank.

Algeria.

In 1853, Dunant visited Algeria, Tunisia, and Sicily as assigned by the company that serves "colonies Setif", ie a company called Compagnie genevoise de Colonies de Setif. Although lacking experience, Dunant successfully complete the assignment satisfactorily. Inspired by the travel experience, Dunant for the first time to write a book, which he titled Notice sur la Régence de Tunis (Tale of Regensi in Tunisia). This book was published in 1858.
In 1856, Dunant founded the company that operates in the colonial territories overseas and, after obtaining the concession of Algeria when it was under the occupation of France, he also founded the plantation and trading of corn called Société Financière et industrielle des Moulins des Mons-Djémila (Corporate Finance and Industry Milling Mons-Djémila). However, land and water rights promised not being clearly defined, while the colonial authorities in Algeria also be less cooperative. Therefore, Dunant decided to ask for help directly to the Emperor Napoleon III of France, which when it was in Lombardi with his troops. France was fighting on the side of Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria, when it occupied much of the territory that is today called Italy. Napoleon's headquarters is located in the small town of Solferino. Dunant wrote a book whose content is full of flattery and praise for Napoleon III for he had given to the emperor. Then he traveled to Solferino to meet personally with Napoleon III.

Battle of Solferino.

Dunant arrived in Solferino on the evening of June 24, 1859, just when the battles between the two sides had just finished. About 38 thousand soldiers lying on the battlefield in a state of wounded, dying, or dead, and there had been no significant efforts are being made to provide care to them. In a state of shock at the sight, Dunant took the initiative to mobilize the local civilian population, especially women, to provide aid to the wounded and sick soldiers. Because the supply of equipment and medicines needed to be inadequate, Dunant himself arranged the purchase of material needed it and helped set up a makeshift hospital. He managed to convince the locals to serve the injured regardless of which side they fought, according to the slogan "Tutti fratelli" (We are all brothers) are created by women from the town of Castiglione delle Stiviere not far from that place. He also succeeded in persuading the French to liberate Austrian doctors that they are captive.

Red Cross.

Upon his return to Geneva in early July, Dunant decided to write a book about his experience, which he later titled Un Souvenir de Solferino (Memories of Solferino). This book was published in 1862 by the number of 1,600 copies, printed on Dunant's own expense. In this book, Dunant depicts the fighting, the various costs of the fighting, and the chaotic circumstances caused. He also put forward the idea of ​​the need to establish a neutral organization to provide care to wounded soldiers. This book he shared with many political and military figures in Europe.
Dunant also began to travel across Europe to promote his ideas. The book received a very positive response. President of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare (Geneva Association for Public Welfare), ie a lawyer named Gustave Moynier, lift this book and proposals Dunant in it as a topic of its meeting on February 9, 1863. The members of the organization examines posals Dunant's proposal and gave a positive assessment. They then formed a committee consisting of five people to further explore the possibility of realizing the ideas of Dunant, and Dunant was appointed as a member of this Committee. The other four members in this committee was Gustave Moynier, the Swiss army general named Henri Dufour, and two doctors were respectively named Louis Appia and Théodore Maunoir. This committee met for the first time on February 17, 1863, which is now regarded as the date of the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
From the beginning, Moynier and Dunant disagree and wrangled over vision and plan their own, and their disagreement was getting bigger and bigger. Dunant Moynier considered the idea of ​​the need for protection set neutrality for the caregiver as difficult to accept the notion that sense as well as advising Dunant not insist impose the concept. However, Dunant continued to advocate the establishment in every way, and in every conversation with officials of high-level political and military. This sharpens the personal conflict between Moynier, taking a pragmatic approach to the project, and Dunant, a visionary idealist among the five members of the Committee. In the end, Moynier tried to attack and thwart Dunant when Dunant run for the position of chairman of the Committee.
In October 1863, 14 countries participated in the meeting organized by the Committee in Geneva to discuss the improvement of care for wounded soldiers. However, Dunant himself only became head of protocol at the meeting as a result of Moynier effort to minimize his role. A year later, on August 22, 1864, a diplomatic conference organized by the Swiss Parliament led to the signing of the First Geneva Convention by 12 countries. For this conference too, Dunant only served as a regulator of accommodation for the participants.

A forgotten past.

Business Dunant in Algeria decline, partly because of his devotion to the ideals of humanistic own. In April 1867, the bankruptcy of the financial firm Crédit Genevois led to a scandal involving Dunant. He was forced to declare bankruptcy and convicted by the Court of Commerce in Geneva on August 17, 1868 on deceptive practices in the bankruptcy case. His family and many of his friends are very affected by the collapse of Crédit Genevois because they are heavily invested in this company. Society in Geneva, a city with a deep-rooted tradition of Calvin, became very upset and excited that emerged calls for Dunant resigned from the International Committee of the Red Cross.
On August 25, 1868, he resigned from his post as Secretary of the Committee and, on September 8, he was removed entirely from the Committee. Moynier, who became President of the Committee since 1864, played a major role in getting rid of Dunant of the Committee.
In February 1868, Dunant's mother died. At the end of that year, Dunant was also expelled from the YMCA. In March 1867, he left his hometown, Geneva, and never returned to it. In the following years, Moynier apparently trying to use its influence to ensure that Dunant not to receive help or support from his friends. For example, the prize gold medal Sciences Morales at the Paris World Fair not be awarded to Dunant as planned, but given to Moynier, Dufour, and Dunant together so that all of the prize money is rightfully Committee. Napoleon III bid to take over half of Dunant's debt obligations with the proviso friends Dunant guarantee repayment of the other half was also thwarted by Moynier effort.
Dunant moved to Paris and lived there in a state of lack. However, he continues to embody the ideas and plans of humanity. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), he founded the Joint Humanitarian Aid Association ('' Allgemeine Fürsorgegesellschaft '') and, shortly after, he set up a Joint Alliance for Order and Civilization ('' Allianz für Allgemeine und Ordnung Zivilisation ''). Dunant argued about the need for disarmament negotiations held and the need to set up an international court to mediate international conflicts. Later, he sought the formation of the world library, an idea which has echoes in various projects in the future, among other UNESCO.
In the never-ending effort to advocate and realize ideas, Dunant increasingly ignore their personal financial situation so that he is increasingly in debt and shunned by his acquaintances. Although appointed as an honorary member of the Red Cross Society of Austria, Holland, Sweden, Prussia, and Spain, he was almost forgotten in the course of official Red Cross Movement, even when the movement is growing rapidly to other countries. Dunant lived in poverty and move where between 1874-1886, including Stuttgart, Rome, Korfu, Basel and Karlsruhe. Stuttgart, Dunant met students at the University Tübingan (Tübingen University) named Rudolf Müller and then a close friendship with him. In 1881, together with a number of friends from Stuttgart, Dunant for the first time go to Heiden, a resort village in Switzerland. In 1887, while living in London, he began to receive monthly financial support from some distant relatives. This allows him to live in a more secure financial condition. Dunant moved to Heiden in July 1887 and stayed in the village for the rest of his life. Since April 30 1892, he was living in hospitals and nursing homes, led by Dr. Hermann Altherr.
In Heiden, he met a young teacher named Wilhelm Sonderegger and his wife Susanna. They encouraged him to record his life experiences. Sonderegger's wife founded a branch of the Red Cross in Heiden and, in 1890, Dunant became honorary president of the branch. Given Sonderegger, Dunant hoped to promote his ideas further, including issuing a new edition of his book. However, their friendship later became strained because Dunant accusations unjustified that Sonderegger, together with Moynier in Geneva, conspired against him. Sonderegger died in 1904, at the age reaches 42 years. Despite their strained relationship, Dunant was deeply moved by the death Sonderegger that unexpected it. Admiration Wilhelm and Susanna Sonderegger on Dunant, whose remains they felt such accusations despite Dunant, passed on to their children. In 1935, their son, namely René, published a collection of letters written Dunant to his father.

Return the public mind.

In September 1895, Georg Baumberger, the chief editor of Die Ostschweiz, a newspaper published in St. Gall, wrote an article about the founder of the Red Cross, who had met and talked to him when they were walking around in Heiden a month earlier. The article entitled "Henri Dunant, founder of the Red Cross" (Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross) and appeared in a magazine published by the German pictorial, Über Land und Meer. With this article immediately reproduced in various other media across Europe. The article received rave so Dunant re-gain the attention and support of the audience. He then received the Binet-Fendt Prize Switzerland and a letter of Pope Leo XIII. Thanks to the assistance of the Russian czar's widow, namely Maria Feodorovna and other donations from various parties, Dunant's financial situation has greatly improved.
In 1897, Rudolf Müller, who was already working as a teacher in Stuttgart, wrote a book about the origins of the Red Cross. This book changed the official history of the Red Cross by emphasizing the role Dunant. This book also includes the text "Memories of Solferino." Dunant began correspondence with Bertha von Suttner and wrote a lot of articles and other writings. He was especially active in writing about women's rights. In 1897, Dunant facilitate the establishment of "Green Cross" (Green Cross), an organization of women who are short-lived and only active in Brussels.

Nobel Peace Prize.

In 1901, Dunant received the first Nobel Peace Prize ever awarded, namely for his role in founding the International Red Cross Movement and initiating the establishment of the Geneva Convention. Norwegian military physician Hans Daae, who had received a copy of Müller's writing a book, advocated Dunant case to the Nobel Committee. The prize is a collective prize given to Dunant and Frédéric Passy, ​​a French peace activist who founded the League of Peace and are active with Dunant in the Alliance for Order and Civilization (Alliance for Order and Civilization). Official congratulations were finally accepted Dunant of the International Committee of the Red Cross represents a rehabilitation of Dunant name:
"No one is more deserving to receive this honor, because it is you who forty years ago founded the international organization of humanitarian aid to the wounded on the battlefield. Without you, the Red Cross, which is the supreme humanitarian achievement of the nineteenth century, would never have been attempted. "
Moynier and the International Committee of the Red Cross as a whole was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Although Dunant gained the support of the widest range in the selection process, he remains a controversial candidate. Some parties argued that the Red Cross and the Geneva Convention makes war more attractive and tempting to alleviate some of the suffering caused by war. Therefore, Müller in his letter to the Nobel committee expressed his opinion that the prize should be divided between Dunant and Passy, ​​who had become prime candidate to be the sole recipient of the gift in the debate that occurred during the selection process. Müller also suggested that if it were Dunant deemed worthy to receive the Nobel Prize, the prize needs to be given to him in view of his advanced age and health condition has deteriorated.
Nobel Committee's decision to split the prize between Passy, ​​a man of peace, and Dunant, a humanitarian, a precedent for the requirements concerning the selection of the Nobel Peace Prize which have a significant impact on subsequent years. One part in Nobel's will says that the prize for peace is given to those who seek to reduce or eliminate the troops remain (standing armies) or seek to direct SCARA promoting peace conference. This is what makes Passy naturally selected to be the candidate receiving the prize thanks to its efforts in the field of peace. Giving the Nobel Prize for efforts in the humanitarian field alone would be a very striking, and it is considered by some parties as overly broad interpretation on wills Nobel. However, the other part in Nobel's will assign prizes to the best performers in improving "human brotherhood" (the brotherhood of people). It more generally could be interpreted as a message that humanitarian efforts as done by Dunant was also associated with peace efforts. Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in subsequent years are many in number were put into one of two categories for the first time established by the 1901 decision of the Nobel Committee.
Hans Daae succeeded in putting money prizes to be part Dunant, amounting to 104,000 Swiss francs, in a bank in Norway and preventing the money accessible to creditors Dunant. Dunant himself never used the slightest of money in his life.

Death and legacy.

Among several other awards received by Dunant in subsequent years was an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, which he received in 1903. Dunant lived in a nursing home in Heiden until his death. In the last years of his life, he suffered from depression and fear (paranoia) that he keeps sought by creditors and Moynier. Sometimes even Dunant urged the nursing home cook to taste the first ration of food in front of him so that he is protected from the possibility of being poisoned. Although claims remain convinced Christian, Dunant in the last years of his life refused and attacked Calvinism and organized religion (organized religion) in general.
According to the interpreter care of her, the last action performed in his life Dunant was sent a copy of a book written by Müller to the queen of Italy accompanied by a covering letter from Dunant himself. Dunant died on October 30, 1910, and his last words are "Where the disappearance of humanity?" Dunant died just two months after his nemesis, Moynier. Although the ICRC congratulated on conferment of the Nobel Prize Dunant, the two rivals were never reconciled.
As he wishes, Dunant was buried without ceremony in the Sihlfeld Cemetery in Zurich. In his will, he donated money to provide a "free bed" in a nursing home in Heiden, which should always be available for residents of the region's poor. He also gave some money, through a notary deed, to his friends and to charitable organizations in Norway and Switzerland. The rest of the money he gave to the creditors so that most of the debt is paid off. Dunant's inability to fully pay off debts become a big burden to him until the day of his death.
His birthday, May 8, is celebrated as the Day of Red Cross and Red Crescent World ('' World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day ''). Heiden nursing home that used to contain it is now a museum of Henry Dunant. In Geneva and other cities there are a lot of roads, courts, and schools are named after him. Henry Dunant Medal, which is awarded every two years by the Standing Committee of the Red Cross Movement and the International Red Cross, the highest award bestowed by the Movement.
Dunant's life story is told, with some elements of fiction, in movies D'homme à hommes (1948), starring Jean-Louis Barrault. Dunant's lifetime when the Red Cross was founded shown in the film titled international coproduction Henry Dunant: Red on the Cross (2006). In 2010, the Takarazuka Revue staged musical based on experience Dunant at Solferino and the founding of the Red Cross. This musical drama titled ソ ル フ ェ リ ー ノ の 夜 明 け (Dawn in Solferino, or the disappearance of Humanitarian Where?).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: August 23 2015 at 11:30

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Ancient Egypt.

Egypt is one country in the world that has a past history very long. Her civilization was believed to be a highly advanced civilization in the past. Pyramids, Pharaoh Story, Cleoptra, and the Sphinx has become a symbol of the countries crossed by the Nile's.

As a country rich in history this time Egypt became one of the countries most visited by students and researchers. Many students from all over the world who spend their time in school in the country of Egypt. Many of the researchers who every day researching all the pre-history in Egypt.

One study being conducted by researchers the world about the state of Egypt is the Ancient Egyptian civilization. The researchers believe ancient Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Ancient Egyptian civilization is in the northeastern part of Africa that is centered along the lower reaches of the Nile.

This civilization is believed to have evolved over more than three millennia and has reached the construction techniques of monuments such as the pyramids, temples, and obeliks, knowledge of mathematics, engineering treatment, and agricultural irrigation systems, the first ship, the technology of pottery and much more.

Even some relics of ancient Egyptian civilization has been the inspiration for many inventors to develop an invention, which until now could be useful for all people around the world.

Some relics of ancient Egypt that has Changing and Inspiring the World:

Writing language.

Egyptian writing system begins with a pictogram that was first created in 6000 BC. Pictogram simply describe the words they want to express though still limited. Over time, some added elements including characters such as the alphabet that represent sounds and other characters that make them able to write the name and abstract ideas.

In the end, these characters developed into hieroglyphics that combines alphabet, syllabic symbols, as well ideograms. Hieroglyphs is a combination logograf and alphabet. Comes from the year 3000 BC, hieroglyphic writing system is sdalah one of the oldest known to man.

Plow.

Historian actually could not confirm the origin from which the rover. Based on the existing relics, supposedly the Egyptians and Sumerians who first used the tool around the year 4000 BC. Plow when it is very mild and ineffective, unable to dig deep. Initially the rover using manpower, but it was changed in 2000 BC after the domestication of the bull by the Indus Valley Civilization.

Shaving and Hair Cut.

Allegedly because of the heat, the long hair and beard that makes people feel uncomfortable Ancient Egypt to maintain it. They are very diligent short cut and shave the hair on the head and face. In the end, the Egyptians created a razor sharp blade in the form of stone with wooden handles that would later evolve into the shaver blade of copper.

Strangely though they happy to shave, they like to wear a wig and a false beard made of shaving the hair and wool from sheep. The length of a false beard determined from the level position, the longer the more shows that he had important positions in the kingdom of Ancient Egypt.

Bowling.

Estimated to come from the second and third centuries AD, precisely at the time of the Roman occupation, the archaeologists found a room in which there trajectories and balls of various sizes. Trajectory in length 3.9 m, width 20 cm, depth 9.6 cm by 11.9 cm square hole in the center.

In contrast to the present, the Ancient Egyptians to direct the ball into the hole in the middle. His opponent was in the opposite direction and usually use a ball with different sizes in order to get rid of an opponent who has the ball in the middle.

Toothpaste and Toothbrush.

Just like today, the problem of bad breath resulting from poor dental health. The difference is, the Egyptians are not drinking soda or eating a lot of candy that can damage teeth, but rather a result of sand and gravel left on their bread flour milling effect of using rocks. Because eating this bread they erode tooth enamel and also cause an infection in the mouth. At that time they did not have a dentist so they have created a tool that can clean teeth.

In addition to the toothpick, they also created a toothbrush of branches. They also created a toothpaste that was originally made from flour nail ox, ash, burnt eggshells and pumice. Archaeologists discovered the recipe record toothpaste and brushing teeth guide written on papyrus paper comes from the fourth century AD during the Roman occupation. The author is not named also explains how to mix rock salt, mint, dried iris flower, and grains of pepper to be powder for white and perfect teeth.

Calendar.

For us the calendar is usually useful to know how today's date, date of appointment with the dentist or the date of birth of the people we care about. Ancient Egypt in the future, the calendar associated with the feast and famine.

Without calendar Egyptians would not know when the annual flooding of the Nile begins. With the calendar, the whole farming system they can avoid greater risks. Ancient Egyptian calendar divided into three seasons, namely flood (inundation), grow, and harvest.

Each season consists of four months each month consists of 30 days. Among the harvest season and the flood season, added five days of the day epagonal, in the form of a religious holiday to honor the Gods.

Papyrus paper.

The invention of paper in China in 140 BC was not the oldest. The Egyptians have made paper from papyrus approximately the year 3500 BC. In addition to paper, papyrus fibers are also used as mats, slippers, screen, and others.

Papyrus used for writing religious texts, literature to music. This paper spread from the Middle East to Europe so comes the word "paper" in English, "papier" in German, Dutch, and French, also "papel" in Spanish.

Lock doors.

Lock the door was first invented around 4000 BC. Originally made of vertical wooden keys consisting of several loose wood and pegs of different lengths. Is mounted pegs into the holes at the top of a wooden bolt, preventing the bolts to move and open the door.

Oblique slots are reserved for the long wooden keys with long pegs located on the surface and in accordance with the pegs in vertical pairs. When the key is inserted into the bolt and lifted, the pegs in the house evenly aligned at the top of the bolt, and allowed the door to be opened.

Mint candy.

If we feel less than fresh breath or feel bad breath, immediately we can stop by the supermarket or shop to buy candy Mentos or coolia. As discussed earlier, the Egyptians have problems with dental health because he had eaten bread.

And we should be grateful to the Ancient Egyptians, since it is they who first created a mint. To reduce bad breath due to oral and dental problems, it was created a mint which was originally a mixture of frankincense, myrrh, cinnamon and honey are boiled together and then formed into small dots.

Make up for Eyes.

As is often seen in the movies associated with Ancient Egypt, the Egyptian people that wear eye makeup is typical. Eye makeup is used not only for women, but men also wear them.

Eye makeup that still exists today is kohl. Kohl eyeliner of black powder is applied to the eye using the applicator from animal bones, stone, wood or thin plate-shaped silver.

Kohl used to darken the eyelids, eyebrows, and eyelashes. 

According to most ancient people, the beauty of women is measured by the beauty of eyes looked sharp, big and round. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: August 20, 2015 at 13:50

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Dangerous Operation Genesis.

Surgery is a surgical procedure in medicine. Operations performed when a patient has a health problem or disease in the body and can not be cured only with the use of medication alone. Then to treat certain health problems through surgery is always done as a final settlement of a health problem.

Surgery is not done just like that, not many patients and medical experts are allowed to perform the operation. When performing surgery procedures must all be met. Because the operation was conducted by dissecting one's organs, the level of accuracy and a high concentration actually become very important for the doctors and nurses involved. One bit when the operation can cause highly lethal effect.

But his name is also human, nothing is perfect in the world, even though they had done all the best anyway unexpected things can happen. As some crazy and bizarre events that follows, which is currently ongoing operating some silly incident actually performed by doctors, nurses and patients.

Some Strange and crazy events such as the patient continues to sing, patients fiddling while in operation make a doctor's surgery process questionable. In fact, most patients are not happy with what is done by doctors and nurses during surgery to reap many blasphemies and insults from various circles.

Some crazy and bizarre incident while conducting operations :

Posting Organ Human Body Into Social Media.

The first incident occurred in October 2014, where a nursing student from Russia face a reprimand for posting a photo of himself holding human organs. It belongs to the organ surgery patient and he considered insulting to the patient in social networking.

20-year-old college student named Gulnaz Yalalova it posted a photo of himself holding a portion of the spleen as well as harassing surgery patients. More than that he had insulted a teenage patient in a hospital in Kazan, 500 miles east of Moscow. Considered unsuitable for the profession, Gulnaz now seem to have to bury his dream of becoming a nurse.

Patients Main Violin Current Operations.

Furthermore crazy and silly events that occur in the counter operation is performed by a violinist named Naomi Elishuv. While doing the operation itself alter brain surgery which he lived into his tub mini concert. The woman who became a member of the National Symphony Orchestra of Lithuania has been diagnosed with essential tremor in the brain and was forced to stop playing the violin since 20 years ago.

On September 9, 2013, Naomi underwent surgery at the medical center of Tel Aviv Sourasky to suppress the symptoms of brain tremor. The surgeon inserts the pacemaker into the troubled region in the brain Naomi to adjust the vibration through an electrical current.

Functional neurologist that place that Yitzhak Fried was asked Naomi to keep playing the violin so that the doctors involved in the surgery it could monitor the proper stimulation in the brain until the tremors disappeared. Strange and unique too well, but if there is one mistake could be fatal in the future.

Patients Keep Singing At Medium Operations.

A singer from Ghana, Alama Kante, keep singing while undergoing surgical removal of a tumor from her throat. Alama visibly relaxed singing despite critical condition. Why is that, because he seems to be hypnotized in order not to lose the vocal cords during the operation running. Even during surgery, Alama only given a local anesthetic for the sake of relieving pain.

In a videotape exists, Alama looks still singing despite being the team doctor remove a tumor in his throat. The tumor was located in the parathyroid glands, and because singing during the critical period, surgeons successfully saving his vocal cords.

Live Tweet When the operation.

Usually the name of the live tweet it reported a music concert or other important events. Well, if you live tweet surgery how? That is what the hospital Houton's Memorial Hermann on May 9, 2012. Where they do live tweet brain surgery led by leading surgeons in the field, doctor Dong Kim.

The patients were not told his identity, was diagnosed with a tumor after suffering a seizure. Kim and his surgical team uses a set of technologies that are able to find the point in the patient's brain tumor. Crazy, the whole process of the operation was photographed and posted just in social networking. Even the doctors had time to answer any questions the patient. Euwh. Crazy.

Blurred doctor when Operation.

Since 2013, Silvino Perez are in a vegetative state because of complications from open heart surgery. Family Perez insisted the radiologist, doctor Chaudhry Parvaiz in Fresno Community Regional Medical Center. California, left the scene before the operation took place Perez finished for the sake of attending a luncheon and let the open chest cavity Perez granted.

Then appeared complications and Perez heart stopped beating. The doctor immediately returned to the operating room in order to save Perez, but the damage was too much. Until finally Perez never woke up until the moment in

Names in the Stomach Patient carve.

Maybe a doctor named Alan Zarkin has the talent to be an artist. Yep, as you know if the artists often give initials on each work. Well, because Alan was a doctor, so he carved his name on the sign of the patient's stomach. No one guessed if Alan carve his initials in the stomach of a patient after surgery.

However, the patient apparently did not like. He felt harassed because of Alan's initials carved as a scar on her stomach. The patient sued the hospital and the doctor Alan Zorro with compensation of USD 5.5 million (USD 66.9 billion).

Burned When Being in operation.

Lastly crazy and strange occurrences at the time of the operation was going on in 2005, Rita Talbert undergo a simple surgery to fix her thyroid. But instead he woke up a week later in intensive care and pain and horror at the sight of her face in the mirror. His chin has disappeared, his nose broken and part of his mouth melt. Despite undergoing surgery dozen facial construction, Rita still difficult to eat, drink and breathe.

The Doctor then explained that if an incident occurs when the thyroid surgery Rita. Where electrosurgical instrument triggering oxygen in the mask, causing a fire that destroyed his face. But apparently the case with Rita is not the first time this has happened. There are 550-650 patients a year who experienced fire incidents during the operation. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: August 20, 2015 at 12:26

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Longest road Above Sea.

The toll road is an alternative way to solve traffic congestion or to shorten the distance from one place to another. To enjoy it, the toll road users have to pay according to the applicable tariff.

Tariffs are based on vehicle class. Building or facility where tolls are collected can be called toll gates, toll houses, toll plaza or in Indonesia, better known as toll booths.

In the development of toll roads is not only built on the mainland alone, a variety of new breakthroughs have been undertaken by various countries including Indonesia. Now the existing toll road built over the sea. Such as Bali Mandara Toll Road which is the first toll road built over the sea in Indonesia, also said Toll Bali Mandara is the most beautiful highways in Indonesia.

On the road some of the world's Longest Sea has been completed and is already in use are:

Toll Road Jiaozhou Bay.

The highway was officially opened by the Chinese government on June 30, 2011. The highway is named Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, located in Qingdao, east China's Shandong Province. Jiaozhou Bay is the longest cross-sea highways in the world with a length of 42 kilometers or 26.4 miles.

At that time to finish this project will cost US $ 1.5 billion, or around Rp 12.8 trillion. Toll bridge is supported by more than 5,000 poles. Work on the bridge was completed in 4 years. This highway every day traversed by 30,000 vehicles, it took 30 minutes for a vehicle can traverse this highway.

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway.

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, in America, is a toll road is long and consists of two lines. The toll road is built on Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, USA, has a length of 38.4 km, connecting two major cities in the United States.

This bridge connects the southern part of the city of New Orleans, while the northern part is connected with the city of Mandeville. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway Bridge, was completed and inaugurated in 1956, and applied as a toll road.

Chesapeake Bay Bridge.

The toll road has a length of 24.140 km across the bay Chesepake in Maryland USA. This bridge connects the East Coast region rural country with a more urban Western Shore.

The original span opened in 1952 and, at that time, with a length of 6.9 km, it is the world's longest continuous over-water steel structure. Parallel span was added in 1973.

Toll Road Penang, Malaysia.

Penang bridge is a two-lane highway that connects Bayan Lepas in Penang Island and Seberang Prai on the mainland peninsular Malaysia. The bridge is also related to the North-South Cross Road in Prai and Jelutong Toll Road in Bayan Lepas.

The toll road was opened on 14 September 1985. The overall length of the bridge is about 13.5 km, making the bridge is one of the longest bridge in Southeast Asia and is a landmark of Malaysia.

Prior to 1985, the transportation between the island of Penang and the mainland is only served by ferries between Butterworth and George Town. Users only need to pay the fare when heading Penang, and not have to pay when leaving the island, one-way fare of 5.6 Ringgit.

By 2004, a toll bridge was expanded from 4 to 6 lanes to serve traffic increases. Then on August 13, 2009 inaugurated the Minister of Public Works Malaysia Dato 'Shaziman Abu Mansor.

Bali Mandara Toll Road.

Bali Mandara Toll Road toll road over the sea is the first built in Indonesia, the Toll Road was inaugurated by former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 23 September 2013. This toll road is the first toll in Indonesia were built on the sea so it is considered as the most beautiful highway ,

For those who have never heard the name of this street, ok will mimin discuss a little bit here. As shown in the photo above, Bali Mandara Toll Road is a toll road that connects the sea above the 3 areas in Bali, Ngurah Rai Tuban area, the Port of Benoa and Nusa Dua.

Besides Bali Mandara Toll Road is the first toll road over the sea which has lanes for two-wheeled vehicles. The track is located on the left shoulder. For every bike that comes in, charged Rp. 4000. The speed limit for vehicles in the toll lanes is 25 to 40 km / h.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/08/longest-road-above-sea.html
DatePublished: August 20, 2015 at 10:26

Tag : Longest road Above Sea.

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