After attending school at Charterhouse, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the city in the Siege of Mafeking. Some military-themed books written for reconnaissance and scout training in Africa in the widely read by boys. Based on previous books, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Pearson, for youth readership. During the writing, he tested his ideas through a camping trip on Brownsea Island with the Boys' Brigade and the neighbor kid who started on August 1, 1907, which was then regarded as the beginning of scouting activities.
After his marriage with Olave St. Clair Soames, Baden-Powell, his sister Agnes Baden-Powell and especially his wife are very active in providing guidance to the Scout Movement and Scout Princess. Baden-Powell died in Nyeri, Kenya in 1941.
Early life.
Baden-Powell was born with the name of Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell, or more familiar with the call Stephe Powell, at number 6 Stanhope Street (now number 11 Stanhope Terrace) Paddington, London on February 22, 1857. He was named Robert Stephenson, while Smyth is the maiden name from his mother. His father was a pastor named Baden-Powell, a Savilian who teaches geometry at Oxford University and has had four children from two previous marriages. On March 10, 1846 at St Luke's Church, Chelsea, Rev. Powell married Henrietta Grace Smyth (3 September 1824 - October 13, 1914), the eldest daughter of Admiral William Henry Smyth and 28 years younger. So quickly born Warington (early 1847), George (late 1847), Augustus (1849) and Francis (1850). After three children died when they were very young, they have Stephe, Agnes (1858) and Baden (1860). The third and youngest child of Augustus sickly. Reverend Powell died when Stephe three years old, and as a tribute to him and to organize his own children were separated from brothers and cousins, his mother (Henrietta Grace Smyth) changed the family name into Baden-Powell. Furthermore, Stephe raised by his mother, a woman who It set out that his children should succeed. Baden-Powell said of his mother in 1933 The secret of my success is my mother.After attending Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells, Stephe was awarded a scholarship to the school at Charterhouse. His first introduction to scouting skills, the skill to hunt and cooking animals - and avoiding teachers - in the nearby woods, which is also a forbidden area. He is also good at playing the piano and violin, able to paint well with both hands and love to play the role (drama). The holidays spent by doing a lot of sailing or canoeing expeditions with his brothers.
Army career.
In 1876, Baden-Powell joined the 13th Hussars in India. In 1895 he held special service in Africa and returned to India in 1897 to command the 5th Dragoon forces. Baden-Powell each other and honed his scouting skills Dinizulu Zulu king in the early 1880s in the province of Natal, South Africa where his regiment was placed and he was given an award for his courage.In 1896, Baden-Powell was assigned to the Matabele in Southern Rhodesia (now known as Zimbabwe) as chief of staff under General Frederick Carrington during the War Matabele Second, and there the first time she met the man who later became her closest friend, Frederick Russell Burnham, US-born soldier who served as head of the British reconnaissance troops. Its presence there will be a very important, not only because Baden-Powell the opportunity to lead the difficult missions in enemy territory, but the moment that he got the inspiration to make a lot of scouting education system. He joined the team reconnaissance (spy) in the Valley of Matobo. Burnham began to teach woodcraft to Baden-Powell, the expertise that also provide inspiration to develop programs / curriculum and scouting honor code. Woodcraft is a skill that is widely known and controlled in the United States, but unknown in the UK. Expertise that is the forerunner of what is left is often called Scouting skills.
Both realize that natural conditions and war in Africa is much different than in the UK. So they planned a training program for British troops to be able to adapt. The training program was given to young children, it was full of materials about exploration, trekking, camping and increased confidence.
At that time also the first time for Baden Powell wearing his trademark hat (cowboy hat similar Burnham) as an identifier and is still used by members of scouting worldwide. Additionally, Baden-Powell also received trumpet (trumpet) kudu, equipment in Ndebele War. The trumpet will be blown up every morning to awaken the participants of the first Scout campsite at sea Brown Islands.
Three years later, in South Africa during the Boer War II. Baden-Powell was placed in the small town of Mafeking in the Boer forces number far more than in the previous place. The Mafeking Cadet Corps is a group of young men who served to bring the message to other forces. Although they are not experienced in dealing with the enemy, they managed to fight the enemy to defend the city (1899-1900), and the events which also became one of the factors that inspired Baden-Powell in making scouting material. Everyone in the force received the award bedge needle-shaped compass combined with an arrowhead. Bedge is shaped like the fleur de lis, logo, which until now used as the logo of the scouting organization in many countries around the world.
In the United Kingdom, people read news accomplishment Baden-Powell in Mafeking thus led forces in his home country, he became a "National Hero". This gives the advantage, because he wrote a small book "Aids to Scouting" to be sold well.
Returning to England, he saw his books have been popular and widely used by teachers to educate his students, and youth who are active in the organization. Because of that, he was asked to rewrite the book to be easily understood by young people, especially for members of the Boys' Brigade, a large youth organizations and military nuanced. Baden-Powell began to think a possibility that this can grow much larger. He began studying other materials that coud be a material lesson in scouting.
July 1906, Ernest Thompson Seton Baden-Powell sent a copy of his book entitled The birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians. Seton, is a Canadian who was born in England and lived in the United States. He met with aden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs. In 1907, Baden-Powell wrote a draft of a book called Boy Patrols. In the same year, to test his idea, he gathered 21 young people with a backdrop assortment (invited from several schools for boys in London, namely Poole, Parkstone, Hamworthy, Bournemouth, and Winton Boys' Brigade units) and hold camp for a week at Brownsea Island, Poole Harbour, Dorset, England. The method applied in the camp is to give an opportunity to the youth to set up their own groups to form small groups and choose one member of the group as a leader.
The summer of 1907, Baden-Powell perform surgical promo and his new book, "Scouting for Boys". He did not just rewrite the book "Aids to Scouting" that more material on defense. In the new book, his military aspects minimized and replaced with the techniques of non-military (particularly survival) as pioneering and exploration. He also incorporate an innovative educational principles, called the Scout method (method of scouting). She is also creative with making interesting games as a means of mental education.
Scouting for Boys was initially introduced in England in January 1908 in 6 volumes. In the same year, the book is printed in the form of the book intact. Until now, the book is ranked fourth in the list of world bestseller of all time.
At first, Baden-Powell was asked to be a "builder" organization The Boys' Brigade, which was founded William A. Smith. Then, due to the ever increasing popularity as well as writing about adventures in the open, many young men began to form groups of scouting and Baden-Powell "flooded with orders" to be the builder of those groups. From now on that the Scout Movement (Scout Movement) began to grow rapidly.
Returning to England.
After returning, Baden-Powell found that his military manual "Aids to Scouting" has become a bestseller, and has been used by teachers and youth organizations.Returned from a meeting with the founder of the Boys' Brigade, Sir William Alexander Smith, Baden-Powell decided to re-write Aids to Scouting to suit a youth readership, and in 1907 made a camp on Brownsea Island along with 22 boys from different backgrounds, to test some of his ideas. The book "Scouting for Boys" later published in 1908 in 6 volumes.
Teenagers form the "Scout Troops" spontaneously and the Scouting movement had inadvertently started, first a national and then at international level. The scouting movement was developed along with the Boys' Brigade. A meeting for all the scouts held at Crystal Palace in London in 1908, where Baden-Powell discovered the first girl scout movement. Girl scout then established in 1910 under the auspices of Baden-Powell's sister, Agnes Baden-Powell.
Although he can actually become the Supreme Commander, Baden Powell decided to retire from the army in 1910 with the rank of Lieutenant General on the advice of King Edward VII, who suggested THAT it better serve his country by promoting Scouting.
On January 1912 Baden-Powell met his future wife Olave Soames on an ocean liner (Arcadia) on the way to New York to begin the World Scout's visit. She was 23, he 55, and they shared the same birthday. They became engaged in September of the same year and became the sensation of the press, perhaps because of the fame of Baden-Powell, because of the age difference as it was prevalent at the time. To avoid press intrusion, they married in secret on October 30, 1912. It is said that Baden-Powell had only one other adventures with women (pertunganannya who failed to Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon).
British scouts donate a penny each and they buy Baden-Powel wedding gift, a Rolls Royce.
World War I and the subsequent events.
When World War I broke out in 1914, Baden-Powell offered himself to the position of War. There is no responsibility given to him, because, as stated by Lord Kitchener: "he could get some divisional generals but could find no one who is able to continue the work of the Boy Scouts." Rumored that Baden-Powell was engaged in espionage and secret services are trying to promote the myth.Baden-Powell was awarded Baronet in 1922, and was created Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell in the County of Essex, in 1929. Gilwell Park is the International Scout Leader training center. Baden-Powell was awarded the Order of Merit of the British honors system in 1937, and was awarded 28 other titles from foreign countries.
In a short poem he wrote, he explained how to pronounce his name:
Man, Nation, Maiden
Please call it Baden.
Further, for Powell
Rhyme it with Noël.
Under his dedicated command the world Scouting movement grew. In 1922 there were more than a million scouts in 32 countries; in 1939 the number of scouts was in excess of 3.3 million people.
Baden-Powell family has three children - one boy and two women (who got honorary titles in 1929; son later succeeding his father in 1941:
Peter, later 2nd Baron Baden-Powell (1913-1962)
Hon. Heather Baden-Powell (1915-1986)
Hon. Betty Baden-Powell (1917-2004) who in 1936 married with Gervase Charles Robert Clay (born in 1912 and have 3 boys and 1 girl)
Shortly after getting married, Baden-Powell dealing with health issues, and experiencing some disease. He suffered from constant headaches, which are considered the doctor comes from psychosomatic disorders and treated with dream analysis. Reviews These headaches stopped after he was no longer sleeping with Olave and move to a new bedroom on the balcony of his house. His Prostate discharged in 1934, and in 1939 he moved to a house he built in Kenya, a country that once visited her to rest. He Died and was buried in Kenya, Nyeri, near Mount Kenya, on January 8th, 1941.
In 1938 the Royal Academy of Sweden confers Lord Baden-Powell and all the Scouting movement Nobel Peace Prize for 1939. But in 1939 the Royal Academy Decided not to Confer the prize for that year, because of the outbreak of World War II.
Scout movement and girl scout celebrate February 22 as a day of BP, date of birth along with Robert and Olave Baden-Powell, to commemorate and celebrate services chief scout and girl scout Chairman of the World.
Personal life.
In January 1912, Baden-Powell traveled to New York in the World Travel Scouting, by ship Arcadian, when he met with Olave St Clair Soames. He was 23 years old, while Baden-Powell 55 years old; they have the same birth date, February 22. They became engaged in September of the same year, causing a media sensation due to Baden-Powell's fame. To avoid interruption of the mass media, they married in secret on October 31, 1912, at St. Peter's Church, Parkstone. British scouting each contribute one penny to buy a wedding gift for Baden Powell, a car (note that this is not the Rolls-Royce they were presented with in 1929). There is a monument to their wedding in St Mary's Church, Brownsea Island.Olave Baden-Powell and stayed at Pax Hill near Bentley, Hampshire from 1919 to 1939. Bentley was given to her father's house. Shortly after getting married, Baden-Powell began to suffer from a prolonged headache, which is considered by doctors coming from psychosomatic symptoms and treated with dream analysis. Headache was gone after he moved to the bed while on her balcony.
Baden-Powell had three children, one boy (Peter) and two women. In 1941 Peter continue Baden-Powell barony title.
Arthur Robert Peter (Peter), the title of Baron Baden-Powell to-2 (1913-1962). He is married to Carine Crause-Boardman in 1936, and has three children: Robert Crause, later 3rd Baron Baden-Powell; David Michael (Michael), current Heir to the titles, and Wendy.
Heather Grace (1915-1986), he was married to John King and had two children: Michael, died when the sinking of the SS Heraklion, and Timothy;
Betty (1917-2004), she married Charles Robert Clay Gervas in 1936 and had a daughter: Gillian, and three sons: Robin, Nigel and Crispin.
On one occasion, a sister named Auriol Olave Soames alias Davidson died in 1919, Olave and Robert took three nephews, Christian (1912-1975), Clare (1913-1980), and Yvonne, (1918-1995?), In the family them and regard them as their own children.
In 1939, Baden-Powell and Olave moved to Nyeri, Kenya, near Mount Kenya, where he previously had rested. A small room of the house, called Paxtu, Outspan Hotel located in the area, Eric Sherbrooke Walker, the first private secretary Baden-Powell and one of the first scouting inspectors. Walker also has Treetops Hotel, approximately as far as 17 km from Aberdare mountains, frequented by Baden-Powell and the community of Happy Valley set. Cottage Paxtu incorporated into the Outspan Hotel building serves as a museum and a small scouting.
Baden-Powell died on January 8, 1941 and was buried in the cemetery of St. Peter, Pain. Tombstone marked with a circle with a point in the middle "ʘ", which is a sign of a trail which means "Return home" (Going home), or "I have returned home" (I have gone home): When Olave his wife died, his ashes were sent to Kenya and was buried beside her husband. Kenya established a national monument Tomb of Baden-Powell.
Personal trust.
Tim Jeal, who wrote a biography titled Baden-Powell, found Baden-Powell's distrust of Communism led this implicit support, through naïveté, of fascism. In 1939, Baden-Powell in his diary wrote: "Lay up every day. Read Mein Kampf. An amazing book, with a good mind to education, health, propaganda, organization, and others, and thinking of Hitler is not practiced in him . "Baden-Powell admired Benito Mussolini in the early career as the leader of fascist Italy.Some emblem "Thank You" at the earliest Scouting has a swastika on it. In a biography written by Michael Rosenthal, Baden-Powell wearing a swastika because he was a Nazi sympathizer. However, Jeal found Baden-Powell was ignorant of the symbol's growing association with Nazism, and that he uses the symbol to its Centuries-old meaning of "good luck" in India. In addition, Baden-Powell was named by the Nazis in "The Black Book of people to be Arrested during the conquest of Great Britain. Scouting was regarded as a dangerous spy organization by the Nazis. Finally, when the Nazi use of the swastika Became well- known, scouting stop using it.
Works and writings.
Baden-Powell made the painting and draw every day of his life. Most have a humorous or informative character. He publishes books and other texts during those years served in the military about his financial life and education itself.Baden-Powell was regarded as an excellent storyteller. During his whole life he told "ripping yarns" to audiences. After publishing Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell kept on writing more textbooks and educational materials for all members of scouting, as well as directives for Scout leaders. In the following year, he also wrote about the Scout movement and its ideas for the future. He spent the last decade of his life in Africa, and many of his later books had African themes. Currently, many pages of his field diary, complete with drawings, stored in the National Scouting Museum in Irving, Texas.
Sexuality.
Initial discussions about sexuality Baden-Powell focuses on his relationship with his close friend Kenneth McLaren. Tim Jeal then discuss the biography discusses the relationship and finds that there is no conclusive evidence that this relationship was physical. Jeal then examined the Baden-Powell's view of women, his appreciation of the male form, military relations, and marriage, concluding that Baden-Powell MIGHT have been a repressed homosexual. Jeal's conclusion is shared by some experts biographies and disputed by others, but is not yet any Examined in detail by other scholars.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: August 24 2015 at 10:53
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