Awareness of human rights rooted in human nature itself, the awareness of the potential and dignity of the human person . Live human dignity , ideals , and goals of his life in this world . Increasing awareness that if he gets a lot of challenges, such as colonialism and slavery and injustice and despotism
(tyranny).
Since Prophet Moses freeing the Jews from slavery in Egypt , humans have actually awakened by it in order for them to defend freedom , truth , and justice .
In the famous Babylonian Hammurabi's law (2000 BC ) , which establishes the legal provisions that guarantee justice for all its citizens. Laws of Hammurabi is famous as a guarantee of human rights .
Then Solon ( 600 BC ) in Athens is also holding renewal by crafting legislation that ensures fairness and equality for every citizen . He taught that the people who enslaved being unable to repay their debts should be released .
Solon form a court of justice is called Heliaea . He also formed a people's representative body or council people called Ecclesia . Therefore , Solon regarded as the father of the doctrine of democracy .
Pericles , Athens was also a statesman figure , trying to ensure justice for the poor citizens . He stipulates that every citizen aged 18 years and above can participate in the deliberations in the Ecclesia .
Flavius Anicius Justinian , the Roman kaisra ( 527 BCE) , creates legal rules and patterns that form the basis of modern legal systems in the West . Principles of Justinian legal provisions regarding the guarantee of justice and human rights .
As also cultivated the idea that some statesman , the Greek philosophers also quite advanced . Conception of Socrates ( 470-399 BC ) and Plato ( 428-348 BCE) is the foundation stone of the recognition of human rights . They teach human rights or citizens who criticize the government are not based on justice and wisdom .
Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) taught that government must be based on the will and aspirations of the majority of citizens .
Then , on June 15, 1215 , of the results of the deliberations of the group of English nobility born Magna Charta Charter is very famous in the world . The purpose of the charter is to defend justice for the nobles against the king's actions were arbitrary .
Magna Charta had previously been briefly discussed in the article history 4 English folk charter rights , which includes the following principles :
First : the power of the government ( the king ) should be limited .
Second : human rights are more important than sovereignty ( the king's power . Nobody from free citizen to be detained , or deprived of his property , or raped , or exiled , or in any manner raped his rights , except by legal considerations .
With the contents of the charter , the Magna Charta became a symbol of the Charter of Human Rights . He taught that the law and a higher law than the king's power .
Six centuries before the birth of the Magna Charta , St. Augustine teaches that " the only just law is the law of God " . Later , Thomas Aquinas (1215-1274) taught that " the law , the law can only be made by the will of the people , or by a king who reflect and represent the will of the people " .
Precept upon precept emerged as a leader of nations to respect human dignity . However , the rape of human rights sometimes come from his own people , the king and the nobility , or the rich ( landlords , the capital , and so on ) .
Revolution Americans with declaration of independence on July 4, 1776 was also a charter of human rights since the declaration contains a statement that all men are indeed created equal and equal by the Creator . All men are endowed by their Creator the right to life , liberty , and the freedom to enjoy happiness .
Similarly the French Revolution on July 14, 1789 , which lowered the reign of King Louis arbitrary . They , the commoners , stormed the Bastille prison in restraint of human liberty. This revolution pioneered by the great French
thinkers , such as j . Rousseau , Voltaire , and Montesqueiu .
They all slogan Liberte , Egalite , and Fraternite , which means : liberty, equality and fraternity . Slogan that evokes the spirit of man to fight for freedom and respect the principle of equality of nations and to foster the spirit of friendship between nations .
U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is also famous as a warrior defender of human rights and anti- slavery leader . Abraham Lincoln teaches independence and equality for all citizens regardless of skin color , gender and religion .
In the midst of the turmoil of World War 2 in 1941 , U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt advocated in the face of People's Representative Council or the Congress , so that in the war against fascism countries : Germany , Japan , and Italy based on the four kinds of freedom or rights humans in order to achieve a lasting peace .
These four kinds of freedom that is as follows :
1 . Freedom of speech and gave birth to the mind .
2 . Freedom of religious choice in accordance with their respective beliefs .
3 . Freedom from fear .
4 . Freedom of shortages and hunger .
These four kinds of freedom as recommended by President Roosevelt when it is felt have included purposes of war against fascist and rights are paramount . It is true that the human rights , although it still can be itemized again essentially stems on the four kinds of freedom .
After World War II ended , started in 1946 was composed of a draft Charter of Human Rights by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation of the United Nations under the leadership of its chairman Ny . Eleanor Roosevelt .
On December 10, 1948 charter which contains thirty chapters it was accepted as a World Declaration on Human Rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
World Statement on Human Rights was not a treaty or convention , but all members of the United Nations (UN) is morally obliged to execute the statement.
In the first paragraph of the Preamble to the World Declaration on Human Rights was declared as follows :
"The rights of every human natural obtained thanks to the Lord of the administration of the real Nature can not be separated from nature .
Therefore, every human being entitled to a decent life , liberty , safety , and personal happiness " .
Actually in Indonesian society is also growing awareness of human rights , as we can see from the struggle for independence by our hero figures throughout the colonial era .
This is evidence of awareness of self -defense rights . This awareness has been growing since 1908 culminating in the Declaration of Independence August 17, 1975. The proclamation was then issued in 1945 opening .
Therefore , the 1945 Constitution is the essence of the teaching of human rights in Indonesia . This opening is " Indonesian Human Rights Charter " .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/human-rights.html
DatePublished: March 21, 2014 at 12:13
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Tag : Human rights.
