This plant is also known by various other designations such as pĕlĕnding , Peuteuy Selong ( Sd. ) ; kemlandingan , mètir , lamtoro and lamtoro gung ( lamtoro large ; bodied for larger varieties ) ( Jw. ) ; and kalandhingan , lantoro ( Md. ) .
Names in various foreign languages , among them : the locusts petai , petai Java ( Mly. ) ; lamandro ( PNG ) ; ipil - ipil , elena , kariskis ( Phil. ) ; krathin ( Thai ) ; leucaena , white leadtree ( Ingg. ) ; and leucaene , faux mimosa ( Prc. ) . The species name , leucocephala ( = ' white -headed ' ) refers to the hump - hump whitish flowers .
Introduction .
Lamtoro ( Petai China ) .
Tree or shrub has a height of up to 20 meters , although most only about 2-10 m . Low and much branched , with pepagan brownish or grayish , air- nodule and berlentisel . The branches are round the piston , with the ends of the hair tightly .The leaves are compound and pinnate shaped double , numbering 3-10 pairs of fins , mostly to the leaf nodes on the shaft just before the base of the fin bottom ; leverage leaves small, triangular shape. Children 5-20 pairs of leaves of each fin, face , form elongated lines , 6-16 ( -21 ) mm × 1-2 ( -5 ) mm , with a pointed tip and base of the oblique ( not the same ) , its surface smooth-haired and frayed edges .
The flowers are long -stemmed plural form of excrescence which contain 2-6 start to gather in the head ; hump each composed of 100-180 flowers , forming white or yellowish balls 12-21 mm in diameter , on top of the stalk along 2-5 cm . Flowers small , containing - 5 ; bell shape toothed calyx tube short , lk 3 mm ; crown shape Solet , lk . 5 mm , loose - loose . Stamen 10 strands , lk 1 cm , loose - loose .
The fruit pods straight ribbon -shaped , flat and thin , 14-26 cm × 2 cm , with the boundaries between the grains , green and finally brown or greenish brown when dry , when cooking breaks down along the column itself . Lamtoro fruit containing 15-30 seeds which lies crosswise in legumes , egg-shaped round eggs breech or inverted , with shiny dark brown color measuring 6-10 mm × 3 to 4.5 mm . Seeds like a banana , but smaller and deep smaller .
The origin , type and distribution of child .
Lamtoro come from Mexico and Central America , and from there became widespread . Spanish conquistadors brought the seeds from there to the Philippines in the late sixteenth century . From this place start lamtoro spread to various parts of the world . Leucaena planted as a shade coffee plants , firewood producers , as well as a source of animal feed which quickly grew .Lamtoro easy to adapt , and quickly became a wild plant in many tropical regions of Asia and Africa ; including in Indonesia . There are three types ( subspecies ) it, namely :
Leucaena leucocephala ssp . leucocephala ; subspecies is distributed by the Spanish . Java is known as petai china lamtoro or ' local ' , short -trunked about 5 m height and bushy -haired bud branches .
ssp . glabrata ( Rose ) S. Zárate . Known as gung lamtoro , these large plants ( trees , leaves , flowers , fruits ) than the first type . Lamtoro new gung widespread in the world in recent decades . as well ;
ssp . ixtahuacana C. E. Hughes ; limited spread in Mexico and Guatemala .
Utilization .
Since long lamtoro been used as shade trees , erosion control , source of fuel wood and fodder . In soils are quite fertile , lamtoro grow quickly and can reach adult size ( 13-18 m high ) within 3 to 5 years . Dense stands ( more than 5000 trees / ha ) were able to produce wood increment of 20 to 60 m³ per hectare per year . Trees planted alone can grow to a height of 50 cm . If planted in the neighborhood of tree , the tree next to it will be lack of sunlight . Therefore , usually lamtoro / petai china planted as shade trees / shade , and to cope with the brunt of the storm. This plant can also be used for green manure by means of immersing the leaf base as fertilizer in the soil .Leucaena is one kind of versatile legumes being grown in a mixed cropping pattern ( agroforestry ) . This tree is often planted in the pathways within 3-10 m , in between the bolt - bolt main plant. Other uses are as a living fence, fire insulation, windbreak , the green line , the propagation of life for twining plants such as pepper , vanilla , passion fruit and yam , as well as shade trees in coffee and cocoa plantations . In forests managed by Perhutani teak plantations in Java , lamtoro often planted as intercrops to control drift soil ( erosion ) and improve soil fertility . Lamtoro roots have root nodules fix nitrogen and many places leaves as a source of organic produce .
Wood .
Lamtoro highly favored as a producer of fire wood . Lamtoro wood has a calorific value of 19,250 kJ / kg , with a slow burn and produce less smoke and ash . Wood charcoal lamtoro very good quality , with a calorific value of 48,400 kJ / kg .Solid wood is included for quickly growing tree size (density of 500-600 kg / m³) and wet wood moisture content between 30-50 % , depending on age .
Lamtoro quite easily drained with good results , and easy to work . Unfortunately this rare wood that has a large size ; boles are generally short and many knots , because many tree branches . Wooden porch reddish or golden brown , medium textured , hard enough and strong as wood furnishings, furniture , poles or floor coverings . Lamtoro wood is not resistant to termites and rot rather quickly when used outdoors , but easily absorb preservatives .
As wood , lamtoro also used as firewood , charcoal , and also the fence .
In East Java , lamtoro timber usually used for making paper .
Leucaena is also a producer of pulp (pulp ) is good , suitable for the production of paper or rayon . The wood pulp produces 50-52 % , with a low lignin content and wood fiber along 1.1-1.3 mm . Quality paper obtained included either .Leaves and other parts .
The leaves and young twigs lamtoro an animal feed and a good source ofprotein , especially for ruminants . The leaves have a level of destruction of 60 to 70 % in ruminants , the highest among the types of legumes and other tropical forage . Leucaena planted fairly tight and well managed can produce high amounts of forage . But planting mix lamtoro ( 5-8 m spacing ) with grass planted in between , will give the most economical results .
Cattle and goats produce good weight gain with a composition of a mixture of grass forage and 20-30 % lamtoro .
Although all animals like lamtoro , but a high content of mimosin can cause hair loss in non - ruminant animals , such as horses and pigs , which are usually given in the form of fresh . In addition , when cows were given lamtoro for 6 months continuously, then the cow in question will experience hair loss , decreased fertility ( fertility ) , thyroid gland disorders , and cataracts . Mimosin , a type of amino acid , is contained in the leaves and seeds lamtoro up by 4 % dry weight . In ruminants , this mimosin outlined in the stomach by a kind of bacteria , Synergistes jonesii . Heating and provision of iron - sulfur salts can also reduce the toxicity mimosin .
Leaves , flower buds and young pods are commonly engulfed in raw or cooked first. Old seeds are roasted as a coffee substitute, with a harsher aroma of coffee. The seeds are already quite old , but not blackened , commonly used as a mixture pecal and botok . Young fruit can also be used as a vegetable . Lamtoro seeds can also be processed into soy substitute with soy nutrition are almost equal . Carbohydrates contained in the reducing sugar was 164.29 mg / g of starch was 179.50 mg / g. Proteins reached 208.56 mg / g. Meanwhile, the fat reached 80.86 mg / g, still less the fat content of soybean reached 141.05 mg / g.
The leaves are also often used as mulch and green manure . Lamtoro leaves decompose quickly .
Other products .
Lamtoro known to produce substances tanner and red dyes , brown and black from pepagan ( bark ) , leaves , and pods . A resin or gum is also generated from wounded stems or illness , especially from crosses of L. leucocephala × L. esculenta . Gum has a good quality , similar to gum arabic .Flowering throughout the year , lamtoro provide good forage for honey bees , making it suitable to support apiculture .
From lamtoro , could also be made a necklace craft ( material consisting of seed lamtoro elderly , needle , and thread ) . Meanwhile , lamtoro seed used is an old seed . Soaked seeds advance to the lamtoro inflate or " bloom " and soft . First of all, insert the thread into the needle, and then stick the needle into lamtoro seeds. Seeds should be varied in crafting this lamtoro necklace of seeds .
Drugs .
Seeds lamtoro bitter and neutral . This plant is laxative urine ( diuretic ) and intestinal worms . In addition to containing mimosin , leukanin , leukanol , and protein , the leaves of this plant also contains alkaloids , saponins , flavonoids , tannins, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins (A , B1 , and C).For use as a medicine , seeds and all parts of this plant used . The seeds are dried and powdered . A total of 1 teaspoon of seeds are boiled in half a cup of hot can be used to cure diabetes . By Sundanese in West Java , chew the leaves of young shoots can be used to lamtoro placed on the wound caused by a sharp object .
Also , in Cilacap , lamtoro fruit mixed with taro stem bark can be used to treat a knife slash .
Here are some of the research in the field of medicinal plants on lamtoro :
Lamtoro methanol extract may cause a reduction in body weight and length of the fetus ( fetus ) with increasing doses , but not statistically significant .In addition , the effect of seed extract has been investigated Leucaena leucocephala ( Lam ) de Wit ( Mimosaceae ) on glucose tolerance and blood glucose levels of diabetic mice induced by alloxan tetrahydrate dose of 250 mg / kg bw . Extracts were administered orally a dose of 0.5 g / kg and 1 g / kg bw ( body weight ) showed a decrease in blood glucose levels of diabetic mice that mean for 27.28 mg / dL and 43.72 mg / dL , the effect of this decrease is more small compared to the rats that were given gliclazide 7.2 mg / kg bw .
In 2006 , it has been demonstrated that the water extract of the seed lamtoro can act as a blood sugar -lowering agents in the pancreas of mice that had been induced by streptozotocin . Found , β - cells of the pancreas also protected from necrotic effects of seed lamtoro . In the end , it was concluded that the water extract of lamtoro showed anti-diabetic effects were significant after given orally.
Ecology and distribution .
Lamtoro like a warm tropical climate ( daily temperature 25-30 ° C ) ; altitudes above 1000 m asl can inhibit its growth . This plant is fairly drought resistant and can be grown everywhere , including in areas with rainfall between 650-3000 mm ( optimal 800-1500 mm ) per year . However , these plants can not grow in a puddle .Can be grown in any soil condition , easy to adapt to the local climate , the plants lamtoro easily propagated by seeds that are old , stem cuttings , and with the removal of saplings . Because it is easy to grow , in many places lamtoro often become rampant weeds . This plant was easy to grow ; after pruned , felled or burned , bud - shoots will grow back in large quantities .
Not many pests that attack these plants , but lamtoro particularly vulnerable to pest attack leafhopper ( Heteropsylla cubana ) and planthoppers . Planthopper pests lamtoro been virtually gutted . In addition, the psyllid pest in Indonesia in the late 1980s has resulted in endless types lamtoro 'local ' in many places . Another note says that lamtoro gung / petai china 's entry into Indonesia after regular lamtoro ( Leucaena diversifolia ) is attacked by fleas in Indonesia in the 1980s .
In addition, the fungus that attacks are usually lamtoro Meliola sp . This fungus , in addition to attacking lamtoro , also attacked jasmine , tea , and bamboo .
Meanwhile , the attack was part of the upper leaves , so there is a black color on the star -shaped leaves . This fungus is difficult exfoliated , due hifodium into the leaves . Order of hifodium to absorb food . Spores are spread via wind and water flow . Thus, to prevent and control this fungus , simply discard and burn the affected leaves and wear suitable fungicide .
Lamtoro bloom at night and closes its leaves at noon . This plant can be harvested every 5 months so that the tree remains still low , so that the fruit easily retrieved .
Thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-about-leucaena-petai-china.html
DatePublished : April 03, 2014 at 12.51
Tag : Did You Know About Leucaena ( petai china ).