Did You Know About Leucaena (petai china).

Lamtoro , china petai , petai Selong or shrub is a kind of tribal Fabaceae ( Leguminosae , legumes ) , which is often used in reforestation or erosion prevention . A native of tropical America , this plant has been introduced into Java hundreds of years for the benefit of agriculture and forestry , and then spread to other islands in Indonesia . This plant in Malaysia named petai locusts .

This plant is also known by various other designations such as pĕlĕnding , Peuteuy Selong ( Sd. ) ; kemlandingan , mètir , lamtoro and lamtoro gung ( lamtoro large ; bodied for larger varieties ) ( Jw. ) ; and kalandhingan , lantoro ( Md. ) .
Names in various foreign languages ​​, among them : the locusts petai , petai Java ( Mly. ) ; lamandro ( PNG ) ; ipil - ipil , elena , kariskis ( Phil. ) ; krathin ( Thai ) ; leucaena , white leadtree ( Ingg. ) ; and leucaene , faux mimosa ( Prc. ) . The species name , leucocephala ( = ' white -headed ' ) refers to the hump - hump whitish flowers .

Introduction .

Lamtoro ( Petai China ) .

Tree or shrub has a height of up to 20 meters , although most only about 2-10 m . Low and much branched , with pepagan brownish or grayish , air- nodule and berlentisel . The branches are round the piston , with the ends of the hair tightly .

The leaves are compound and pinnate shaped double , numbering 3-10 pairs of fins , mostly to the leaf nodes on the shaft just before the base of the fin bottom ; leverage leaves small, triangular shape. Children 5-20 pairs of leaves of each fin, face , form elongated lines , 6-16 ( -21 ) mm × 1-2 ( -5 ) mm , with a pointed tip and base of the oblique ( not the same ) , its surface smooth-haired and frayed edges .
The flowers are long -stemmed plural form of excrescence which contain 2-6 start to gather in the head ; hump each composed of 100-180 flowers , forming white or yellowish balls 12-21 mm in diameter , on top of the stalk along 2-5 cm . Flowers small , containing - 5 ; bell shape toothed calyx tube short , lk 3 mm ; crown shape Solet , lk . 5 mm , loose - loose . Stamen 10 strands , lk 1 cm , loose - loose .
The fruit pods straight ribbon -shaped , flat and thin , 14-26 cm × 2 cm , with the boundaries between the grains , green and finally brown or greenish brown when dry , when cooking breaks down along the column itself . Lamtoro fruit containing 15-30 seeds which lies crosswise in legumes , egg-shaped round eggs breech or inverted , with shiny dark brown color measuring 6-10 mm × 3 to 4.5 mm . Seeds like a banana , but smaller and deep smaller .

The origin , type and distribution of child .

Lamtoro come from Mexico and Central America , and from there became widespread . Spanish conquistadors brought the seeds from there to the Philippines in the late sixteenth century . From this place start lamtoro spread to various parts of the world . Leucaena planted as a shade coffee plants , firewood producers , as well as a source of animal feed which quickly grew .
Lamtoro easy to adapt , and quickly became a wild plant in many tropical regions of Asia and Africa ; including in Indonesia . There are three types ( subspecies ) it, namely :
Leucaena leucocephala ssp . leucocephala ; subspecies is distributed by the Spanish . Java is known as petai china lamtoro or ' local ' , short -trunked about 5 m height and bushy -haired bud branches .
ssp . glabrata ( Rose ) S. Zárate . Known as gung lamtoro , these large plants ( trees , leaves , flowers , fruits ) than the first type . Lamtoro new gung widespread in the world in recent decades . as well ;
ssp . ixtahuacana C. E. Hughes ; limited spread in Mexico and Guatemala .

Utilization .

Since long lamtoro been used as shade trees , erosion control , source of fuel wood and fodder . In soils are quite fertile , lamtoro grow quickly and can reach adult size ( 13-18 m high ) within 3 to 5 years . Dense stands ( more than 5000 trees / ha ) were able to produce wood increment of 20 to 60 m³ per hectare per year . Trees planted alone can grow to a height of 50 cm . If planted in the neighborhood of tree , the tree next to it will be lack of sunlight . Therefore , usually lamtoro / petai china planted as shade trees / shade , and to cope with the brunt of the storm. This plant can also be used for green manure by means of immersing the leaf base as fertilizer in the soil .
Leucaena is one kind of versatile legumes being grown in a mixed cropping pattern ( agroforestry ) . This tree is often planted in the pathways within 3-10 m , in between the bolt - bolt main plant. Other uses are as a living fence, fire insulation, windbreak , the green line , the propagation of life for twining plants such as pepper , vanilla , passion fruit and yam , as well as shade trees in coffee and cocoa plantations . In forests managed by Perhutani teak plantations in Java , lamtoro often planted as intercrops to control drift soil ( erosion ) and improve soil fertility . Lamtoro roots have root nodules fix nitrogen and many places leaves as a source of organic produce .

Wood .

Lamtoro highly favored as a producer of fire wood . Lamtoro wood has a calorific value of 19,250 kJ / kg , with a slow burn and produce less smoke and ash . Wood charcoal lamtoro very good quality , with a calorific value of 48,400 kJ / kg .
Solid wood is included for quickly growing tree size (density of 500-600 kg / m³) and wet wood moisture content between 30-50 % , depending on age .
Lamtoro quite easily drained with good results , and easy to work . Unfortunately this rare wood that has a large size ; boles are generally short and many knots , because many tree branches . Wooden porch reddish or golden brown , medium textured , hard enough and strong as wood furnishings, furniture , poles or floor coverings . Lamtoro wood is not resistant to termites and rot rather quickly when used outdoors , but easily absorb preservatives .
As wood , lamtoro also used as firewood , charcoal , and also the fence .

In East Java , lamtoro timber usually used for making paper .

Leucaena is also a producer of pulp (pulp ) is good , suitable for the production of paper or rayon . The wood pulp produces 50-52 % , with a low lignin content and wood fiber along 1.1-1.3 mm . Quality paper obtained included either .

Leaves and other parts .

The leaves and young twigs lamtoro an animal feed and a good source of
protein , especially for ruminants . The leaves have a level of destruction of 60 to 70 % in ruminants , the highest among the types of legumes and other tropical forage . Leucaena planted fairly tight and well managed can produce high amounts of forage . But planting mix lamtoro ( 5-8 m spacing ) with grass planted in between , will give the most economical results .
Cattle and goats produce good weight gain with a composition of a mixture of grass forage and 20-30 % lamtoro .
Although all animals like lamtoro , but a high content of mimosin can cause hair loss in non - ruminant animals , such as horses and pigs , which are usually given in the form of fresh . In addition , when cows were given lamtoro for 6 months continuously, then the cow in question will experience hair loss , decreased fertility ( fertility ) , thyroid gland disorders , and cataracts . Mimosin , a type of amino acid , is contained in the leaves and seeds lamtoro up by 4 % dry weight . In ruminants , this mimosin outlined in the stomach by a kind of bacteria , Synergistes jonesii . Heating and provision of iron - sulfur salts can also reduce the toxicity mimosin .
Leaves , flower buds and young pods are commonly engulfed in raw or cooked first. Old seeds are roasted as a coffee substitute, with a harsher aroma of coffee. The seeds are already quite old , but not blackened , commonly used as a mixture pecal and botok . Young fruit can also be used as a vegetable . Lamtoro seeds can also be processed into soy substitute with soy nutrition are almost equal . Carbohydrates contained in the reducing sugar was 164.29 mg / g of starch was 179.50 mg / g. Proteins reached 208.56 mg / g. Meanwhile, the fat reached 80.86 mg / g, still less the fat content of soybean reached 141.05 mg / g.
The leaves are also often used as mulch and green manure . Lamtoro leaves decompose quickly .

Other products .

Lamtoro known to produce substances tanner and red dyes , brown and black from pepagan ( bark ) , leaves , and pods . A resin or gum is also generated from wounded stems or illness , especially from crosses of L. leucocephala × L. esculenta . Gum has a good quality , similar to gum arabic .
Flowering throughout the year , lamtoro provide good forage for honey bees , making it suitable to support apiculture .
From lamtoro , could also be made a necklace craft ( material consisting of seed lamtoro elderly , needle , and thread ) . Meanwhile , lamtoro seed used is an old seed . Soaked seeds advance to the lamtoro inflate or " bloom " and soft . First of all, insert the thread into the needle, and then stick the needle into lamtoro seeds. Seeds should be varied in crafting this lamtoro necklace of seeds .

Drugs .

Seeds lamtoro bitter and neutral . This plant is laxative urine ( diuretic ) and intestinal worms . In addition to containing mimosin , leukanin , leukanol , and protein , the leaves of this plant also contains alkaloids , saponins , flavonoids , tannins, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins (A , B1 , and C).
 For use as a medicine , seeds and all parts of this plant used . The seeds are dried and powdered . A total of 1 teaspoon of seeds are boiled in half a cup of hot can be used to cure diabetes . By Sundanese in West Java , chew the leaves of young shoots can be used to lamtoro placed on the wound caused by a sharp object .
Also , in Cilacap , lamtoro fruit mixed with taro stem bark can be used to treat a knife slash .

Here are some of the research in the field of medicinal plants on lamtoro :

Lamtoro methanol extract may cause a reduction in body weight and length of the fetus ( fetus ) with increasing doses , but not statistically significant .
In addition , the effect of seed extract has been investigated Leucaena leucocephala ( Lam ) de Wit ( Mimosaceae ) on glucose tolerance and blood glucose levels of diabetic mice induced by alloxan tetrahydrate dose of 250 mg / kg bw . Extracts were administered orally a dose of 0.5 g / kg and 1 g / kg bw ( body weight ) showed a decrease in blood glucose levels of diabetic mice that mean for 27.28 mg / dL and 43.72 mg / dL , the effect of this decrease is more small compared to the rats that were given gliclazide 7.2 mg / kg bw .
In 2006 , it has been demonstrated that the water extract of the seed lamtoro can act as a blood sugar -lowering agents in the pancreas of mice that had been induced by streptozotocin . Found , β - cells of the pancreas also protected from necrotic effects of seed lamtoro . In the end , it was concluded that the water extract of lamtoro showed anti-diabetic effects were significant after given orally.

Ecology and distribution .

Lamtoro like a warm tropical climate ( daily temperature 25-30 ° C ) ; altitudes above 1000 m asl can inhibit its growth . This plant is fairly drought resistant and can be grown everywhere , including in areas with rainfall between 650-3000 mm ( optimal 800-1500 mm ) per year . However , these plants can not grow in a puddle .
Can be grown in any soil condition , easy to adapt to the local climate , the plants lamtoro easily propagated by seeds that are old , stem cuttings , and with the removal of saplings . Because it is easy to grow , in many places lamtoro often become rampant weeds . This plant was easy to grow ; after pruned , felled or burned , bud - shoots will grow back in large quantities .
Not many pests that attack these plants , but lamtoro particularly vulnerable to pest attack leafhopper ( Heteropsylla cubana ) and planthoppers . Planthopper pests lamtoro been virtually gutted . In addition, the psyllid pest in Indonesia in the late 1980s has resulted in endless types lamtoro 'local ' in many places . Another note says that lamtoro gung / petai china 's entry into Indonesia after regular lamtoro ( Leucaena diversifolia ) is attacked by fleas in Indonesia in the 1980s .
In addition, the fungus that attacks are usually lamtoro Meliola sp . This fungus , in addition to attacking lamtoro , also attacked jasmine , tea , and bamboo .
Meanwhile , the attack was part of the upper leaves , so there is a black color on the star -shaped leaves . This fungus is difficult exfoliated , due hifodium into the leaves . Order of hifodium to absorb food . Spores are spread via wind and water flow . Thus, to prevent and control this fungus , simply discard and burn the affected leaves and wear suitable fungicide .
Lamtoro bloom at night and closes its leaves at noon . This plant can be harvested every 5 months so that the tree remains still low , so that the fruit easily retrieved .
Thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name : bambang sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-about-leucaena-petai-china.html
DatePublished : April 03, 2014 at 12.51

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Tag : Did You Know About Leucaena ( petai china ).