www.Primo.com: About Slaughter Westerling.

Westerling Massacre is a term for the murder of thousands of civilians in South Sulawesi committed by Dutch troops Troepen Depot Speciale Raymond Pierre Paul Westerling leadership . This event took place in December 1946 - February 1947 for Counter insurgency military operations ( counter-insurgency ) .

Military operations .

The first stage .

The first action of the Special Forces operation DST begins on the evening of 11 before December 12 . The goal is Batua village and several small villages in the east of Makassar and Westerling himself who led the operation . The first troop strength 58 men led by Sergeant Major H. Dolkens stormed Borong and the forces led by Sergeant Major Instructor J. Wolff operates in Batua and Patunorang . Westerling alone with Sergeant Major Instructor W. Uittenbogaard assisted by two orderly , a radio operator and 10 people in the village Batua wait staff .
In the first phase , at 4 am and surrounded the area along with the signal lights starting at 5:45 in people's homes . All the people were herded into the village Batua . In this phase , 9 people who tried to escape was immediately shot dead . After walking several kilometers , at around 8:45 all the people of the villages which have been collected in the village searched Batua . It is not known exactly how many . Westerling reported that the number between 3,000 to 4,000 people who then women and children were separated from the men .
The second phase begins , which is looking for " the extremists , robbers , criminals and murderers " . Westerling himself who led the action and talk to the people , which translates to Bugis . He has a list of the "rebels " have been compiled by Vermeulen . Customary chief and village heads to help identify these names . The result was 35 people accused of directly executed on the spot . Westerling method is known as the "Standrecht " - the court ( and execution ) in place . Westerling said in its report that it had sentenced the 11 extremists , 23, a robber and a murderer .

The third phase is a threat to the people to act in the future , the replacement of the village chief and village police establishment must protect the village from the elements "insurgents , terrorists and robbers " . After that the people sent home to their villages . Operation which lasted from 4 to 12:30 has resulted in the deaths of 44 people of the village .
Thus " Westerling sweeping style " . With the same pattern , people slaughter operations in South Sulawesi continues . Westerling also led his own operation in the village of Tanjung Bunga on the night before the 12th of December 13, 1946 . 61 people were shot dead . Besides a few small villages around the village of Tanjung Bunga burned , so the total death toll reached 81 people .
Next on the evening of 14 before December 15 , comes the turn Kalukuang located on the outskirts of the city of Makassar , 23 people were shot dead . According to their intelligence reports , Wolter Monginsidi and Ali Malakka hounded by Dutch troops in this area , but they could not be found . On the night of 16 before the date of December 17 , Jongayayang village located in the southeast of Makassar to the target . Here, 33 people were executed .

Second stage .

Having cleared the area around Makassar , the action of the second phase began on December 19, 1946 . The target is located in the southern Polobangkeng Makassar where according to Dutch intelligence reports , there are about 150 military troops and about 100 members of the armed irregulars . In this attack , forces raided DST with 11 Colonial Army platoon of Infantry Forces XVII . This raid led by Lt. Col. KNIL Veenendaal . The troops under the command of DST Vermeulen Renaja raided the village and Ko'mara . Other forces locked Polobangkeng . Furthermore, the same pattern as the first wave applied by Westerling . In this operation 330 people were killed .

The third stage .

Actions launched the third phase began on December 26, 1946 against Gowa and conducted in three waves , namely 26 and December 29 and January 3, 1947 . Here also carried out cooperation between the Special Forces DST with KNIL troops . The death toll among a population of 257 people .

State of emergency .

To provide more flexibility for Westerling , on January 6, 1947 General Simon Spoor impose noodtoestand ( state of emergency ) to South Sulawesi . The massacre of the pattern as it has been practiced by the special forces moved on and in many places , Westerling not only led the operation , but come gunning down people accused of being terrorists , robbers or murderers .
Mid- January 1947 is the target market in Pare-Pare and continued in Madello , Abbokongeng , Padakkalawa , an unknown village , Enrekang , Talabangi , Soppeng , Barru , Malimpung , and Suppa .
After that , there are still some villages and areas subject to the DST Special Forces on December 7 and February 14 in the coastal Tanete , on 16 and 17 February in the village Taraweang and Bornong - Bornong . Then also in Mandar , where 364 residents were killed . Massacre of the " extremists " escalate in Kulo , Amparita and Maroangin where 171 inhabitants were killed without the slightest evidence presented their fault or reason murder .
Moreover , in the last actions , not all "terrorists , robbers and murderers " who were slaughtered on the list they received from intelligence agencies , but in vain the people who previously was in prison or jail for various reasons , were taken out and collected with the other defendants to later be killed .
H.C. Kavelaar, a KNIL military , was an eyewitness to the massacre in the square in Tanete , where about 10 or 15 people were killed . He watched , how Westerling had shot dead several people with his pistol , while the other platoon mowed by DST with sten gun .
In all places , gathering data about the people who support Czech , Dutch intelligence is always assisted by natives who willingly for the sake of money and position . In action in Gowa , Netherlands assisted by a village chief , Hamzah , who remained loyal to the Dutch .

Lombok galung events .

Galung death events in Lombok occurred on February 2, 1947 . It was a massacre Westerling , who has killed the largest among all the victims who fell in other areas before . In that event , M. Joesoef Pabitjara Baroe ( PRI Advisory Council ) together with H. Imam Ma'roef Baroega , Soelaiman Kapala Baroega , Daaming Kapala Segeri , H. Imam Nuhung Segeri , H. Sanoesi , H. Dunda , H. Prevent , Mohammed Saleh, Sofyan, etc. , resting on the tip of a bayonet and a target bullet . After that, then following a simultaneous massacre against the innocent people who participated were escorted to the venue.
All that does not include victims who were slaughtered discharged elsewhere , such as Salahuddin Abdul Jalil Daenan ( kadi Sendana ) , tambaru Pabicara Banggae , Atjo Benya Pabicara Pangali - ali , three members of the PRI Advisory Council , Baharuddin Bianga Kapala ( Chief of Defence PRI ) , Dahlan Tjadang ( Chief Household Affairs PRI ) , and many more . Some are taken from the time Majene barracks and taken to galung Lombok and ended his life .
Ten days after the event commonly known as the Lombok galung events , following the ambush of eight men and women , namely Andi Tonra ( PRI Chairman ) , A. Zawawi Yahya (Chief Education PRI), Anas Abdul Wahab (Chief Political PRI), Abdul Rasheed Sulaiman ( employees of the prosecutor's pro - RI ) , Anas ( biological father Abdul Wahab ) , Nur Pabeta Daeng ( the head of the Bureau of Domestic Trade ) , Soeradi ( Central Board member PRI ) , and seven days later was arrested anyway Siti Djohrah Halim ( Aisha and Muhammadiyah leaders Branch Mandar ) , which at the time of the PRI became Chief femininity .
Two of them were tortured and Tonran Andi Anas Abdul Wahab . While not Soeradi led to the gallows , but alternately tortured by five men NICA , until the last breath menghebuskan under Andi witnesses Tonra and Abdul Wahab Anas.rg

Post- military operations .

General Spoor judge that the state of emergency in South Sulawesi has been able to overcome , he states began February 21, 1947 reinstated Voorschrift voor de uitoefening van de Politiek - Politionele Taak van het Leger - VPTL ( Guidelines for the Implementation of the Army for Duty in the field of politics and vicious military ) , and troops pulled back to Java DST .
With the success crush the extremists , in the Netherlands like any good military civilian DST reputation Special Forces and its commander , Westerling soar . Dutch media proclaim is superlative . When the troops arrived back to headquarters DST DST on March 23, 1947 , the military weekly Het Militair Weekblad flattering with the news : " the Turkish forces back . " Holland 's own press release critical of the massacre in South Sulawesi emerging for the first time in July 1947 .
DST camp then moved to Sky View , and after that , because it is already too narrow , then moved to close Batujajar Cimahi . In October 1947 reorganization in body composition DST and Special Forces are then composed of two officers of the KNIL , 3 officers from KL ( Koninklijke Leger ) , 24 Colonial Army NCO , NCO KL 13 , 245 soldiers and 59 soldiers KNIL KL . On January 5, 1948 , the name was changed to DST Corps Troepen Speciale - KST ( Corps Special Forces ) and then also have a paratrooper unit . Westerling took command forces the larger and more powerful and to the rank of Captain .

Victims .

How many thousands of people in South Sulawesi who become victims of the Dutch army was not clear until now . In 1947, a delegation of the Republic of Indonesia submitted to the UN Security Council , victims of the massacre of the population, conducted by Captain Raymond Westerling since December 1946 in South Sulawesi reached 40,000 inhabitants .
Examination of the Dutch government in 1969 estimated that around 3,000 people had been killed by Sulawesi Special Forces leader Westerling , while Westerling himself says , that the victims of acts committed by his troops " only " 600 people .
Westerling and troop actions in particular can get away from the demands of the Dutch court for human rights violations actual terror acts are called contra - guerilla , obtain permission from Lt. Gen. Spoor and Deputy Governor -General Dr . Hubertus Johannes van Mook . So who is actually responsible for the massacre of the people of South Sulawesi is the Government and the Dutch Armed Forces .
Dutch army massacre in South Sulawesi can be put in the category of crimes against humanity (crimes against humanity ) , which even now can be brought to the international court , due to genocide ( Genocide ) and crimes against humanity , there is no expiration . Needs to be pursued , the massacre was promoted to the International Criminal Court ( ICC ) in The Hague , Netherlands .

Apology.

On 12 September 2013 , the Dutch government through its ambassador in Jakarta , Tjeerd de Zwaan , expressed his apology to all victims of the massacre .
" On behalf of the Dutch government I apologize for these events . Today I also apologize to the widow of Bulukumba, Pinrang, Polewali Mandar and Pare-Pare, " Zwaan said .
In addition, the Dutch government also gave compensation to 10 widows whose husbands become victims of the massacre amounted to 20 thousand euros or USD 301 million . So , thank you for reading this article .
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 09, 2014 at 13:53