Inscriptions found Yupa.

Kutai tribe or Urang Kutai Kutai or Dayak are indigenous tribes who inhabited the East Kalimantan region of the current majority is Muslim and live by the river. Kutai tribe is part of the Dayak clump, clump, especially Dayak Ot Danum (oral traditions of several parents who said the Kutai tribe Dayak Lawangan which then settles in East Kalimantan Dayak Alas childbirth and Benuaq tribe, then with the entry of Malay and Muslim culture gave birth to the formation of Kutai tribe communities with different cultures of the Dayak). At first mammal is the name of an indigenous territory dwelling place or Dayak Borneo. Kutai tribes by type is included as parts of old Malay Dayak in East Kalimantan. Therefore, it is physically similar to the Kutai tribe Dayak Ot Danum clumps. Kinship relations with the Dayak tribe Kutai also told in the oral tradition of the Dayak with various versions in several clumps Ot Danum (for each - each clump has a history of its own). Old customs mammal parts in common with customs clumps Dayak Ot Danum (especially Alas-Benuaq) for example; Erau (most festive traditional ceremony), purchases (ceremonial dances cure disease), indeed, and spells as well as science occult such as virtual machetes, arrows eggplant, peas, poison gangsa, perakut, peloros, and others. Where the customs are owned by Kutai and Dayak tribe. Even today there are still Kedang tribe in the village of Ipil Kutai, Kutai Kaharingan beliefs are the same as Dayak.

Etymology. 

At first mammal is not a tribal name, but the name of the place / area and the name of the kingdom where the discovery of inscriptions Yupa by Dutch researchers. The entire indigenous people of Borneo was actually a clump, Between Ngaju, Maanyan, Iban, Kenyah, Kayatn, Kutai (Lawangan - Tonyoi - Benuaq), Banjar (Ngaju, Iban, Maanyan, etc.), Tidung, Paser, and others. Only Rulers and Religious Issues Political become a big gap between this family. Those who abandon their traditional beliefs long finally left because it receives a new confidence and evolved into the Young Malay Society. Particularly in Islamic or Christian, it - it is contrary to the customary doctrine would be abandoned. While that remains steadfast to the old belief called the Dayaks.

Kutai be the name of the tribe as a result of the current ruling political interests that unite the archipelago is ambitious successor Maharaja Kertanegara Singasari from Java with the purpose to resist the expansion of the power of Kublai Khan of the Mongol dynasty. While it was during the reign of the indigenous people of Borneo Kertanegara most commonly referred to as the Dayak eventually transformed into the current dwelling mammal communities in the region of the Kingdom Kertanegara Powers and Authorities are required to comply with regulations. Who refused and finally have a chance to escape into the interior and remains a Dayak. Another version states that the term Dayak is also not a name used to be because the term Dayak tribe is the name used by the Dutch administration of the colonial Dutch to insult people.
According to other information, the name originated from the name of the Kingdom of Kutai Kutai Martadipura in Muara Kaman, is actually the name of the kingdom was originally called Queitaire (mammal) by Newcomer century BC and the early traders who came from southern India which means Wilds and his Kingdom Capital named Maradavure (Martapura) are Naladwipa Island (the term in the book Java Kalimantan) and located on the banks of the Mahakam River Intersection Right across the Mahakam River Homecoming Overseas Kedang origin of the name City of Muara Kaman now. In the news Champa or China called Kho-thay means Large or airport Kingdom of Great. There is another opinion, from the standpoint of the Java community, that the Palapa Oath of Gajah Mada of Majapahit had mentioned in Kuta Alas, there are also saying that writing is a true mammal Alas, but this during the mammal kingdom.
According to legend the King of the Kingdom Sendawar Tulur Aji ford with the empress Mok Manor Bulatn and they memupnyai 5 children: Sualas Gunaaqn (Being Descendants Dayak Alas), Jelivan Benaaq (Being Descendants Dayak Bahau), Nara Gunaa (Being Descendants Benuaq), Tantan Cunaaq (Being Descendants Dayak Kenyah) and Puncan Karnaaq (Being Descendants Dayak Kutai).
The oral tradition in every family Kutai people who say that their ancestors came from the land of China, similar to the oral tradition of the Dayak Kenyah. So it was thought that this mammal is a union of many clumps Dayak community in order to find a new identity.
From the above it is known that exposure Kutai at that time is the name of the kingdom / city / region where the discovery of the inscription is not the name of the tribe (ethnic) and kinship Kutai and Dayak tribe is very strong. It's just the influence of the Islamic religion and acculturation immigrants who spread Islam (Sumatra, China, Banjar, Java) as well as the war between the kingdoms (Majapahit dynasty of aquatic win the war against the kingdom of Kutai Martadipura) at the time resulted in Kutai tribe culture to be somewhat different from the Tribe Dayak today. Hence the original Kutai tribe Dayak will refer to as Densanak Tuha which means Big Brother because it is still one ancestor.

Language. 

Kutai community consisting of many sub-tribes have diverse languages. Some languages ​​sub-tribe that is not used anymore and is probably already extinct language Umaa Wak, Umaa Palaa, Umaa Luhaat, Umaa Palog, and Umaa Baang Kelo Sam. These languages ​​were once commonly used by the public Kutai in upstream and downstream Mahakam.

Currently Kutai language is divided into four dialects which are not located adjacent to each other:
Kutai Tenggarong.
Kutai City Build.
Kutai Ancalong Estuary.
Kutai Sengata / Sengata.
Besides having some similarities with language vocabulary Banjar, Kutai language also has similarities with the vocabulary Dayak Iban language, for example;
nade (Language Kutai Build City); Nadai (Language Kantu '), meaning that no
celap (Bahsa Kutai Tenggarong; celap (Language Dayak Iban, Dayak language Alas), jelap (Benuaq language) means cold
balu (Language Kutai Tenggarong), widow (Dayak Iban language, balu 'Benuaq language), meaning widow
hek (Tenggarong Kutai language), he '(Alas Dayak language), meaning that no

Origins. 

According to the oral traditions of the tribe Kutai, Process migration from mainland Asia what is now Yunnan province - China's south took place between the years 3000-1500 BC. They consist of a group that wandered up to the island of Borneo with the route passing Hainan, Taiwan, the Philippines and then across the South China Sea to the East Kalimantan. At that time the movement of people from one island to another island because they are not so hard on the ice age sea level was very down due to freezing ice in the North and South poles, so a small boat bercadik given wings of bamboo rods they easily cross the strait Karimata and South China Sea to the East Kalimantan. The immigrants from mainland China's entry into East at different times, the first group to come around 3000-1500 BCE included in Negrid racial groups and this group is expected to leave Weddid Borneo and some extinct. Then around the year 500 BC lasted longer outflow larger population and this group is expected to be the forerunner of mammal populations. After an outflow of population from Yunnan population mixing occurred because they marriage.
Kutai population at that time was divided into five families (five parts);
Fathers Pantun
Fathers Punang
Fathers Pahu
Fathers Sendawar
Melani fathers

Poem fathers. 

Poem fathers are the oldest tribe in East Kalimantan, and a tribe or most Old Puak between 5 Puak Tribe or other mammal, they are a tribe who founded the kingdom in the archipelago is the oldest kingdom in Muara Kaman Kutai Martadipura in the 4th century AD. This tribe inhabited the district of Muara Kaman. Aquatic mammal and to Regional and Local Wahau Ancalong Muara, Muara Bengkal and Regions, Regional Kombeng in the region of East Kab.Kutai now, Kutai tribes poem can be regarded as a derivative of the nobles and Authorities in Kutai kingdom Martapura (Kutai Mulawarman). First king known as Kudungga, and the glorious kingdom during the third dynasty during the time of King Mulawarwan. Under the leadership of Maharaja Mulawarman, social and civic life is believed to be developing well. Government centered on the palace which is in Martapura his realm stretched from the Highlands Alas (Kingdom Pinang Sendawar), Kingdom of Sri Build in Build City, United Pantun in Wahau, United Tebalai, to the coast of East Kalimantan, such as China's River, Upper Hamlet and territories other. With the conquest of the kingdom of the empire small, steady state conditions can be run so that the atmosphere of peace during his reign. This tribe inhabited the district of Muara Kaman. Aquatic mammal and to Regional and Local Wahau Ancalong Muara, Muara Bengkal and Regions, Regional Kombeng in the region of East Kab.Kutai now.

Punang fathers. 

Fathers Punang (Puak Kedang) is a tribe who inhabit the interior. It is estimated that this rate is the result of mixing between fathers and fathers poem Sendawar (lotus-Benuaq). Therefore, Kutai tribe dialect Kedang steady tone wavy. Indonesian misalya "No", Kutai language "Endik", Kutai language Kedang "Inde" ...firm pedestal wave. The tribe established a kingdom in Sri City Build Build (or known as the State thigh during the reign of Kutai Matadipura).
This punang families scattered Build City region, Muara Muntai, Semayang Lake, River and surrounding Belayan.
In the government of the Kingdom of Kutai Martapura, 350-1605, which had its capital in Muara Kaman, Build the city area is known that the region covers an area named STATE THIGH: KEHAM, Kedang IN, Kedang ociety, FORMER LEBAK, LEBAK CILONG.
This country is headed by a Provincial level Mangkubumi (Duke Region), this tribe called tribe Kutai Kedang (Older Indigenous People) while the boss berigelar Sri King (Little King) and the last king named Sri Sri Raja Raja TALIKAT is relative in Muara Kaman, and ruled in Keham capital hitherto Older Indigenous people still inhabit the area above.

Pahu fathers. 

Pahu tribe is a tribe that inhabited the region Pahu extension. This tribe is scattered across the estuary and surrounding Pahu.

Sendawar fathers. 

Sendawar tribe is a tribe that inhabited the region Sendawar (Kutai Barat), the tribe established a kingdom in West Kutai Sendawar with the famous King Aji Tulut Jejangkat name. This tribe inhabits rural areas. They split up leaving the original soil and form each ethnic group now known as Dayak Alas, Bahau, Benuaq, Modang, Penihing, Busang, Bukat, Ohong and Bentian.
Alas tribes inhabit the districts Melak, Barong and Muara Pahu Tongkok
Bahau tribes inhabit the districts of Long Iram and Long Bagun
Benuaq inhabit the districts Jempang, Muaralawa, Peace and Muara Pahu
Modang tribes inhabit the estuary Ancalong and Muara districts Wahau
Penihing tribes, tribes and tribal Ohong Bukat inhabit the districts of Long Apari
Busang tribes inhabit the districts of Long Pahangai
Benuaq tribes inhabit the districts and the Great Benuaq Muaralawa
In addition to these tribes, there are also other tribes that Dayak Kenyah, Punan, Basap, and Kayan.

Kenyah. 

Are migrants from Apo Kayan, Kab. Bulungan. Now these tribes inhabit the districts Ancalong Muara, Muara Wahau, Tabang, Long Bagun, Pahangai Long, Long Iram and Samarinda Ilir.

Punan. 

Dayak is a wilderness inhabited throughout East Kalimantan from Bulungan area, Kutai Berau up. They live in small groups in caves and trees. They were nurtured by the Ministry of Social Affairs through its Correctional Isolated tribe.

Basap tribes. 

According to the story are the descendants of the Chinese people who mate with the Punan. They inhabit the districts Sangkulirang.

Kayan tribe. 

Originating from Central Kalimantan, these parts are often also referred to the tribe Biaju. They inhabit the districts of Long Iram.

Melani fathers. 

Melani fathers are people who inhabit coastal areas. They are among the youngest fathers fathers fathers-Kutai, in this society there has been a mixture of original Kutai ie Dayak tribe, the tribe of the newcomers; Banjar, Javanese and Malay. Puak so it's been developed into ethnic unity. These families thrive in the Kutai kingdom, the kingdom of Java that stand in the Land of Kutai. King first named Aji Batara Agung Dewa Sakti. These families generally inhabit coastal areas such as Kutai Lama and Tenggarong.
In the development of families rhymes, punang, Pahu and melani then developed into Kutai tribes that have similar language but different dialects. While most fathers Sendawar (tulur jejangkat fathers) are not assimilated by the newcomers end up living in the interior, by Dutch researchers called the Dayaks.

Land mammal kingdom. 

Land mammal known to stand in the Kingdom of Big 3, namely: 

Martadipura kingdom (Shades of Hindu-Malay Kaharingan-old (at the time Borneo Dayak population, later formed clumps of young Malays Dayaks)
Kingdom of Sri Build (Corak Buddhist Srivijaya Malay and Malay-Old)
Kingdom of mammal (Islamic Pattern - Assimilation of Java and Dayak (Effect of conquest))

Rupture Story Land Puak Kutai. 

Here is the division of the two groups or indigenous groups in land mammal, the Dayak and Kutai Tribe (haloq). Haloq is the designation for the Dayak tribe or tribal land mammal that came out of customs / cultural / ancestral beliefs (Indigenous, cultural, and ancestral beliefs are still visible on the characteristic of the current Dayak). Those who behaloq (Leaving customs) are more receptive and willing to mingle with newcomers consequently society is more often found in coastal areas. The term began to arise when haloq tribes of fathers-fathers kutai above began many old beliefs left one is to adhere to the teachings of Islam, because the customs, culture, and beliefs of the indigenous land mammal many contradictory in Islam. Then because fathers poem, punang, and melani largely abandoned their old customs or beliefs, then they started called 'the haloq' by other families who are still sticking with his old confidence (confidence ancestors). And families that still survive with customs / beliefs duration Sendawar mostly fathers (fathers tulur jejangkat), although there is also a small portion of the tribal families who left the old custom Sendawar (Behaloq). Since then the haloq and the person who is not a separate haloq life, because it has different customs. Gradually this haloq person calls himself 'the Kutai' which means the people in the continent or the people of the region Kutai Kutai kingdom. Since it was kutai slowly began to become tribal name, which is derived from the tribe Kutai tribe rhymes, punang, Pahu and melani and fathers Sendawar fraction. Now many tribe Kutai mixed with other ethnicities. Seen from the culture that is the result of acculturation of some other ethnic cultures. Especially aquatic mammal from Java and native soil mixed with tribal Kutai (currently called Dayak) is.
Sendawar fathers are mostly still survive with customs / beliefs much later split to form tribal groups and alienated. They are now the tribe Alas, Benuaq, Penihing, Oeheng, Benuaq, Bahau, Modang and others. They are called the Dayak tribe in the present. Dayak is a term popularized by the Dutch and foreign researchers, where they refer to the tribe - indigenous tribes that inhabit the interior of Borneo. Thus the term Dayak itself is not derived from the ancestral Borneo itself. Therefore, there are still some of the Dayak Dayak reluctantly called. They prefer called a clump, like Alas, Benuaq, and others - others.
So-called Kutai tribe today is the tribe of the families rhymes, punang, Pahu and easy melani acculturated with newcomers and slowly left the customary length. While the Dayak tribe is of Sendawar who remain steadfast in the belief ancestors. Thus the Kutai tribe is not a young Malay tribe but was an old Malay tribes, just as Dayak. Grouping parts into the Kutai young Malay race just based on the Socio-religious or cultural, not by type (old Malay).

Problems of classification Dayak or Malay. 

Kutai tribe changes drastically after converting to Islam, almost removing traces its origin is Lawangan tribe. Malay culture is considered to be more "civilized", helping to eliminate the culture of the Dayak tribe Kutai quickly. The term "haloq" inherent in Kutai Tribe which means "abandon old customs" is used as a pride for that be "halooq". But for Alas-Benuaq term it as a stigma because it does not respect the heritage. So Kutai lose track Kaharingan / Lawangan, although there remains a small part. As a result people are more confident Kutai Malay, but not so. Of course everything in the old customs are considered Shirk (against religion) so it must be destroyed and abandoned.
The difficulty of the data more difficult for investigators to trace the origin of Kutai tribe. Making research results look even vaguely ambiguous. Researchers often classify based on language, whereas according to the Kutai and Alas-Benuaq know that classifies oral tradition based on cultural groups and cultural history as well as genealogy. Therefore Kutai tribe Dayak classified into Malay culture.

Ala Body Art Dayak tattooing. 

The word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word / Tatu, who have the meanings: signifies something. Tattoo or tattoos in English is called Tattoo, is a mark made by inserting pigment into the skin. In technical terms, rajah is micro-pigment implantation. Rajah can be made on human or animal skin. Rajah in humans is a form of body modification, temporary tattoo of animals commonly used as identification. Rajah is a practice that is found almost everywhere with the function in accordance with local custom. Rajah formerly often used by the isolated tribes in a region of the world as the tagging region, degree, rank, even signify a person's health. Rajah is widely used by the Polynesians, the Philippines, Borneo, Africa, North America, South America, Mesoamerica, Europe, Japan, Cambodia, and China. Although in some circles is considered taboo tattoo, tattoo art remains a popular thing in the world. Do not be surprised when it comes to the interior of Borneo see the local community body skin tattoo tattoos were encountered, although in women. The art of making tattoos tattoo or activities that have been handed down by the Dayak of Kalimantan. Tattoos for the Dayak community is not just decoration, but it has a very deep meaning. Because tattoos for the Dayak community should not be disposed of at will because he is part of a tradition, a person's social status in society, as well as the appreciation of the ability of one's tribe. Dayak people believe this is the art of body tattooing as stock lights in one trip to the nature of eternity, after death. Tattoos terajah in a person's body can describe who he is in fact, such a tattoo around the fingers indicates the person who likes to help the tribe as healers or a healer and a growing number of tattoos on his hands, indicating that more and more people help and expert in the science of medicine. For the people of Kenya and Dayak Kayan Dayaks in East Kalimantan, many people describe the tattoo is already strong wandering. Different with the nobility who wear tattoos, motif common to the nobility is the hornbill bird endemic to Borneo sacred. The art of tattooing is usually done by using two sticks, one of which eyed needle is dipped into a special ink (first still using dyes from plants), and in tapping while the needle is run according to what image will be generated later. The art of body tattooing is unique is inviting interested parties who loves art, among others, Anthony Kiedis famous vocalist of Red Hot Chili Pappers. In the 1990s he accidentally flew specially to Borneo to tattoo his body, precisely Tapping into the village, where the Dayak Iban longhouse, in Betong border Keriung National Park, West Kalimantan and Sarawak border in order to get a tattoo with tribal motifs ala Dayak traditional treatment.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/inscriptions-found-yupa.html
DatePublished: March 3, 2014 at 13:03

7MHPNPADAEFW

Tag ; Inscriptions found Yupa.