Do You Know Termites.

Termites are social insects member infraordo Isoptera, part of the order Blattodea (cockroach) is widely recognized as an important pest of human life. Termites eat wood and lodged in the frame home furnishing or causing many economic losses. Termites are still allied with ants, which are also social insects. In English, termites called "white ants" (white ant) ​​because of the similarity behavior.

Wood damage due to termite attack.

The term actually refers to the animal termites in general, but there are several different forms known as the ant colony or social bees. In the colonies, termites do not have wings. However, some form of winged termites can achieve that will come out of the nest in droves at the start of the rainy season (which is often a sign of a change to the rainy season) at dusk and fly closer to the light. This form is known as moths or termites.

Termite Control.

A study proves that the application of NE effective in controlling subterranean termites C. curvignathus. Subterranean termites are pests that have habitat specificity and have typical behavior. Termite colonies build his palace in the soil to a certain depth, even often looks firmly on the ground. Termite colonies in the soil could number in the hundreds of thousands to millions and led by a queen termite termites protected by thousands of soldiers in a sturdy building that is composed of soil. Habitat and behavior is difficult termites termite control using chemical pesticides because of the shape and nature of the pesticide does not support. Instead, use NE to control termites are very effective because mobility NE strongly supports the achievement of target pest accuracy and habitat NE accordance with termite habitat. Therefore, the results of these studies proved the high percent termite mortality due to NE application is very significant compared to the control treatment.

Termite life cycle.

Termite life cycle we can learn that we understand their life cycle that starts from the soft egg shape transparent orange and the next egg will hatch into larvae. Of these larvae will grow up and become a little termites commonly called nymphs. When growing up, the young termites will choose their role in large colonies in the group.

Termite eggs.

After hatching and becoming new termite known that these small termites into what kind of termites, so he could be a soldier termites, termites and termite workers queen and king termites. Most of them will be the worker termites. Termite workers in colonies numbering at most. As their work is finding and collecting food, caring for the parent and its larvae, building nests and improve both existing and new nests.
This kind of caste worker termites have the ability to digest cellulose contained in the wood, and then digest the wood to then be spit out and become food for the mother, the soldiers and the larvae. Termites This type is generally the most damaging many buildings are wood therein.
As for the types of termites are the most destructive Formosan termites because it has a very large colonies and spend most food among other termite species.

Termites workers

In addition there is also a worker termite nymphs which then became a termite soldier who served to keep a colony. However this type of termite has the disadvantage of this type of termite is not able to eat alone. They rely heavily on workers to provide them with regurgitated food. The soldier termites will cooperate with termite workers in finding and distributing food.

Termite soldier.

Termites sires in charge of production (Alates), termites are the future queen of a new colony of termites. Their body shape when the newborn is not as great when it became queen termites but still slim, of a termite kingdom only those who have wings. The wing is what is needed to move from one place to another in order to build new colonies in different places, two pairs of wings of the same size will appear on their backs.
Queen termites or termite sires we often refer to as moths and appear before the rain. Beautiful shape of their bodies to a class of termites (slim and winged) will not be able to last long. Because of this wing has the disadvantage that vulnerable and very fragile, and quickly fall out once they have found a place to build a new colony.
If elected to the queen, the body of the female moths will not be slim again and will be obese, because the purpose of his life until death is laying for the colony. Where they will continue to eat and eat again to be the most energy and raw materials into the eggs.
Termite queen and king termites in a colony there is only one king and one queen. Termite queen is also the world's longest living insect can live 50 years under the right conditions.

The queen termite.

When a termite colony becomes too great and the queen can not lay eggs enough to maintain it, sexual reproduction by reproductive termites would run to ease the burden of the queen. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 16:20

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Did you know Ants seedlings.

Nursery ants or insects Tomcat (scientific name: Paederus littoralis), also called Rove Beetles (Rove Beetle) or by the name of Charlie county Ants Kayap or in Indonesia, is the main group of segmented animals (arthropods) are included in the large family of beetles (Staphylinidae) , primarily distinguished by the short length of the protective cover wing ("sheathed wing") that left more than half of their abdomen open. With more than 46,000 species in the thousands of generations, this group is the second largest family of beetles after Curculionidae (actual beetle). These insects belong to a group of ancient insects, the insects tomcat known fossils from the Triassic Age or destruction of life on Earth about 200 million years ago.

Anatomy.

As might be expected for such a large family of beetles, there is considerable variation among species. The size ranges from 1 to 35 mm (1.5 inches), with most in the range of 2-8 mm, and generally elongated shape, with some insects tomcat rounded like an egg. Dark yellow body at the top, bottom abdomen (belly) and dark-colored head. Antenna beetle usually 11 segmented and filiform, with moderate clubbing in several generations of beetles. Normally, these beetles seen crawling around the region by hiding its wings and upon first glance it is more like an ant. If disturbed or threatened, the beetle will raise part of the abdomen so that he looks like a scorpion to scare the enemy.

Pemerian.

Tomcat does not bite or sting. Tomcat will automatically discharge when in contact or come into contact with human skin directly. Gravity, Tomcat will discharge this poison on items such as clothing, towels, or other objects. At certain insects, are suspected of fluid 12 times more powerful than cobra venom. Haemolymph fluid or toxin is referred to as 'aederin' (C24H43O9N) [8]. If it has been exposed to dermatitis, immediately clean sheets, handkerchiefs, towels, clothes or objects that allegedly exposed to toxins tomcat. Contact with these beetles when lying down or sleeping, destroy the body or brushing with dirty fingers will cause conjunctivitis and severe skin diseases that are recognized as 'dermatitis linearis', 'aederus (rove beetle / Staphylinidae) dermatitis'. If you see the Tomcat perched on hand, do not push or killed as deadly mosquitoes or other small insects. Tomcat should be blown up to go, or taken with care using hand tools or covered in plastic and dumped into a safe place. After that washing hands with soap and repeat again. If you can spray it with insecticide insects and removed without having to touch it directly. Indeed, this insect is a friend of the farmer as it is a natural predator for leafhoppers, one of the pests that became the main enemy of farmers. Tomcat is a group of agricultural insects, but in the last 3 to 4 years reported any health problems in humans caused by the insect.

Prevention.

Close the windows and turn off the lights when not in use because Tomcat like bright places. Do not wear revealing clothes to avoid direct contact with Tomcat. Mosquito netting should be given a window so that Tomcat can not enter. Be careful if you have small children who like to play near the plant and remove the plant from the house when the conditions are not maintained as it could potentially become a hotbed Tomcat.

Treatment.

If the skin is exposed to toxins Insect Tomcat immediately wash the affected skin with soap, should not be given toothpaste, eucalyptus oil, balm, oil wasps or powder as it will only worsen the situation. Tomcat toxin affected skin will be red inflamed like herpes but not the same. Treatment using the ointment and antibiotics. Usually hydrocortisone 1% or ointment and antibiotics neomycin sulfate betametasone 3 times daily or acyclovir ointment 5%. Inflammation can also be relieved by compressing the affected skin toxins with cold water.

Ecological benefits.

In nature, paederinae have a role as a predator is an insect that preys on insects or other arthropods. Paederinae an important predators on soybean, especially as Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar pest predators.

Identify Characteristics, Symptoms and Effects When Affected Insect Tomcat
Tomcat is a genus of insect insects Paederus. Characteristic Paederus which produce toxins called paederin. The toxin makes the blisters like burns and discharge. In several regions in Indonesia, Tomcat also known as Kanai ants or ant kayap. The term Tomcat allegedly taken from the name of American fighters. Tomcat size was only 7.5 - 8mm. Despite its small size, but the toxins released by these insects is more powerful than cobra venom. That is the reason why you should be wary of this insect Tomcat.
Characteristics and How to Recognize Insect Tomcat
Besides having the characteristic of producing a toxin called paederin, insects Tomcat also have other characteristics, such as:
Insect Tomcat sized adult body length of about 7.5-8mm
Old orange with black on the head, front wing, and the base of the belly
When viewed from the magnifying glass, the front wing has blue / green sheen colors

When symptoms arise Affected Insect Tomcat

Tomcat normally live in the area or plant trees and shrubs. When in danger, insect venom Tomcat will discharge as measures to defend itself from the threat of the enemy. Toxins "pederin" contained in this insect can cause quite painful effect on the skin. If contact, wash hands and skin with soap and water.
Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health (P2PL) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Professor Dr. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, describes clinical symptoms tomcat attack. Among others, the affected skin is usually in the area of ​​bare skin in a short time will feel the heat. Then after 24 to 48 hours will appear bubbles on the skin and surrounding red lesions resembling due to exposure to hot water or burns.
In the rare cases do not cause significant skin symptoms. Needs to be ensured if there is no history exposed to chemicals or burns. Then, lesions in the eye causes conjunctivitis, or commonly called Naerobi Eye.
How to Overcome and Treating Insect Tomcat When Affected
For treatment, Tjandra suggest if discovered this insect poison should not be squeezed so as not affecting the skin. Then insert the plastic to carefully and dispose of to a safe place. Immediately give running water and soap on the skin that come into contact with these insects.
Tjandra also said that in order to make sure there are no more insects, to prevent further lesions in the skin, compress the skin with an antiseptic solution cool. If already raised lesions such as burns, for continued treatment should check to the health center or the nearest hospital. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 14:13

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You know gecko fly.

Draco Volans or cekibar is a species of reptiles belonging to the tribe (familia) Agamidae. Another lizard chameleon and tribes still-soa soa (Hydrosaurus spp.). Flying lizards do not actually close relatives as well as a gecko (tribes Gekkonidae).

Cekibar village.

Cekibar village is a type of lizard fly often found in Java. These lizards are known by the scientific name Draco Volans Linnaeus, 1758. Local names are cekibar (Betawi), hap-hap (Sunda), and celeret Gombel or klarap (Java). In English is called gliding lizard or a dragon fly.
These animals spread from Thailand and the Malay peninsula in the west; Philippine Islands in the north; Sumatra, Mentawai, Riau, Natuna, Borneo, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku to the east.

Characteristics.

The size is rather small lizards, the total length up to 200 mm. Patagium ('wings') in the form of an extension of six pairs of ribs covered with leather. Top side patagium yellow to orange, black stained. The down side yellowish gray, with black spots.
Bumpy in the head, elbow-faceted and wrinkled like an old man; with a yellow chin pouch (male) or blue (females), and a pair of leather Sibir on both sides of the neck. Small crown Rigi, located on the back side of the head. Agamid typical lizard eye, with thick protruding eyelids.
Back (upper body) blackish brown or grayish, color can be darker or lighter when disturbed. Throughout the vertebrae (spine) there is a pattern of black spots on the usual location: on the crown, back of the head, neck, and then enlarged and turned into a brownish black circle pattern at three points on the back (spine) and one at the base of the tail, This type of color pattern is a good pseudonym bark.
Ventral (bottom side of the body) gray-whitish, slightly greenish in the medial (midline of the body); with brown dots in the lateral direction (side edge of the body). Tail about 1 ½ times the length of the body; striped in the end, with a scale that makes it seem more powerful in terms of air-side keel.

Habit.

Cekibar village commonly found in the yard, garden, secondary forest. Often these animals were observed hunting insects in bark-cabanarnog branch to the tree. Sometimes cekibar move by means of 'fly', ie jump and float from one tree to another.
In the breeding season, often encountered several men chasing women in the same tree. Storing eggs in the soil or humus at the base of the tree; women dig with muzzle.

Klarap.

One of the occupants in the coffee plantation is klarap lizard. Klarap it is a small lizard that lives at the base of a large tree. Klarap are predators that feed on insects in the garden. Klarap eat grasshoppers, crickets and other insects. When threatened by other creatures, klarap Bias drift avoid flying from tree to another. Usually klarap a stay in the tree itself and other klarap live another tree. Males have a "flag" yellow form of skin that are usually folded in front of the neck. When klarap a warning or a threat to klarap in another tree, klarap open "flag" it and show it in order not to be attacked by competitors from other trees. Klarap invertebrates such an important predator in the garden. Predators that feed on insects during the day, can reduce the number of insects, including some coffee pests. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 12:30

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Did you know Spiders.

Spider, also called spiders, is a kind of jointed animals (arthropods) with two body segments, four pairs of legs, wingless and do not have a mouth cud. All kinds of spiders in the order Araneae classified; and together with scorpions, scorpion, eight-legged mite-all incorporated into the class Arachnida. Field of study of spiders called arachnologi.
Spiders are predators (carnivores), sometimes cannibals. Its main prey are insects. Almost all kinds of spiders, with the exception of about 150 species of tribe Uloboridae and Holarchaeidae, and suborder Mesothelae, able to inject either through a pair of fangs to the enemy or prey. Nevertheless, tens of thousands of species, only about 200 species whose bite can be dangerous to humans.
Not all spiders make webs to catch prey, but all of them able to produce the silk thread-thin strands of protein fibers but strong-of glands (called spinnerets) which is located at the back of his body. The silk fiber is very useful to help the movement of the spider, swinging from one place to another, trapping prey, making egg sacs, protecting the nest holes, and others.

Morphology.

Spider anatomy :

(1) four pairs of legs
(2) cephalothorax
(3) opisthosoma
Unlike insects have three body parts, spider only has two. Segment front called cephalothorax or prosoma, which actually is a combination of head and chest (thorax). While the rear segment called abdominal (stomach) or opisthosoma. Between cephalothorax and abdomen are thin connective called pedicle or pedicellus.
At cephalothorax attached four pairs of legs, and one to four pairs of eyes. In addition to a pair of large fanged jaws (called chelicera), there are also a pair of mouth or some similar hand tools called pedipalps. In some types of spiders, adult males pedipalps on enlarging and changing the function as a tool in marriage.
Spiders do not have mouths or teeth for chewing. Instead, the mouth of the spider in the form of a vacuum to suck the prey's body fluids.

Senses.

Eyes on spiders generally a single eye (single-lens eyes), and not like the compound eyes of insects. Most spiders have a vision that is not so good, can not distinguish color, or simply sensitive to dark and light. Spider cave dwellers there are even blind. There are exceptions in some types of spider hunters who have sharp eyesight and good, including in recognizing colors.
To mark the presence of prey on spiders generally rely on vibration, either in nets silk or on land, water, or place its host. There is also capable of spider tasted the difference in air pressure. The sense of touch spiders located on the hairs on his legs.

Predation.

Most spiders indeed a predator (prey) ambush, waiting for prey passing nearby while hiding behind the leaves, layer of petals, crack rocks, or holes in the ground covered with camouflage. Some types have color patterns disguise herself on the ground, rocks or tree bark, so no need to hide.
Weaver spiders (eg tribal members Araneidae) make silk webs approximately spherical shape in the air, between the leaves and branches, in the face of the rock fissures, in the corners of the building, between the telephone wire, and others , These nets are attached, to catch flying insects that become prey. Once the insect is trapped webs, spiders immediately approached and thrust its fangs to immobilize the prey and simultaneously sends digestive enzymes into its prey's body.
Slightly different, spider hunters (such as tribal members Lycosidae) are usually more active. These types of spiders usual exploring the trees, the sidelines of the grass, or the surface of the rocky wall to find prey. This spider can catch up and jump for prey.
Can be injected through a spider's fangs are usually well as ingest and destroy parts of the body of the prey. Then slowly along the broken body fluid in the organ that is inhaled by the predator. Hours spiders suck the liquid dries up the carcass of their prey. Spiders have jaws (chelicera) strong, can more quickly spend their food by disrupting the body and crushing jaws and prey with its fangs it.  Live the rest of small balls that are crushed prey body had shrunk / shrivel.
Some spiders weaver has the ability to wrap the body of its prey with winding threads of silk. This capability is very useful especially if the prey has a self-defense tool that is dangerous, like a bee that has stung; or if the spider wants to save some time while waiting for their prey when preferred to enjoy it later.

Diversity Type.

Until now, about 40,000 species of spiders have been described, and sub-divided into 111 parts. However, given that this animal is so diverse, many of which are very small stature, often hidden in nature, and even many specimens in the museum that are not well understood, it is believed that the possibility of different types of spiders can reach 200,000 species entirely.
Order of the spider is further divided into three major categories at the level of the suborder, namely:

Mesothelae.

Is a primitive spider is not poisonous, the body segments are apparent; shows a closer kinship with the ancestor of arthropods jointed.

Mygalomorphae or Orthognatha.

Is a group of spiders that make hiding hole, and also makes a hole in the ground trap. Many large-bodied species, such as the tarantula.

Araneomorphae.

Is a group of spiders 'modern'. Most spiders we encountered belong to the suborder of this, given that membership consists of 95 parts and covers approximately 94% of the number of species of spider. Fangs of this group leads slightly tilted forward (and not straight as the tarantula group) and driven in the opposite direction as pincers biting prey.

Special Feature Spider.

Spiders are invertebrate animals that berbuku-book (arthropods). Characteristic of spiders the best known is that of eight feet and has the ability to make webs. Spiders are carnivores (meat eaters), but he can not jump or fly. So he must have a special ability to capture prey.

Some special features of spiders.

1. Make Nets

Spiders can make a web that comes from a very sticky saliva. So as to trap prey in the form of small insects that walk through the net. Thus, the spider can easily capture their prey.

2. "The Mouth" Shaped Like Vacuum Equipment

Spiders do not have a mouth or teeth. He preys on its prey by sucking body fluids prey. Spiders have a "mouth" that functions like a vacuum.

3. Sense of Touch at His feet Sensitive

Most spiders have poor eyesight. So as to determine whether there is a prey that has been trapped in his net, he uses the sense of touch in his legs to detect vibrations on their webs.

4. Have Could

Of the tens of thousands of species, only 150 species of spiders that do not have to. Can be used to kill its prey. Can be found in the fangs of spiders. However, only 200 species of spiders that could have harmful to humans.

5. Only Have Two Segments Body

Spiders have only two body segments unlike other insects have three body segments. Two segments that are prosoma (head and chest) and abdomen (stomach). Legs are in prosoma.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 28, 2015 at 18:16

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You Know Walang Sangit.

Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius, (Hemiptera: Alydidae); syn. Leptocorisa acuta) is an insect pest that became important in the cultivation of crops, especially rice. In Indonesia, this insect is called: sloth (West Java), pianggang (Sumatra), and quiet (Madura). These animals are easily recognizable from its elongated shape, measuring about 2 cm, gray brown, and has a "trunk" (proboscis) for sucking plant fluids. Walang sangit is of the order Hemiptera (true Ladybugs nation).
Walang sangit suck sap from the flower stalk (paniculae) and also liquid rice fruits that are still at the stage of cooking the milk, causing crop nutrient deficiencies and yellowing (chlorosis), and slowly weakened.
The name of these animals show a form of defense himself, which issued a stinging scent nose (so-called "sangit"). Actually, not only walang sangit that issued this aroma, but also many other Alydidae members.

Behavior and control interference.

Female insects produce 100-200 eggs, which are laid on the flag leaf of rice. His nymph green, which gradually becomes brown, and experiencing molting five times. Stadia nymphs occurred during 17-27 days. At suitable conditions, imago can live up to 115 days. Nymph and imago attack rice ripe fruit milk by sucking liquid fruit, so the fruit becomes empty. In the former stitches, raised a white patches caused by the fungus Helminthosporium. How to control it is by planting simultaneously, sanitation plants are attacked, or by spraying insecticide according to the recommended dosage.

Description Morphology and BioEkologi Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) on Rice.

Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius L) is one of the pests that attack rice plants. Symptoms of attack in the form of rice grains were empty because it was eaten away. This pest is now a common pest of rice crops and spread rapidly in all regions of the world.
In Indonesia walang rice pest is a pest potential at certain times become an important pest and can cause yield losses reach 50%. Alleged that the population of 100,000 birds per hectare can reduce up to 25% results. The results showed a population walang sangit 5 ​​mice per 9 clumps of rice will decrease 15% results. The relationship between population density walang sangit with decreased results indicate that the attack of the tail walang per panicle rice pest in one week can reduce the results of 27%.

Morphological characters Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius).

Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera, Family: Alydidae, Genus: Leptocorisa, Species: oratorius
Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) general morphology composed of antenna, caput, thorax, abdomen, front legs, back legs, front wing and rear wing. These insects have a hard front wings, thick and without veins. Membranus-type rear wing and folded under the wings of the insect while resting. The type of tool that is biting-chewing mouth with well developed mandibular capabilities. In some species, especially from the tribe formed Curculionadae tool muzzle his mouth formed at the front of the head.
Walang sangit young green leaves that resemble the colors to deceive the enemy and do not have the ability to fly. While the adult sangit Walang brown and have a good ability to fly. In general, walang sangit slim body shape, long legs and antennas. Walang rice pest eggs are round and flat, blackish brown. Laid eggs lined up, in one or two rows of eggs amounted to 12-16 grains.

BioEkologi.

Besides rice, walang sangit also have alternative host plants in the form of grasses, among others: Panicum spp; Andropogon sorghum; Digitaria consanguinaria; Eleusine coracoma; Setaria Italica; Cyperus polystachys, Paspalum spp; and Pennisetum typhoideum.
Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) undergo simple metamorphosis begins development of stadia egg, nymph and imago. Walang sangit adults lay eggs on the upper leaves of the plant, especially in the area of ​​the flag leaf of rice plants. 57-day old egg-laying period with a total production of eggs per stem + 200 grains. 7 days old egg stadia, there are five instar growth befallen the total length + 19 days. Preoviposition + 21 days long, so long the life cycle of the pest walang sangit + 46 days.
The eggs hatch into nymphs active after moving into the panicle rice grains are still looking stadia as eat, cook milk. And adult-befallen befallen on a hot day hiding under the canopy of the plants. Adult insects active in the morning to fly from clump to clump while the cost is relatively much happened in the afternoon or evening.
Walang mature rice plants flowering sangit moved to rice crops and breed a generation before the rice crop is harvested. The number of generations in a single stretch of paddy crop depends on the length and number of intervals of rice planting in the overlay. The more simultaneous planting the fewer the number of generations of pests walang sangit development.

The natural pest known walang sangit attacked by two types namely egg parasitoid Gryon nixoni Mesner and O. malayensis Ferr. The second parasitism parasitoids in the field below 50%. Observations were conducted in 1997 and 2000 in several areas in West Java showed parasitoid G. nixoni more dominant than the parasitoid O. malayensis. Parasitoid O. malayensis only found in rice planting areas in a rather mountainous area where many ditanaman besides rice planting crops such as soy beans or O. malayensis besides attacking eggs walang rice pest also attacks the eggs of pests and Nezara viridula Riptortus linearis which is a major pest of soybean plants. Various types of spiders and grasshoppers family Gryllidae and Tettigonidae be walang sangit pest predators. Fungus Beauveria sp is also a natural enemy walang sangit. This fungus attacks befall stadia and adults.

Environmental Factors.

Optimal temperature:

The optimal temperature for the proliferation walang Area sangit ie 27-30 degrees Celsius.

Time:

This relates to the time of day, afternoon and evening. Sangit walang afternoon time used to spawn. Besides the comparison phase of growth and development of plants also affects when walang rice pest will attack that primarily affects the young phase, whereas in the old phase (generative old age) walang rice pest attack and chose not to move to another host.

Habitat:

Habitats where land affects the growth and development of highly among others layout walang rice fields close to Perhutani, high sugar population and agricultural cultivation systems (planting synchronously).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 28, 2015 at 10:47

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You Know dragonflies.

Dragonflies or damselflies and dragonflies Needles are a group of insects that belong to the nation Odonata. Both kinds of insects are rarely located far away from the water, where they spawn and spend pre-adult children. His name in the local language is papatong (Sunda), dragonfly (Java), coblang (Java), kasasiur (Kalimantan), tjapung
Dragonflies (suborder Anisoptera) relatively easily distinguished from damselfly (suborder Zygoptera). Dragonflies are generally relatively large stature and perch with wings open or stretched sideways. While damselfly generally smallish (though there is some kind of rather large), has a similar slim abdomen thin needle, and perch with wings closed, upright fused onto his back.

Habitat and habits.

Dragonfly and damselfly spread widely, in forests, gardens, fields, rivers and lakes, to the yard and the urban environment. Found starting from the shore to a height of more than 3,000m above sea level. Some species, generally the type of dragonfly, is a strong and broad aviator travel area. Several other species have specific habitat and the living area is narrow. Damselfly usually fly weakly, and rarely venturing far.
Dragonfly life cycle, from egg to death as an adult, varies between six months and a maximum of six or seven years. Dragonflies lay their eggs on plants that are in the water. There is a kind of pleased with stagnant water, but some types are happy to put their eggs in water that is rather heavy. After hatching, larvae (larvae) dragonflies live and thrive in the bottom waters, metamorphosed into nymphs, and finally out of the water as an adult dragonfly.
Most of the life cycle is spent in the form of a dragonfly nymph, below the water surface, using internal gills to breathe. Dragonfly larvae and nymphs live as ferocious carnivores. Large dragonfly nymphs can even hunt and prey on tadpoles and fish children. As adults, the dragonfly is only able to live for a maximum of four months.

Amazing Facts About Dragonflies.

Dragonflies are flying insects that can hover in the air. Dragonflies are thought to have existed 300 million years ago. To obtain food, dragonfly get them from other insects that prey on the weaker from it. There are so many species to dragonflies, and most of them are found near water.

According to the researchers, the dragonfly has many advantages compared to other insects. Based on the results of the latest research experts found a very surprising fact that modern technology helicopter flight was very far behind compared with a dragonfly. Dragonfly flight systems beat all man-made machine. For this reason, the design of the last model of the famous Sikorsky helicopters in the world, created using designs dragonfly as a model framework. In this project, IBM helps companies design Sikorsky to carry pictures of dragonflies in particular computer. After that, by taking the example of dragonflies, thousands of illustrations created in the computer. Then, with the example of dragonflies flying technology, they invented a Sikorsky helicopter models.

Dragonflies have a very sharp vision with the total number of micro eyes thirty thousand pieces and each eye leads to different points so that when flying, he can maneuver very quickly even though at the last minute to avoid the pursuit of prey or save himself from a truck coming the opposite direction. Unlike the case with the pilot after the maneuver, he will have difficulty determining the aircraft's position relative to the earth's surface and can lead to the risk of accidents. Therefore, the aircraft is equipped pilot gyroscopes used to compare with the actual horizon horizontal line so that it can quickly determine aircraft position and avoid the risk of accidents.

Dragonflies maneuver performed while flying not only because of his eyesight sharp, but is influenced also by the hair - the hair on his body. When the dragonfly's body position changed during the flight, the hairs on the body and the head becomes aroused. Nerve cells in hair follicles was sending information to the muscles of dragonflies flying about his position in the air. This allows the muscles will automatically regulate the amount and velocity of the wing. Thus, in the most difficult maneuvers, dragonflies never lose direction or control. This system really is a miracle of engineering.

Excess on small insects are not only that, dragonflies can also fly at high speed. Dragonflies are the fastest insects in the world, he is able to fly at speeds of 97 km / h and can travel as far as 137 km in one day.

At high speeds, the dragonfly collides with its prey. The shock of the collision is very strong, but the shape of the bending of the body can absorb shocks in a collision, unlike the case with prey. Dragonfly prey would lose consciousness or even die as a result of the collision. After the collision, the rear legs stretched forward and catch dragonflies prey startled, then torn - shreds and eaten with powerful jaws.

Given the structure of the dragonfly's body so perfect and advanced to the size of an insect smaller than the other insects are very unreasonable. How could a dragonfly can be more advanced than the current cutting-edge technology such as Sikorsky helicopters. According to the core of Darwin's theory of evolution which says that "Evolution occurs because the process of natural selection (natural selections). Species that live in the present comes from living things that come from the past ". Dragonfly may not evolve with the oldest fossilized dragonfly dragonflies living today do not have a difference at all. Impossible if the system is in the body of the dragonfly is formed stage by stage by chance as the content of Darwin's theory of evolution. This is because that for a living creature can live, all these systems must exist at the same time and complete.

Dragonflies are widespread in forests, gardens, fields, rivers and lakes, to the yard and the urban environment. In general, these insects are rarely far from the water, where they spawn and spend pre-adult children. One of the benefits to human dragonfly can be demonstrated with dragonfly habitat. Dragonfly habitats can be showed the water quality in the environment around us. If they can meet a lot of dragonflies means mark our waters are relatively clean of pollution, because the eggs and nymphs can only multiply and survive in waters that are not polluted.

Advantages of these small insects can inspire researchers create increasingly sophisticated means of transportation for human need today. Given the benefits are so great dragonfly for human life shows us how great the power of God created creatures with their respective strengths so that we should be grateful to all of this. Nature has provided God to man and it should we preserve and conserve nature and contents for the ongoing stability of the ecosystem on earth.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 28, 2015 at 10:08

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Did You Know About Fireflies.

Firefly is an insect that can emit light that is clearly visible at night. The light generated by "cold light" that contains no ultraviolet or infrared rays and has a wavelength of 510 to 670 nanometers, with a pale red color, yellow, or green, with a light efficiency of up to 96%.

Fireflies included in the class Lampyridae which is familia in the beetle order Coleoptera. There are more than 2000 species of fireflies, which can be found in the four seasons and tropical regions throughout the world. Many of this species is found in swamps or wet forests which provided plenty of food for its larvae.
Firefly, which emits a beam to recognize each other or to mark mating, using different wavelengths of light, depending on the species. Moreover, in some species, male fireflies are initially shining to attract the females, while in other species, the females were "calling." Some fireflies use their light to defend itself. They emit light as a sign of the enemy that they are not the food was delicious.
For groups Photuris fireflies, their light also plays a role in the hunt. Females of this type can mimic the flickering light signals emitted by females of other types, such as Photuris. With this false light signals, male fireflies kind Photuris was caught and eaten by the female Photuris.
Firefly light also acts as a warning sign, to warn inter-fellow kind of danger, as well as a warning to insects and birds of prey so as not to eat it. Therefore, substances trigger the formation of fireflies light bitter taste. Even if there are insect predators desperate, they usually eat fireflies body of the head, continue to the rear, except the abdomen that is not eaten.

Type of food.

Food fireflies are liquids plants, snails small siputan, worms, and other insects.

Maintenance ways.

If you want to maintain a firefly, should prepare a design almost identical to their natural habitat. Not to be an area with the original. The important thing fireflies comfortable and feel at home there. Because if fireflies are not at home, they do not want to live there. Food can be taken from the natural world around us.

Reproduction fireflies.

Note there are two types of mating ritual of fireflies. The first type, firefly females will release the light that attracted the attention of male fireflies. In this type, the female firefly parties actively looking for a partner, while the passive male.
In the second type, mating ritual begins with a wink-wink of light firefly males who reported that she is a virgin or a lonely widower who is looking for a lover who is now somewhere. Flying to and fro, hoping there fireflies mejeng females who are looking for a mate.
Light blink a kind of firefly has a color, intensity and power of a typical so only fireflies same type able to articulate the meaning of the blinking light. The specificity of light at the time of looking for a partner is precisely that used by experts to distinguish different types of fireflies.
Firefly females rarely fly looking for a life partner, he is just waiting on the ground or the grass, waiting for cues from male fireflies who would become her moorings. When it saw the light of a firefly males, the females will respond with a beam of light that indicated he had recognized the male signal.
Furthermore, males fly toward the female desire of his life. After the close, male fireflies emit light many times, perhaps to ensure that his love is not unrequited. Likewise, the female will emit bright light indicating ready courtship, males will approach the female and then they mate.
Mating process occurs with both genitals touching each other at the end of the stomach and continued with the transfer of packets of sperm from the male to the female body. Sperm packets will be stored in the female abdomen until he is ready to lay eggs. The mating process can be continued throughout the night, and at that fireflies do not emit light.
After the mating, the female directly takes the lover who has to fertilize her eggs. There are also certain types of insects that have a habit such as Black Widow, etc. By consuming the opposite sex, then the females get extra protein to raise the existing egg cells in the body.
Fireflies lay on when it gets dark, eggs, amounting to between 100 and 500 items are put on the ground, twigs, grass, moss in place or under foliage. Cemetery land is relatively loose and not much disturbed an ideal nesting locations fireflies.
After about 30 days, emerged larvae resemble worms fireflies emit light, flat shape with a small head and powerful jaws. Light function on larvae only to warn predators that do not try to bother him. The main activity of the larvae are eating foods such as earthworms, small snails or small insect larvae lain.Masa is the longest period that sekitar1-2 years before becoming kepom-pong. Only a small portion of the firefly eggs hatch into larvae and a few larvae pupate successful. Some predators prey on eggs and fireflies juniors.
Before the larvae pupate will make burrows in the ground. Furthermore, he will go and put his body in the canal. His mouth will remove mucus sticky taped to the wall of the hole. After a month larva resting in the room, he stripped off the skin for the last time and enters the pupal period. Cocoon at first pale yellow and slowly becomes dark, cocoon period lasts about 10 days.
Adult fireflies come out of the cocoon with a pale body that eventually evolved into darker. Both pairs of wings outstretched in order to inflate and dry. Adult fireflies live in booths for a few days until the second front wing really hard and shaping elitera, shield which protects both the soft rear wing.
Adult fireflies live for 2-3 weeks, to perform a marriage. During the feeding activity fireflies are very diverse, some kind of just sucking plant fluids while other types continue eating habits such as still larvae, as other insect or small snails.

Firefly light Being Natural Mystery.

Firefly is an insect that can emit light that is clearly visible at night. The light generated by "cold light" that contains no ultraviolet or infrared rays and has a wavelength of 510 to 670 nanometers, with a pale red color, yellow, or green, with a light efficiency of up to 96%.

Fireflies included in the class Lampyridae which is familia in the beetle order Coleoptera. There are more than 2000 species of fireflies, which can be found in the four seasons and tropical regions throughout the world. Many of this species is found in swamps or wet forests which provided plenty of food for its larvae.

Firefly, which emits a beam to recognize each other or to mark mating, using different wavelengths of light, depending on the species. Moreover, in some species, male fireflies are initially shining to attract the females, while in other species, the females were "calling." Some fireflies use their light to defend itself. They emit light as a sign of the enemy that they are not the food was delicious.

For groups Photuris fireflies, their light also plays a role in the hunt. Females of this type can mimic the flickering light signals emitted by females of other types, such as Photuris. With this false light signals, male fireflies kind Photuris was caught and eaten by the female Photuris.

Firefly light also acts as a warning sign, to warn inter-fellow kind of danger, as well as a warning to insects and birds of prey so as not to eat it. Therefore, substances trigger the formation of fireflies light bitter taste. Even if there are insect predators desperate, they usually eat fireflies body of the head, continue to the rear, except the abdomen that is not eaten.

1. Natural Mystery

We know that the fireflies come out at night, but there was also fireflies are active in the daytime. They were out during the day is generally not give off light. Only a few fireflies are able to emit light when it is in a dark place.

But why, fireflies emit light? How do they put up with the heat generated by the light? That unique firefly! The light they produce light without heat is called Luminescence. Luminescence in the body of fireflies produced by a substance called Luciferin. This Luciferin substances combine with oxygen to give off light.

Although scientists have been able to create the same type of light produced by fireflies, scientists still have to take some elements from the body of fireflies, because the chemists have not been able to make such substances. It is still a mystery of nature until now.

2. Babies Fireflies

In the adult fireflies, in addition to giving the warning, the light on his serve to attract a mate. Not only adult fireflies, firefly baby is still in the form of larvae also emit light. Light on the larvae useful to warn other animals that prey on them not to close.

After the marriage, firefly females will lay their eggs below the soil surface. The eggs will hatch into larvae after 3-4 weeks and will continue to be fed until the summer ends. After approximately 1-2 weeks from the end of the summer, the larvae will turn into pupae, then turn into adult fireflies.

3. Being Lantern

As in some other animals, fireflies also has significance in several legends and culture. In Mayan mythology, fireflies are often associated with the star. Firefly is also considered to represent the messengers in the temples of the Maya god.

Ancient Chinese people often enter the fireflies in a transparent box for later use as a lantern. While the culture and folklore of Japan, fireflies have the same meaning with the magnitude of the famous Sakura flower.

If you see fireflies in flight, the fireflies male sex. Why so? Because only male fireflies have wings, while the females inherent in the foliage and soil.
Thank you for reading this article.  Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/did-you-know-about-fireflies.html
DatePublished: May 27, 2015 at 18:13

Tags : Did You Know About Fireflies.

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