Facts about cholesterol.

Cholesterol is a fat-containing metabolites sterols which were found in the cell membrane and circulated in the blood plasma. High cholesterol in the body can cause many dangerous diseases. Therefore, many people who keep their diets to avoid this.

However, it turns out cholesterol has interesting facts that you do not know. Important facts to note that you do not misconstrue the facts about cholesterol. The fact it is:

The body produces cholesterol.

Most people think that cholesterol is derived from fatty foods. But, it turns out cholesterol is also produced by the body as needed. However, it's just excessive cholesterol resulting from the foods you consume.

Not only sourced from oily foods.

Many people believe that excess cholesterol derived from fatty foods, and oily. However, it turns out not only cholesterol is derived from fatty and oily foods alone, cholesterol also produced by the liver of animals. Thus, foods containing animal such as milk, meat, and eggs also can increase the cholesterol in your body tablets.

Serves as a healer.

It turns out that cholesterol is not always evil. Cholesterol also has a good function, which can help regenerate the cells in the body.

Cholesterol is affected genes.

Some people would never have the name failed diets, although it has been avoiding fatty and oily foods. Although not many people know about it, but it turns out cholesterol is also influenced by genetic factors. So, do not blame yourself so if you have failed diet.

The brain is rich in cholesterol.

It turns out that the human brain is also rich in cholesterol. Cholesterol is apparently coats nerve cells, such as the structure to hang neurons.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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DatePublished: 19 November 2014 at 15:07

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The most ridiculous myths.

Nothing is better than myth solve (mythbusting; that makes a Discovery Channel program, Mythbusters, famous), so here's a list of misconceptions and myths are known to people but arguably ridiculous - this time about science.

There is no gravity in space.

In fact, there is gravity in space - very much. The reason that the astronauts seemed to be no burden is because they orbit the Earth. They fell to Earth but moving to the side to avoid it. So, they always fall but never landed. Gravity exists in the entire virtual space (there but can not be felt). When a space shuttle reaches orbit altitude (about 250 miles above the Earth's surface), gravity is only reduced 10%.

Lightning never grabbed the same place twice.

The next time you see lightning and you think to run to strike to protect themselves from further attacks, remember this! Lightning is grabbing the same place twice - in fact, it is very common. Lightning prefer certain places such as tall trees or buildings. In the broad field, the highest object has likely struck by lightning several times to move away to find new targets. Empire State Building is struck by lightning 25 times a year.

Meteor become hot due to friction when entering the atmosphere.

When a meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere (being meteor), the actual speed of the compressing air in front of the object that caused the object to heat up. Is the pressure in the air which resulted in enough heat to make the stone very hot so shines when viewed from the Earth (if we are lucky to see it in the sky at the right time). We also need to reject the myth about meteors hot when it arrives on Earth - into the meteorite. Meteorites are always cold when it arrived on the mainland - and in fact often found coated in ice. This is due to the very cold stone of his travels through space so hot when entering the Earth is not enough to burn the outer layer.

A coin dropped from very high buildings can kill pedestrians below.

This myth is so common that it becomes cliche in a number of films. Myth is that if you drop a coin from the top of tall buildings (such as the Empire State Building) This coin will gain speed that could kill someone when man landed on the ground. But the fact is, the aerodynamics of a coin is not enough to make it dangerous. What will happen is people affected by the coin just feel tapped his head - of course they survived the "catastrophe" is.

Brain cells can not regenerate.

The reason it is becoming increasingly common myth is that this myth is believed and taught by the scientific community in the long term. But in 1998, scientists in Sweden and the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California found that human brain cells can regenerate. Previous long believed that complex brain can be disrupted by the growth of new cells, but the study found that memory and learning centers of the brain can create new cells - gives hope to cure diseases such as Alzheimer's.

There is the darkest side of the moon

In fact - every part of the moon illuminated at a time by the sun. This misconception arises because there is the darkest side of the moon that never seemed to Earth. It is caused by locking a wave; this is because that the gravitational pull of the Earth to the moon is so strong that month only show one face to us. Wikipedia states: "Locking wave occurs when gravity gradient causes one side of the astronomical body is always facing another body; for example, one side of the Moon always faces the Earth. The body is locked long wave rotates as evolved on the Earth. This rotation causes the parts of the Moon always faces the Earth . "

The food that falls to the floor is considered safe to eat when taken back in five seconds.

It is nonsense that is certainly known to many people. If there are germs on the floor and food landed on it, they automatically attached to food. In addition, eating germs and dirt not always be a bad thing because they help us build a strong immune system.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobamban86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: 19 November 2014 at 14:52

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Bahar roots.

Who already knows the root bahar? this thing we usually see in the hands of the hands of the champions of Betawi or Java. In addition to accesories, root bahar other mystery. Let us discuss the historical roots of bahar further.

Root bahar or in bali wood commonly called uli live in deep water with the Latin name Antiphates Sp. divided into three types, namely bahar Black Roots, Roots Bahar White, & Roots Red bahar. Of the three types above, the roots of black bahar who are more easily found. As root bahar Accessories can be used as a bracelet, a ring, or a pipe for smoking (cangkong). This is the root bahar plant species of coral, because his life in deep-sea corals.

Root bahar or can be called black coral coincidence I saw the islanders la banda sea bengke in Southeast Sulawesi (at point latitude 3 ° 26'5.16 "S and longitude 122 ° 23'15.66" E judging from google earth) are diving to just take a crab trap. I wonder turns population bengke He did not know at all that the root bahar it is a rare and unique item, when I ask this as the root bahar - by the resident said "for what?".

Rare item is the main attraction for most communities in Indonesia is believed to relieve pain in the bone joints, rheumatism and believed also as an antidote to black magic, it is no wonder champion winner of Indonesia's often put bahar roots in his hand. To ring valued root bahar 50,000 rupiah, while if there is a root bahar having a diameter of more than one cm, the price was changed into a million. So expensive for a root bahar accessories but still a lot of demand, and do not be surprised a lot of people race - the race to get it somehow.

many ways to process the root bahar to be accessories, such as: hot water soaked, scrubbed with cigarette ash and fine sandpaper to polish roots, burned with candle making it easy to form a circle depending on the wishes.

If you want to get it go to Bali commonly called wood uli, to the islands of the Pacific Islands, Southeast Sulawesi district. Konawe North, East Halmahera, in Irian Jaya or who had stopped across the country you can find in Hawaii, or in the waters of Cuba. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: November 18, 2014 at 19:00

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Did you know gardenia tree.

Gardenia or Glass Plates (Gardenia augusta) is an annual herbaceous coffee-copy of the tribe or Rubiaceae. The flowers are white and very fragrant. Plants are also known by the name of Gardenia jasminoides binomial which means "like jasmine," although nothing to do with clan Jasminum (Jasmine).
In Bali, the plant is known by the name of the mascot Jempiring and interest Denpasar.

Gardenia an upright shrub with a height of 1-2 m. The stem is woody, branched, young twigs wax coated, with brownish-green color.

Benefits.

This flower is a commodity cut flowers, used in bouquets and corsages. The leaves can be used as a remedy thrush and roots as a remedy toothache.
Fruit contains crocin (one kind karotenoida), bright yellow as found in saffron. Dried fruit is a coloring agent. In Japan, the dyes of gardenia used for dyeing textiles and dyes traditional cakes (wagashi) and pickled radish (takuan).

Benefits gardenia plants.

Gardenia originated from China and Japan. Can be found as an ornamental plant in pakarangan in mountainous areas with an altitude of 400 m above sea level and only bear fruit if an elevation of about 3,000 feet above sea level.

Upright shrub with a height of 1-2 m has a round rod woody, branched, young twigs, and leaves waxed. Located opposite leaves or rocky three, thick and smooth as the skin, short-stemmed elliptical or ovoid shape breech, the tip and the base tapering, flat edge, upper surface shiny, 4.5 to 13 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, green color old. Single flower, short-stemmed, white color, out of the top branches, smells wonderful. Fruit ovoid shape, thin skin, containing a yellow pigment, and berbji much.

In China, the flowers are used as a flavor enhancer in tea leaves. The fruit is edible and can be used as a yellow dye in foods (such as turmeric). Propagation by seed, transplant, or stem cuttings.

The nature and efficacy.

Gardenia fruit taste bitter, cold nature, with affinity to the meridian of the heart, liver, lung, stomach, and Sanjiao. Gardenia fruit serves as a heat and flame cleaning, cooling blood, removing toxins, and eliminate moisture. Efficacy gardenia fruit is improving liver function and soothe emotions (sedative), malancarkan flow of bile into the intestine (kolagoga), anti-inflammatory (antiflogistik), antibiotics, fever reliever (anti-pyretic), sputum, laxative urine (diuretic), blood conditioning, bidders toxins (detoksikan), stop bleeding (hemostasis), and destroys blood clots. Potent hepatoprotective gardenia fruit extract, which protects the liver from damage caused by toxins.

Roots and flowers efficacious laxative menstruation. Flowers efficacious hemostasis, tranquilizers (sedatives), and a laxative urine (diuretic).

Chemical Ingredients

Fruits contain essential oils, gardenin, gardenosid, geniposid, genipin1-D gentiobioside, gardoside (8.10 dehydrologanin), scandoside menthyl esters, glikosid, sitosterol, mannitol, nonacosane, krosetin, krosin, klorogenin, tannin, and dextrose. Gardenin is golden yellow chloroform, soluble in alcohol and chloroform. Rind contains ursolic acid. The leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils.

Parts used.

Parts of the plant are used as medicine is ripe fruit (zhi zi) and roots. The leaves and flowers are also used as medicine. Fruit picked after cooking, then steamed or boiled briefly before being dried for storage. The fruit can be used fresh or after drying. The leaves are picked throughout the year. Once washed, then dry in the sun to dry.

indication

Gardenia fruit used to treat:

* Diseases with fever which give high fever, irritability, delirium, impaired consciousness,
* Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), jaundice (jaundice) accompanied fever, no appetite, urine slightly (oliguria), and urinary pain (dysuria),
* Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bladder (cystitis),
* Inflammation of the breast (mastitis),
* Bleeding from hot blood like vomiting blood (hematemesis), blood urine (hematuria), dysentery, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), nosebleeds (epistaxis),
* Sleep disorders (insomnia),
* Sore throat, mouth sores, toothache,
* Dysentery, snake bites,
* Eyes swelling and pain (acute conjungtivitis), and
* High blood pressure (hypertension).

Gardenia leaves used to treat:

* Fever,
* Shortness of breath,
* High blood pressure (hypertension), and
* Sprue (mouthwash).

How to Use

For drugs taken, using 30-60 g of root or 3-9 g of fruit, then boiled and drinking water

For external use only, minced fresh gardenia fruit until smooth, then add the egg white or white wine. Next, attach the parts of the body, such as bruises, sprains, inflammation of the skin (boils, abscesses, ulcers, snake pox / shingles), burned, scalded, and toothache. Pasta gardenia finely ground herbs and mixed with flour and white wine is very effective for the treatment traima in tendons, ligaments, joints, and muscles. In Vietnam, gardenia is used to treat disorders of the eye to resolve.

Effects Farmokogis and Research.

Studies in rats and rabbits prove efficacious kolagoga gardenia fruit and choleretic.

Extra ethanol gardenia fruit aktivitar spontaneous decrease in animals that indicate a sedative effect. Besides, it also has antipyretic properties.

Cooking water or ethanol extract of gardenia fruit exhibit hypotensive effects in animal experiments.

Gardenia fruit decoction is also efficacious antibacterial and in vitro inhibit the activity of a wide variety of skin fungus. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: 18 November 2014 at 16:06

Tag : Did you know gardenia tree.

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About Avocados.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill / Persea gratissima Gaerth)

Brief History.

Avocado is a fruit crop plants a tree with the name alpuket (West Java), avocado (East Java / Central Java), boah pokat, Jamboo pokat (Batak), advocates, Jamboo butter, Jamboo pooan, pookat (Lampung) and others. Avocado plants derived from lowland / Central America and the expected high into Indonesia in the 18th century. Officially between years 1920-1930 Indonesia had introduced 20 varieties of avocados from Central America and the United States to obtain improved varieties in order to improve health and nutrition, especially in the highlands.

Type Plants.

Complete classification avocado plants are as follows:
Division: Spermatophyta
Children division: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledoneae
Nation: Ranales
Family: Lauraceae
Highways: Persea
Varieties: Persea americana Mill

Based on the ecological nature, avocado plant consists of three types of offspring / race, namely :

Race Mexico.

Hailing from the highlands of Mexico and Ecuador semi tropical climate with an altitude between 2400-2800 m asl. This race has leaves and fruit that smells of fennel. Flowering period until the fruit can be harvested approximately 6 months. Small fruit weighing 100-225 grams, ellipse shape (oval), short-stemmed, thin and smooth skin. Large seed meets the fruit cavity. Fruit flesh has an oil content / fat highest. This race is resistant to cold temperatures.

Race Guatemala.

Hailing from the highlands of Central America sub-tropical climate with an altitude of about 800-2400 m above sea level. This race is less resistant to cold temperatures (tolerance to -4.5 degrees C). Leaves no smell of fennel. The fruit has a considerable size, weighing between 200-2300 grams, thick rind, hard, easily broken and rough (berbintil-nodule). Ripe fruit between 9-12 months after flowering. The seeds are relatively small and tightly stuck in the cavity, with the seed coat attached. Fruit pulp has a medium oil content.

Race West Indies.

Derived from lowland Central America and South America tropical, with an altitude below 800 m asl. This variety is very sensitive to low temperatures, with a tolerance of up to minus 2 degrees C. The leaves no smell of anise, leaves a lighter color than the other races. The fruit is large, weighing between 400-2300 grams, short stalks, somewhat tough rind smooth and thick. Ripe fruit 6-9 months after flowering. Large seeds and often loose in the cavity, coarse grain pieces. Oil content and flesh lowest.

Avocado varieties in Indonesia can be classified into two, namely:

yielding varieties.

Superior properties include high production, tolerant to pests and diseases, uniform fruit oval and medium-sized, good quality fruit flesh and not fibrous, small drupe attached to the seed cavity, as well as fruit skin slippery. As of the date of January 14, 1987, the Minister of Agriculture has set two superior varieties of avocado, avocado green is long and green circular. The properties of both varieties, among others:

a. Tree height: 5-8 m long green avocado, avocado green round 6-8 m.
b. The shape of the leaves: green avocado long elliptical with flat edge, avocado green round round long with wavy edges.
c. Fruitful: avocado green continuous length, depending on the location and soil fertility, avocado green round constantly, depending on the location and soil fertility.
d. Fruit weight: 0.3-0.5 kg long green avocado, avocado green round 0.3-0.4 kg.
e. Fruit shape: long green avocado pear shape (pyriform), avocado green oval round (oblong).
f. Fruit flavors: avocado green long-tasty, savory, somewhat soft, round green avocado delicious, savory, somewhat dry.
g. Diameter of fruit: avocado green 6.5-10 cm long (average 8 cm), avocado green round 7.5 cm.
h. Fruit length: long green avocado 11.5 to 18 cm (average 14 cm), avocado green round 9 cm.
i. Results: long green avocado 40-80 kg / tree / year (average 50 kg), avocado green round 20-60 kg / tree / year (average 30 kg).

Other varieties.

This is a group of avocado varieties of germplasm Installation Research and Technology Assessment, Tlekung, Malang. Some varieties of avocado are contained in the experimental garden Tlekung, Malang is long red avocado, red round, dickson, butler, winslowson, Benik, puebla, furete, Collinson, waldin, Ganter, mexcola, duke, ryan, Leucadia, queen and edranol.

Benefits of Plants.

Parts of the avocado plant is widely used as a food fruit fresh fruit. In addition, the use of meat usual avocado European society is used as a food ingredient that is processed in a variety of cuisines. Another benefit of the flesh of an avocado is for cosmetic ingredients.

Other parts that can be used is the young leaves as traditional medicine (medicine kidney stones, arthritis).

Planting Center.

Avocado-producing countries on a large scale is the United States (Florida, California, Hawaii), Australia, Cuba, Argentina, and South Africa. From year to year, Americans have constantly increased avocado orchard.

In Indonesia, avocado crop is still the garden plants, has not been cultivated in scale farming. Avocado producing areas are West Java, East Java, parts of Sumatra, South Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara.

Term Growth.

1. Climate.

Wind required by avocado plants, especially for the pollination process. However, winds of 62.4 to 73.6 km / h may be able to break twigs and stems of plants belonging avocado soft, brittle and easily broken.
The minimum for growth rainfall is 750-1000 mm / year. West Indies and cross-bred races thrive in lowland tropical climate with rainfall of 2500 mm / year. For areas with rainfall less than the minimum requirement (2-6 dry months), avocado plants can still grow origin of ground water depth up to 2 m.
The need sunlight for growth avocado range 40-80%. Mexico and Guatemala to race more resistant to cold weather and dry climate, when compared with the West Indies race.
The optimal temperature for growth ranging from 12.8 to 28.3 degrees avocado C, Given the avocado plant can be grown in the lowlands to highlands, avocado plants can tolerate temperatures between 15-30 degrees C or more. The amount of avocado plants cardinal temperature dependent races respectively, among others, the Mexican race has a tolerance to -7 degrees C, Guatemala to -4.5 degrees C, and the West Indies to 2 degrees C.

2. Growing Media.

Avocado plants that grow optimally need loose soil, not easily waterlogged, (drainage / water disposal well), fertile and high in organic matter.
The type of soil is good for growing avocado is sandy loam soil types (sandy loam), clay loam (clay loam) and clay sediments (alluvial loam).
The acidity of the soil is good for growing avocado ranged slightly acidic to neutral pH, (5.6 to 6.4). When the pH is below 5.5 the plant will suffer from poisoning because the elements Al, Mg, and Fe dissolved in considerable amounts. In contrast to the above pH 6.5 several functional elements such as Fe, Mg, and Zn will be reduced.

3. Altitude.

In general, avocado plant can be grown in the lowlands to highlands, ie 5-1500 m asl. However, these plants will thrive with satisfactory results at an altitude of 200-1000 m above sea level. For race avocado plants Mexico and Guatemala is more suitable to be planted in an area with an altitude of 1000-2000 m., While the West Indies race at altitude 5-1000 m asl.

Cultivation Guidelines.

1. Breeding

1) Requirements Seeds

Good seed among others derived from

a) The fruit is quite old.

b) The fruit does not fall until rupture.

c) Procurement of more than one type of seed to ensure the possibility of cross pollination.

2) Preparation of Seed.

Until now only be obtained avocado seed generative (via seeds) and vegetative (grafting shoots / graft and splicing eye / grafting).
Of the three ways that seeds obtained from the seeds is less favorable for long fruiting plants (6-8 years) and there is the possibility of different fruit produced by the parent. While the results of grafting and graft seedlings faster fruiting (1-4 years) and fruit which have acquired the same properties as its parent.

3) Seed Seeding Technique.

a) Connection of shoots (graft)
The main tree is used to graft are plants that have been aged 6-7 months / may also 1-year-old, plants derived from seeds from the fruit that was old and cook, height 30 cm / less, and that is important in the base network yet woody stems. As a branch of the limb joints used young and approximately 0.7 cm in diameter. The Wicker oblique cut in accordance with the existing gap in the trees along the principal approximately 10 cm, and then inserted into a tree beside the principal parts are fastened / bandaged. Good material for binding are rubber bands, plastic, raffia / waxy cloth. We recommend switching on the subject tree made as low as possible so as not to be able to bud on staple crops. Graft-graft which has been spliced put in the shade, not windy, and humid. Every day the plants watered, and to prevent disease should plants sprayed fungicide. In the dry season the white mite pests often attack, for it should be prevented by spray kelthane. Seeds usually can be moved into the garden after 9-16 months of age, and their removal is done at the start of the rainy season

b) Connection of the eye (grafting)
Grafting seedling production is carried out at the base of the tree aged 8-10 months. As the eye to be drawn from the branches were grafted healthy, with the age of 1 year, and his eyes looked clear. The best time to stick to that at the time of seedling bark is removed from the timber. The trick is bark slashed staple length of 10 cm and a width of 8 mm. The skin is removed from the timber and pulled down and cut into 6 cm. Furthermore slashed an eye with a little timber of eye branch (enthout), the wood is released slowly without damaging the eye. Skin eyed inserted between the leather and wood that has been slashed in the subject tree and closed again, the record should not be closed eyes. Finally the dressing entirely with plastic tape. If within 3-5 days of his eyes still green, the attachment successfully.

The next 10-15 days after attachment, plastic rope opened. Principal tree trunks are cut transversely as deep as half its diameter, approximately 5-7.5 cm above the graft, and the eye is curved so that growth can be faster. Once the rod out of the eye reaches a height of 1 m, then the curved part of the principal trees are cut just above the grafting and wound flattened, then covered with paraffin that has been thawed. The grafting of trees can be moved to the garden after the age of 8-12 months and the removal of the most well is at the beginning of the rainy season. In vegetative propagation to note is to maintain high humidity in order to stay (+ 80%) and air temperature at the connection should not be too high (between 15-25 ° C). It also should not be done in the season of heavy rain and too much direct sunlight. Seeds in the form of the connection needs to be watered regularly and fertilized 2 weeks. Fertilization can be concurrent with watering, ie by dissolving 1-1.5 grams of urea / NPK into 1 liter of water. Foliar fertilizers can also be supplied with the recommended dose in the packaging. While the control of pests and diseases is done only when necessary.

Media Processing Plant.

Land for avocado plants should be done well; must be cleared of trees, shrubs, plants sign stumps, and rocks are intrusive. Furthermore, land in or on the hoe, hoe and smooth 2-3 times. Execution of land should be done in the dry season planting which can then be performed at the beginning or during the rainy season.

Planting Technique.

1) Planting Pattern.
The pattern should be done planting avocado combination of different variations. It is given that most varieties of avocado plant can not pollinate themselves, except varieties which have long green flower type A. There are two types of flowers of some varieties of avocado in Indonesia, namely type A and type B. The varieties are classified as type A flower is green long, green round, long red, red round, waldin, butler, benuk, dickinson, puebla, taft, and hass. While classified as type B is Collinson, itszamma, winslowsaon, fuerte, lyon, Nabal, Ganter, and queen. Cross-pollination occurs only between the two types of flowers. Therefore, planting avocado in a land should be combined between varieties with flower type A and type B flower that blooms each pollinate each other.

2) Hole Making Plant.
a) Soil excavated with a length, width, and height of 75 cm respectively. The hole left open for about 2 weeks.
b) Land of the top and bottom separated.
c) the planting hole covered with its original position. First upper soil mixed with 20 kg of manure before it is inserted into the hole.
d) the planting hole that had been closed again pegged to move considering the location of the planting hole.

3) How to planting.
Proper planting time is at the beginning of the rainy season and the existing soil in the planting hole is no longer decreased. The thing to note is the existing soil in the planting hole should be higher than the surrounding soil. This is to avoid stagnant water when flushing his or rain.

Steps planting is as follows:
a) the planting hole is closed, dug again the size of the container seedlings.
b) Seeds are removed from the basket or polybag with slashed in order to remain intact soil clods.
c) seeds were still clumped together with land included in stem neck-high hole, then backfilled and tied to a stake.
d) Each seed should be given shade to avoid direct sunlight, wind, and rain shower. The shade is made oblique with a high portion to the east. This shade serves to grow new shoots or approximately 2-3 weeks.

4. Plant Maintenance.
1) Weeding
Weeds grow around the plant because in that place there are many nutrients. In addition to a rival in obtaining food, weed is also a breeding place of pests and diseases. Therefore, so that plants can grow well, the weeds must be weeded (repealed) regularly.

2) tilling the soil.
Soil watered every day of course will be more solid and getting a little air in it. As a result, the plant roots can not absorb nutrients freely. To avoid this, the soil around the plants should be made with caution loose so that the roots are not severed.

3) Watering.
Newly planted seedlings need a lot of water, so watering should be done every day. The right time for watering is early morning / afternoon, and when the rains do not need to be watered again.

4) Pruning Plants.
Pruning is only done on the branches that grow too tight or dead branches. Pruning is done carefully in order to avoid pruning wounds from infection and pruning wounds should be given fungicide / cover wounds.

5) Fertilization.
In the avocado crop cultivation required a good program and regular fertilization. Given the avocado plant root system, especially the roots of his hair, only slightly less extensive and growing the fertilizer should be given rather frequently with small doses. The amount of fertilizer applied depending on the age of the plant. When the annual fertilization program using urea (45% N), TSP (50% P), and KCl (60% K) then to plant a young age (1-4 years) given urea, TSP, and KCl respectively as 0 , 27 to 1.1 kg / tree, 0.5-1 kg / tree and from 0.2 to .83 kg / tree. For crop production life (5 years) is given urea, TSP, and KCl respectively as much as 2.22 to 3.55 kg / tree, 3.2 kg / tree, and 4 kg / tree. Fertilizer should be given four times a year.

Given the avocado plant has little hair roots, then the fertilizer should be placed as close as possible to the roots. How to embed the fertilizer into the hole depth of 30-40 cm, where the hole is made just below the edge of the plant canopy, encircling the plant. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/11/about-avocados.html
DatePublished: 18 November 2014 at 15:06

Tag : About Avocados.

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Lowland Longan characteristics.

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Are included in the family Sapindaceae close relatives with lychee and rambutan is a subtropical plant that has been known 2000 years ago. Its origin of the South China region and utilization over the medicinal properties, not as a table fruit, the fruit is known as the Dragon Eye. Of South China, the plant is then developed into areas of Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In Indonesia litchi grows well in areas with altitudes between 300-900 m above sea level. Longan require cold temperatures to stimulate flowering is between 5-22 ° C. According to a researcher that the distribution of litchi cultivation dominant plateau in Java, namely in the area of Salatiga, Ambarawa, Waterford, Mixed, and Magelang. Most of the area has a subtropical rainfall pattern as in Ambarawa, Salatiga, and Mixed. Because it requires such a requirement grows, litchi development in Indonesia is limited only in certain areas. In addition, generally litchi plateau have early production is between 5-8 years old so its development into other areas rather slow.

Growing Conditions.

Compared plateau longan, litchi lowland no special requirements for growth. Longan lowlands can be planted in areas with an altitude of 0-400 m above sea level and does not require extreme temperature differences in order to bloom. Longan lowland especially Pingpong can be grown in almost any type of soil due to the high adaptability. Especially for Itoh, because it is basically a subtropical plant that requires little special treatment.

Varieties.

Varieties that have been cultivated in Indonesia is Pingpong, Diamond River, Itoh, and Selarong (derived from the highlands). Each variety has different characteristics.

Pingpong.

Named longan Pingpong, because under normal conditions the fruit produced is able to reach the size of a ping-pong ball.

Characteristics: Fruit reddish when young and gradually become yellow brown to light brown when ripe ahead, the maximum size of a ping-pong ball. Sweet fruit flavors, reaching 20º Brix levels, average fruit flesh wet, high water levels and large seeds.

Diamond River.

Characteristics: Heading compact and dense, branching is more easily formed, green leaves, erect, yellowish-white flowers and is formed at the end of branching, brownish-yellow fruit fruit size is smaller than the Pingpong sweet fruit flavors and high water content.

Itoh.

Characteristics: Heading dense, sturdy, and compact green leaves with wavy edges, similar to Diamond River but not upright but fell. Longer leaf size. Yellowish-white flowers fruit the size of a Diamond River but the taste is sweet, dried fruit and thick flesh and small seeds.

Selarong

Longan longan varieties originally a native Selarong Bandungan have adapted in low-lying areas and then released into the new varieties in 1998. Litchi Selarong mainly found in the area Selarong Displays District of Bantul Yogyakarta. Characteristics: lush tree canopy and compact. The leaves are green and shiny. Brownish yellow flowers and generally appear once a year in November-December and harvested in June-July. Flowers are formed at the ends of branches branching and especially in sunlight, therefore care and pruning should be done in order to obtain maximum results. Fruits are round brown-yellowish. White flesh, chewy, fragrant and sweet.

Flowering and fruiting patterns.

Longan lowland introduced from Thailand and Vietnam, including early-maturing crops. Seeds of graft Pingpong and Diamond River average flowering under the age of one year while the seeds begin flowering at the age of 2 years. Especially for Itoh, with fertilizer treatment can be flowering at the age of 2 years. Unlike the case with the introduction of litchi, longan Selarong a long flowering age is about 2-3 years and 6-7 years of grafts from seed. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/11/lowland-longan-characteristics.html
DatePublished: 18 November 2014 at 10:24

Tag : Lowland Longan characteristics.

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Ebola virus.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a human disease caused by the Ebola virus. Symptoms usually begin two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, the presence of fever, sore throat, muscle aches, and headache. Usually followed by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as liver and kidney function decline. At that time, some people began experiencing bleeding problems.

Causes and diagnosis. 

The virus may be obtained through contact with blood or body fluids of an infected animal (usually a monkey or bat). The spread through the air has never been recorded in the natural environment. Fruit bats are believed to be able to carry and spread the virus without contracting. Once an infection in humans, the disease can spread to people. Men who survived the disease can spread through sperm for nearly two months. To make a diagnosis, usually other diseases with similar symptoms, such as malaria, cholera and other viral hemorrhagic fever should be excluded first. To confirm the diagnosis, blood samples were tested for viral antibodies, RNA virus, or the virus itself.

Prevention. 

Prevention includes efforts to reduce the spread of disease from infected monkeys and pigs to humans. This can be done by checking the animals against infection, as well as kill and dispose of animals with true if the disease is found. Cooking meat properly and wear protective clothing when meat processing may also be useful, as well as wearing protective clothing and wash hands when around people who suffer from the disease. Samples of fluid and tissue of patients with the disease should be treated with extreme caution.
There is no specific treatment for this disease, efforts to help those affected include the provision of oral rehydration therapy (water that is slightly sweet and salty to drink) or intravenous fluids. This disease has a high mortality rate: often killed between 50% to 90% of people infected with the virus. EVD was first identified in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease is usually endemic in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1976 (when it was first identified) until 2013, less than 1,000 people per year have been infected. Largest outbreak to date is the 2014 Ebola outbreak of West Africa is going on, and struck Guyana, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria possibilities. As of August 2014, more than 1600 cases have been identified. Efforts are underway to develop a vaccine, but have not produced results.

Deadly Ebola virus: 

A scourge of the deadly Ebola virus's citizens. The virus is highly lethal and until now there is no medicine that can cure it. Even the doctors and nurses had to use extra protection for clothing and all medical devices that are not contracted Ebola victims. The virus is spread in Africa. Whether to go to Indonesia? No one knows. However, the government has issued a travel warning for pilgrims and also people who will be traveling to Africa and Arabia.

Definition and History of Ebola virus. 

Definition of Ebola virus is one type of virus derived from genes Ebolavirus and including the family of Filoviridae. Also known by EBV and EBOV. Based on data from the WHO UN news more than 1600 people living in countries of Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone have been infected with the outbreak. More than half of the patients with this disease die and the opportunity to recover until today only 0%.

History of the Ebola virus was first discovered searches in 1976. Allegedly the victim died from eating meat infected with a gorilla. However, this hypothesis is not proven by the refutation should apes and gorillas more dead. Then, scientists stated that the cause is the bats based research 276 bats were captured in Bangladesh.

Distribution patterns are apes and humans eat the fruit that had been exposed to saliva bat or even just a touch of fruit and objects that already exist bat saliva.

The characteristics of Ebola virus. 

Until now there are 4 types of viruses. That attack humans there are 3 that Ebola Zaire, Ivory Coast and Sudan. While one other type only transmitted to primates, namely Ebola Reston. Characteristics and shape can be seen in the picture below.

Cause and Transmission of Ebola virus. 

The process of transmission, causing the victim to suffer the Ebola virus is very simple.

Just simply by physical contact. Good contact with sweat, saliva, and other bodily fluids.
By touching and or eat fruit that has been touched by the victim.
Myth in infected countries, just say the word then it could be infected with Ebola.

But there is no evidence that this virus is able to transmit through the air media such as influenza. The most at risk are first neighbors, friends, relatives, families of victims. Both the medical personnel treating patients.

Patients with symptoms of Ebola virus. 

The initial symptoms are suffered dizziness, pain, fever. Next comes a rash on her body and then followed by diarrhea and vomiting as usual. This process occurs for 8 to 10 days. The next critical phase is half the patients experienced vomiting blood urine or blood.

Why ebola can be deadly? 

The culmination of a series of symptoms above ebola virus are blood vessels secrete many body fluids. The effect of blood pressure dropped dramatically so that all vital organs such as heart, liver, kidney, brain stops working.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com 
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno. 
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/11/ebola-virus.html
DatePublished: 17 November 2014 at 15:38

Tag : Ebola virus.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW