Prayer conqueror of Mexico.

He is the conqueror of Mexico.

Hernán Cortés (1485-2 December 1547) (known as Hernando or Fernando Cortés during his lifetime and signed his letters with the name of Fernan Cortes) is a conquistador who conquered Mexico for Spain.

From a small noble family, born Heniando Cortes (1485-1547) in 1485 in Medellin, Spain. What is so special? He is the conqueror of Mexico. In the future this young conqueror will study at the University of Salamanca, in the science of law. At the age of nineteen he left Spain for profit on the fate of the western continent recently discovered. In 1504 he arrived in Spain, lived there as an honest farmer and "Don Yuan" local size.

Journey of Life.

In 1511 he participated in the conquest of the Spaniards against Cuba. After this adventure, he married the governor to act in real Cuba, Diego Velázquez and was appointed mayor of Santiago.

In 1518 Velázquez became captain chose Cortes expedition to Mexico. Governor, ambition wants Cortes immediately cancel his order, but the movement was too late to stop Cortes. With 11 ships, 110 sailors, 553 soldiers (even with only 13 weapons and 32 arches, 10 heavy guns, 4 guns and 16 light ponytail), Cortés sailed in February 1519. The expedition landed on Friday when the anniversary of the crucifixion of Jesus in suburbs now called Veracruz. Cortes lived near the beach for a while, gather all the information about the description of Mexico. You probably know, the people who ruled the Aztecs of Mexico have large capital are in the interior, have expensive precious metal deposits, and hated by other native tribes under his control.

Cortes who already have a unanimous decision in the forward wants to occupy the land of the Aztecs. The most soldiers gripped by fear facing such a large number of opponents to be faced. Seeing that he could not be profitable before moving Cortes expedition that destroyed the fleet soldiers had no choice, advanced or discharged clear dead Indian.

Once entered, Spain tough resistance tlaxcalteca Indian tribe, the Indians faced a stand-alone Internet. But after his men were defeated by the Spanish in the shootout terrible and long duration, tlaxcaltecas made the decision to join the Aztecs hated the Cortes face. Cortes continued movement towards Cholula, the residence of the Aztec emperor Montezuma II, prepare to plan a surprise attack face Spain. But because Cortes had got first information about the intentions of India, attacked him first and made a great slaughter of thousands in Cholula. After the crush, he continued toward the capital of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), and November 8, 1519 entered and occupied the city without resistance. Montezuma was jailed and later received his wrist. From this point of view it seems to work and complete the conquest is complete.

However, another Spanish troops under the command of Panfilo de Narvaez landed with a warrant of Cortez. Cortes leaving most troops in Tenochtitlan and took the rest of his forces rushed back to shore. There can tear strength and combine the remaining persuaded Narvaez. But for now he was able to return to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs were left to too limited. The July 30, 1520 uprising broke out in Tenochtitlan and Spanish troops suffered heavy losses retreated to Tlaxcala. But Cortez could get more troops and in the following May it was again hit Tenochtitlan. The city fell stretcher August 13. After the occupation of Spain in Mexico Cortes sure, though arguably still have to do the cleaning area conquered in the surrounding rural areas. Tenochtitlan was rebuilt and given a new nickname "New Mexico" and became the capital of the new Spanish colony.

Given the early weakness when Cortes brought the expedition, the conquest of a country with a population of over five million is really an achievement remarkable military victory. The only conquest of the country in which both occurred only in Peru Francisco Pizarro. It has become a common, if people ask how and why it could happen Cortes.

In fact, horses and firearms that had a factor. However, calculated from the amount which is not great very comparable to the results obtained success. (It should be noted, the two previous Spanish expedition nothing worked settle and make permanent conquest). Of course, leadership is inherent in the Cortes, courage and determination the company is an important cause of success. Another factor is no less important diplomatic finesse. Cortés avoid not only encourage the Indians united against him, but he managed to convince a number of Indians joining him face to Aztec.

Cortés was also attended by the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl fable. According to Indian fairy tale, this god had orders to kill the Indians in agriculture, mining and government. Great god is white and high key thick. Having promised to revisit the Indians, he went through a "sea of ​​the Orient" in the Gulf of Mexico. Montezuma regulate not only the god Cortés back and this is clearly reflected in their behavior. By itself, the Spanish colonizers reaction Montezuma face weak and did not have standing.

The last factor of success is constancy of religion Spain. Makes us, of course, Parliament can not attack an act of aggression did not apologize. Profanity without manners. Instead Cortes. He considers what he does and thinks he could be morally justified. He can say and do what the soldiers so earnestly that they would win because they are in the right and in their struggle under the banner of the Cross. Cortes motivation is sincere and innocent. Not once or twice risking the success of the expedition to the risk of a dangerous experiment without cost-benefit calculation to convert the Indians.

Although Cortes ace diplomat in negotiations with India, which is not always successful in a political struggle with his opponents from Spain. King of Spain gave him the land that made them all rich and noble made but changed his position as governor of Mexico. Cortes returned to Spain in 1540 and spent the rest of his Living the Seven Years Make proposals to the king so that the king delighted to regain his position in "New Spain". This effort is in vain. When Cortés close the life cycle of 1,547 years near Serville, Spain, the rich, but is plagued with some failures. Extensive plantations in Mexico transmitted to their children.

That Cortes got greedy and ambitious nature, it is not a secret. Admirers who knew him closely describes as cruel, vain, casual, and fenders lover damage. But it coincided with the courts also have a remarkable character: brave, dignified and intelligent. Generally unpleasant character. Although a strong military leader, who was not malignant without reason. Differences related to the meeting Pizarro, Cortes generally hating Indians and tried to govern with politics and not with an iron fist. Faced - Cortes handsome and charming corner just always coveted her looks.

Cortes said in his will that he was not really sure whether these measures are justified enslaving Indians. This question makes it difficult and ask your children to consider it carefully. In his time, wide stance is very strange. People can not imagine going to Francisco Pizarro (or Columbus) deal with such problems. As a result, people have the impression that Cortés is the most civilized of all Conqueror (Conqueror) Spain.

Cortez and Pizarro was born in the village fifty miles of chance and probability ten years. The success of both of them (which seems to have a family relationship), each impressive.

Both areas are basically conquered the size of the continent, and the influence of both languages, religions, cultures. Almost all the conquered regions, political power remains to this day in the hands of European descent.

Combined with the effect of Cortez Pizarro slightly larger than Simon Bolivar. They turned their conquest of political power in the hands of South India in the hands of European Americans. While only the conquest of Bolivar managed to transfer political power from the hands of the Spaniards in the hands of European descent born in South America.

I just wanted to put the superior court in the order listed in this book as Pizarro's conquest came first and provide inspiration for Pizarro. In addition, the Indian resistance have not stopped when Pizarro died when Cortes conquered Mexico is nearing completion. But I think things like that a little bit out of balance with other considerations. Spanish conquest of passion and excess weapons is clearly a threat to both the Aztecs and Incas. Peru, protected by mountains have a good chance of survival while maintaining their independence. Pizarro courage and successful attacks have changed the course of history in a very real sense.

But not Aztecs and the mountainous region of Peru. Moreover, the border with Mexico (unlike Peru), located in the Atlantic Ocean, it is easier for Spanish troops. Therefore, it seems that the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish were far more likely and easier.

But, of course Cortes courage and leadership greatly help speed up the process of conquest. So, thank you for reading this article. 

Written and published by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

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Date Published : April 5, 2014 at 21:20

Tag : Hernán Cortés.

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Silver Arrows.

Mercedes GP Practice Session 1-2 in Bahrain .

Mercedes shows signs of continued dominance in the Bahrain Grand Prix .
In the two practice sessions yesterday ( 4/4 ) , Silver Arrows always be the fastest .

In the first session , when the exercise was held during the day , Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was fastest .
His teammate , Nico Rosberg , followed in second place . When the second training session was held , the same story repeated. First Hamilton , Rosberg second , when track conditions while the second practice session much cooler because it was night .
It was the first time Formula1 cars drove on the Bahrain circuit in the light .
Hamilton was fastest in the second session with a time of 1 minute 34.325 seconds , 0.365 seconds ahead of him Rosberg .
The third fastest Ferrari driver Fernando Alonso with a deficit of 1.035 seconds .
See Alonso gap is so far from the Mercedes duo , Hamilton and Rosberg will most likely win easily like in Malaysia .
The teams are using the Mercedes engine is not fast enough to compete with Hamilton and Rosberg .
Felipe Massa of Williams - Mercedes with a fifth fastest 1.117 seconds adrift of Hamilton . Jenson Button ( McLaren - Mercedes ) who will undergo the race to the sixth - fastest 250 1.203 seconds adrift of Hamilton .
While Daniel Ricciardo is the fourth fastest of the Red Bull - Renault . Unfortunately, the potential to compete in the event the reduced front row because he will undergo a ten- position penalty for unsafe release to start the race in Malaysia .
At that time , his left front tire was not attached properly at the pit stop . In the practice session had been a minor incident when the new Alonso pit exit .
The combination of the tires mounted on the car wrong . Three of them use the medium , while only the left front tire wear soft .
After realizing the error, Alonso was forced to stop and pushed backwards into the garage by the mechanic to replace the tire .

Results Second Practice Session .
( Big Ten ) .
1 . Lewis Hamilton , Mercedes                        1 minute 34.325 seconds .
2 . Nico Rosberg , Mercedes                                                 +0.365
3 . Fernando Alonso , Ferrari                                                 +1.035
4 . Daniel Ricciardo , Red Bull - Renault                                +1.108
5 . Felipe Massa , Williams - Mercedes                                  +1.117
6 . Jenson Button , the McLaren - Mercedes                            +1.203
7 . Sebastian Vettel , Red - Bull - Renault                               +1.281
8 . Daniil Kvyat , Toro Rosso - Renault                                  +1.315
9 . Kevin Magnussen , McLaren - Mercedes                            +1.337
10 . Sergio Perez , Force India - Mercedes                              +1.477
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
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DatePublished : April 05, 2014 at 19.44

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Fatwa Council of Ulama Indonesia.

Fill MUI Fatwa On Mandatory to Vote. 

(MUI: Abstentions Including Deeds Sin).

Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issued a fatwa that was already obliges Muslims in Indonesia to use their right to vote in the Legislative and Presidential Elections. The fatwa was decided in 2009, ago.

MUI chairman KH Amidhan also states that Muslims who do not go to the polls was as good as committing sin. According to Amidhan, the election also will indirectly determine the fate of Muslims in Indonesia.

Fatwa on compulsory to vote in the election were decided through astral conjunction 'Ulama Fatwa Commission Third Se-Indonesia 2009. A copy of the fatwa has also been published in a book titled "MUI Fatwa Association Since 1975" published by McGraw.

The following contents shall select a fatwa on the election made by the MUI, as quoted from Republika.co.id:

 Using Voting Rights in the General Election. 

1. General Election in the Islamic view is an attempt to choose a leader or representative who meets the conditions ideal for the realization of our goals in accordance with the aspirations of the people and the interests of the nation.

2. Choosing a leader in Islam is an obligation to uphold the Imamate and Imarah in life together.

3. Imamate and the Islamic Emirate really require in accordance with the terms of the provisions in order to realize the benefit of society.

4. Choose leaders who believe and fear Allah, to be honest (siddiq), reliable (trustworthy), active and aspirational (sermons), has the ability (fathonah), and the interests of Muslim law is mandatory.

 5. Choosing a leader who does not fulfill the requirements as mentioned in point 4 (four) or did not vote at all when there is a qualified candidate law is illegitimate.

Recommendation. 

a. Muslims are encouraged to choose their leaders and their representatives that the task of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil.

 b. Government and election organizers need to improve socialization election in order to increase community participation, so that the rights of the community are met.

Fatwa on compulsory to vote in the election set out in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra, January 26, 2009, ago. Therefore, MUI was again reminded that Muslims in Indonesia not Abstentions.

MUI: Abstentions Including Deeds Sin?????? 

Ahead of the general election (election) legislative and presidential elections in 2014, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) again reminded that Muslims want to exercise their voting rights. This was disclosed by the Chairman of the MUI KH Amidhan Shaberah.
Amidhan said that MUI had issued a fatwa that obliges the Muslims to follow the election. For those who do not go to the polls or Abstentions (white group), then they have committed a sin.
 "Abstentions including sin because existing MUI fatwa mandating use their right to vote in elections. Who does not work on the case shall mean innocent, "said Amidhan, as quoted from Republika.co.id, Friday (02/28/2014).
Amidhan explained that the election is a program to improve the lot of the nation and also the fate of Muslims. Therefore, according to Amidhan, Muslims are obliged to follow the election is made for goodness.
 "For Muslims who do not move or do anything to fight for the interests of Muslims, then it includes a sin," said Amidhan.
MUI fatwa that obliges the Muslims to follow the election was actually the result ijtima 'Ulama Fatwa Commission in Indonesia third in Padang Panjang, Padang, West Sumatra. Fatwa mandatory election was set in the year 2009.
Because the purpose of the election is made for good purposes, then the MUI suggested that all Muslims want to give their voting rights. MUI hope that the Muslim community could choose good leaders for the future of Indonesia.
Just info, plans the General Election Commission (KPU) will implement the legislative elections on 9 April 2014, next. As for the selection of candidates for president and vice president will be held on July 9, 2014.

The opponents of the MUI fatwa speeches. 

Based on Democracy, Elections Following Haram. 

Contrary to Islamic law, Muslims should not follow the democratic party in the event of a general election (election). This was conveyed by Ustadz Abu Sifa 'Mustaqim. The MA in Islamic Leadership Training at Meeting House Markaz Al Islam Foundation Ausath Blora, Blora, Central Java, on Tuesday (25/03/2014).
"As an election system which is based at the Democratic creed Haram follow the election contrary to Islamic law," said the cleric who also works as motifator this.
According to him, the democratic system that exalts the popular vote was part of a form of disobedience to God. "Haram follow something adulterous in God," he said.
On the occasion, the alumni of al-Azhar Ustadz explains about the importance of leadership in Islam. "Laws voted in the Islamic compulsory and obligatory Muslim obedient and submissive to the leader who has been in the lift and in his allegiance, because the leadership issue is a very important issue in Islam," he said.
Thus, according to him, it is obligatory to choose a leader, as long as the means used are not contrary to Islamic law. "Because it is part of the follow us proved to be a concern for people they do not conflict with Islamic Law!."
No doubt that there is a difference of opinion among Muslims on the participation of giving voting rights in the election arena. There are some mandatory as a fatwa stating Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI).
"Abstentions including sin because existing MUI fatwa mandating exercise their voting rights in the election. Who does not work on the case shall mean innocent, "said MUI Chairman KH Amidhan, Thursday (02/27/2014).
There are also some components of Indonesian Muslims argue, participate permissible uses of the voting rights law alone.
"In principle, the election is a right of every citizen who has the right to vote, it is Mubah. That is, using the right to vote in the elections is compulsory, and avoid them (not to vote) is not Haram, "according to a decree of the Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI) related parliamentary elections and received editorial, Sunday (3/23/2014) ago .
MMI is based view of reality that until now, "yet the emergence of Islamic political party that openly and firmly make Islam the principles of his party, with the primary objective and the only is to enforce Islamic law in the country and government agencies," he wrote in the release signed Drs. Muhammad Talib as chairman and Drs. Nashruddin Salim, SH, MH as the Secretary General.
Decisions that do not require the use of his voice Indonesian Muslims are also based on the fact, the participation of the majority of political parties in the election system intends to establish shirk, namely a secular democratic system that separates state and religion, or who do not care about the religious law and moral law. [PurWD / voa-islam.com] Wednesday, 2 Jumada End 1435 H / March 26, 2014 16:45 pm.

HTI SOLO "non-voters as the best political option" 

Akhad (03/02/2014) HTI Solo Raya halaqoh and civilization held with the theme "Abstentions, Between Fatwas and political interests" in the Meeting House kliwon Al Ershad Market 08:00 - 11 :: 30. In the event, presenting Fendy E. Wahyudi, SIP (Lecturer Undip Semarang) as the first speaker in which he stated facts and political realities that exist in Indonesia.
John Zaller said "democracy was actually the sound of your voice instead of your real, and desires societies is determined by the ruling political elite. There are three types of people do Abstentions:
1. Not choosing is one of the choices.
2. Choosing will not bring change.
3. Abstentions as the best political option.
Of the many people who abstentions and growing year increasing numbers abstentions in Indonesia, most of them feel the disappointment of those who have been because there was no change at all after they are elected.
I was confused with that country adopts democracy, especially in Indonesia, according to the Democracy that is actually Fatwa Fatwa Haram because it is contrary to democracy itself, it makes democracy a majority vote is a decision to be taken, while the fatwa was only taken by a few people.
If anyone says that the caliphate is an ancient system that is not compatible with the present age, then democracy is a very ancient system that far because there have been around 6000 BC Year. A character who is very well known that Plato says:

In a democratic society causes: 

1. People instigator, because most people are there, they are ignorant of the clever, while the stupid easy once instigated and exploited people who have an interest.
2. There is no iota of good value in democracy itself.

KH AHMAD FAIZ "MUST legal abstentions". 

As the second speaker, Drs KH Ahmad Faiz (Special Standing Committee Chairman Ulema HTI Solo Raya). MUI fatwa in 2009 as follows:
1. General Election In view of Islam is an attempt to choose a leader or representative who meets the conditions ideal for the realization of our goals in accordance with the aspirations of the people and the interests of the nation.
2. Choosing a leader in Islam is an obligation to uphold the Imamate and Imaroh in life together.
3. Imamat and Islam really require Imaroh in accordance with the terms of the provisions of the religion in order to realize the benefit of society.
4. Choose leaders who believe and fear Allah, to be honest (Siddeeq), reliable (trustworthy), active and spiratif (sermons), has the ability (fathonah) and fight for the interests of Muslims law is mandatory.
5. Choosing a leader who does not meet the requirements as stated in item one or none at all when there is a qualified candidate law is illegitimate.
MUI is very ambiguous and contains multiple interpretations, in one hand some to mean that the fatwa implies that Abstentions is Haram but on the other hand some to mean that Abstentions are mandatory.
A layman can deduce from the MUI issued a fatwa, if the candidate does not meet the requirements then Abstentions are Mandatory legal, as they were now happening in Indonesia many candidates who do not qualify the legal abstentions Mandatory he said.
The system of democracy and Islam itself contrary to 180 degrees because democracy does give the right to express opinions to change the democratic system itself with a caliphate system but democracy will not allow implementing a caliphate that we offer.
We can take ibroh of what is happening in Palestine, Egypt and others, when the Muslims managed to seize power over the course of democracy but all were thwarted because the system is still in conflict with the organization itself.
According to a written democratic system whether or not the law say that it is permissible to pray is not mandatory, because in a democratic system of Islam and although she does not pray it is their right - each, if in Islam if there are children over the age of 10 years then it must be struck or just given tahdzir to give a sense of a deterrent to children not to leave the prayer again.
Democracy can not be separated from secularism, liberalism because ultimately democracy is only lust, yesterday - yesterday MUI has memfatwa-it illegitimate secularism and liberalism and hopefully soon MUI also issued illegitimate democracy. Ust as caretakers cottage which also ABA (Abdurrohman Bin Auf) Klaten tell when he silaturrohim to one klaten scholars, he said, "If there are people of Islam who was elected to the legislature as part of the plenary session would enter the room should be read prayers when about went into the bathroom because of the same - the same dirty bathroom and living room plenary session.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/fatwa-council-of-ulama-indonesia.html
DatePublished : April 05, 2014 at 14.12
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Tag : Fatwa Council of Ulama Indonesia.

Side effects of Botox injections.

Have you heard about the botox injections? Lately, the term is very popular injectable botok, then what exactly are Botox injections? Injecting Botox is a process of injecting botulinum type A, albumin and sodium chloride with the aim to increase the volume or tighten the skin on the body or face. Botox is a non-surgical cosmetic procedures are done by the artists or celebrities to get instant beauty.

When injecting botox. 

Differences face after botox injections. 

Actually, Botox injections should be performed by people who are experts and professionals, but because most people want instant results at a low price so do botox injections by people who are inexperienced and careless so the result was not optimal. FDA approved Botox injections procedure is done in some parts of the body such as the lip line, the tip of the lips, forehead, and so forth.

Injecting Botox Side Effects danger. 

Would you like this to the error botox injections?

Botox injections is not completely safe because there are side effects to your health. Is not appropriate if you want an instant but it is pretty dangerous. There are some people who succeed in this botox injections but some are failing. The reason there are different kinds, but the main cause of the failure is not due to be done in accordance with proper procedures.

Some side effects of botox injections: 

**  May produce an allergic reaction. 

Some people show allergic reactions as it passes through the process of injecting botox. Some of the allergic reactions that arise in general are hives, asthma, flushing, dizziness, and so forth. If you have asthma or shortness of breath after botox injections, it is advisable to start taking a drug that has been granted a doctor. But you better consult a doctor immediately to overcome it.

**  Can swelling on the skin. 

If you have a sensitive skin type, then chances are you may experience a bit of pain and swelling on the skin after injection.

**  May cause eye glaze. 

If you do Botox injections in the forehead, eyebrows, and around the eyes, the eyelids normally you would go down so that the eyes look glazed.

** May cause frequent urination. 

By doing Botox injections can cause urinary tract become more active. So that makes us want to always urinate all the time.

**  Can cause flu-like symptoms. 

There are some people who are experiencing flu-like symptoms after injecting botok week, most of them have a fever, headache, body aches all tastes, chills, all mixed into one.

**  Can cause sinus infections. 

Botok Injecting can also cause sinus infections, and worse headaches can donate continuous so that the head becomes heavy.

** May cause respiratory tract infections. 

Respiratory tract infection is one of the side effects of Botox injections has experienced some, though rare. You will feel tightness and difficulty in breathing.
If you'd love to do botox injections, botox injections sebaikya avoid the salon whose reputation is questionable. Do it with those who are experts and professionals. Actually pretty naturally is better, as well as how to whiten skin. Think carefully first before doing Botox injections. Hopefully some reviews side effects botox injections discourse above can be new to you.

Artists Sharing experiences about BOTOX Poor 

Kim Kardashian aware of the dangers of BOTOX. Ever tried BOTOX, 29-year-old actress was admitted what he had done was not good to follow and for health.
"You know, I've tried Botox. I feel it makes my eyes more, like, squinty and small," he said.
But Kim aware of the dangers of botox. Experience is not good for health.
 "It's not a good experience for me. Not good for health," he said.
 Prevention Magazine and CelebTV.com Dana Delany (54) one of the characters in the series "Desperate Housewives" reveal bad thoughts about BOTOX.
"7 years ago, my beauty doctor recommends to use? Try Botox. He injected into my forehead and bruising of the nerve and cause a very large, after the death of my nerves and causing my right eye down to be level with the left eye I am. Doctors are human, but after the incident I did not go back there again. And I will not do plastic surgery just for beauty.
To remove wrinkles on the face, many people now choose to perform Botox injections. Indeed, this can be said to be effective, because it can reduce wrinkles on your face. However, it also has side effects.
The team of researchers from the University of Calgary, Canada, analyzed the effects of Botulinum toxin A (Botox), the group of 18 rabbits during the period of six months. The study found, rabbits were injected with Botox, the muscles have lost nearly 50 percent.
This raises a larger concern, Botox can spread and make the muscles are not given injections are also missing.
"The thing we want to show, the lost muscle tissue is replaced by fat. Basically we have to be more careful when trying to inject botox. Because of the possibility of side effects in a given area of ​​the injection, "said Rafael Fortuna.
Substance in Botox injections work by relaxing the muscles making conditions. The effect will smooth the skin that lies over the muscles that were previously crimped. After the injections will be given muscle is paralyzed and can not form wrinkles. The results can last between three to five months before the muscle is slowly returning to the previous form.
Research shows that women who are given an injection of botox in the forehead area, potentially experience muscle weakness. Or muscle can turn into fat on other parts of their body.
Other complications are also short-term you should know. Botox injections can create feelings of depression and muscle weakness, although the number of patients who experienced less than three percent. These complications can occur for a few days or a week. So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
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DatePublished : April 04, 2014 at 21.05

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Did you know Cempedak Fruit.

Cempedak cleaved. 

Cempedak fried. 

Cempedak fruit on the tree.

Cempedak a fruit plants in the family Moraceae. Fruit shape, flavor and fragrance of the fruit like jackfruit, but it smells like a sharper scent of durian fruit. This plant originated from South East Asia, and spread from Tenasserim region of Burma, the Malay Peninsula including Thailand and Indonesia. In Indonesia spread across Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku up to Papua. The scientific name is Artocarpus Cempedak, Cempedak local common name of which is bangkong (Cempedak forests, wild forms in Malaysia), Baroh
( Lingga and Johor), jackfruit beurit (Sunda), nongko cino (Java), and tiwadak (Banjar) .
Evergreen tree, a medium-sized, can reach 20 m high, generally only tens of meters. Twigs and shoots smooth and stiff brown hair. Thin leaves rather stiff like leather, stemmed 1-3 cm, obovate to oblong, 2.5-5 cm × 5-25 cm, flat-brimmed, with peg-shaped, rounded base and pointed tip. Leverage leaves elongated ovoid, tapering, wire-haired, easy to fall off and leave scars in the form of a ring on a twig. Monoecious (monoecious), inflorescence individually, appear in the armpit leaves, on a large branch or the main trunk (cauliflory), in particular short leafy shoots. Male wreath shaped like a rod or spindle head, 1 × 3 to 5.5 cm, pale green or yellowish, sessile 3-6 cm. Hump-shaped mace elongated female flowers, with flower-embedded Runga 1.5 mm deep in the shaft head and the free passage of about 3 mm. Fruit pseudo compound (syncarp) cylindrical to spherical, 10-15 × 20-35 cm, greenish, yellowish to brownish, with pyramidal protrusions similar spines are soft or slippery tight checkered with eye facets. 'Taging fruit' is a real flower jewelry enlarged and thickened, yellowish white to orange, sweet and fragrant, soft textured, slippery slimy on the tongue and a bit fibrous. Not like jackfruit, along with a whole mass of flesh flowers sterile or fail (known as 'dami') is easily separated from the shaft ('heart') apparent fruit when the fruit was ripe. Seeds flattened round or elongated, 2-3 cm.
Fruit eaten fresh or processed first. Cempedak fruit pulp, seeds and their sometimes once, after being given flour, sugar or salt and fried, a snack cup of tea or coffee. Seeds can be fried, boiled or grilled, before being eaten with a little salt mixture. Young fruit, as a young jackfruit, can be used as a vegetable. The wood is of good quality, strong and durable, so it is often used as a timber, furniture, boat or materials. The bark is fibrous materials can be used as a rope, and the sap to catch birds. Can also be produced from wood yellow dye. In Kalimantan, in addition consumed fruit flesh and seeds, fruit skin can be processed into food called mandai or some call dami. Mandai commonly consumed by fry until brown.

Cultivation Cempedak.

For you fans of fruit would have been familiar with this plant, fragrant fruit, jackfruit and sometimes smells like a stabbing like durian. Cempedak a fruit plants in the family Moraceae, its tree-colored Green, Large, and able to grow to a height of 20 meters. Twigs and buds of trees have fine hairs, colored brown and married one.
Cempedak tree similar to the jackfruit tree, the only difference being the shape of leaves Cempedak bigger and thicker.
In general cultivation Cempedak aims to utilize its fruit, because fruit Cempedak has a distinctive flavor and aroma so much in demand.
Cempedak fruit can be consumed directly when ripe, like jackfruit. In addition to fresh fruit eaten in a state Cempedak can also be fried in advance and be a friend while drinking coffee or tea. Cempedak fruit seeds can also be eaten, but must first be treated with boiled or baked. Besides consumed after being cooked, the fruit can also be consumed during Cempedak young by means processed into vegetable.
Because it has a variety of benefits and a lot of fans, it is no wonder if the fruit Cempedak into agricultural commodities at high prices. Not like durian, fruit Cempedak gradually bear fruit can be harvested once so much as 3-5 times. Cempedak plants will bear fruit as much as 50-100 pieces during the first season and production will increase 2-5 fold in the second season. With the care and condition of the soil supporting the course of production could be maximized. Therefore, Cempedak cultivation could be a promising business prospects.

Cultivation Method Cempedak:

**  Choosing Cempedak Seeds, seeds selection is very influential on crop production Cempedak. Because the seeds were able to grow well and fairly resistant to disease. Should plant seeds taken from mature seeds of the fruit on the tree, big and rounded shape. Polybag seedlings seeds into a quart size, flush regularly to grow shoots and 6 months old, then the seedlings are ready to be moved into agricultural land.
**  Planting Pattern Cempedak, determine the spacing of crop growth and yield. Cempedak is a plant with large trunks of trees and leaves are also cropping ribun so distance should be sufficient. In general, use a spacing of 10 x 10 meters or 12 x 12 meters, if the distance is too close to the tree and its fruit will be a little thin.
**  Land Management, Cempedak plants can grow well in all types of soil with the soil condition has sufficient water intake for the plant Cempedak. Make a hole with a size of 40 x 40 x 40 cm and the distance between holes 10 x 10 m or 12 x 12 m. Put mulch 10 cm into the hole and leave a hole for one week before planting.
**  Planting Cempedak, open plastic packaging polybag seedlings careful not to injure the roots of seedlings. Planting seeds are then piled perpendicular to the ground and then condense the soil around the seed.
**  Cempedak Plant Care, weeding crops from nuisance weeds must be done so that plant growth can be maximized. Weeding is done manually, which cut the grass roots and let it dry, die and become fertilizer. When the plants will bear fruit to be done cleaning the roots, by way of cleaning the grass and leaves around the stem of the plant. Grass and leaves garbage dredged as far as 3 feet away from the trunk, aims to increase the oxygen levels in the soil and reduce soil moisture.
**  Packaging The fruit, when the fruit is at arm children should be packing fruit. Packaging aims to protect the fruit from pests attack the fruit. Use of plastic with holes in the plastic parts.
**  Fumigation, so necessary, the bottom line is that fruit flies cause fruit rot. Fumigation is done by burning the leaves and grass that had piled before. Remember, try to get out when the fire thick smoke, not fire.
**  Cleaning damaged fruit,
Cleanup of damaged fruit should be done when we see shards. Fruit picked and far from the tree. Or put in fire fogging. If late then the fruit is another major risk involved first rotten fruit that is not affordable to be wrapped. And sometimes that has been wrapped too risky also participated foul.
**  Harvesting, in an ordinary fruit stalk is filled to 10 pieces Cempedak. To find fruit ready to harvest, use a pin needle, puncture the top of the fruit if the seeds are already hard means the fruit is ready for harvest. In one harvest only fruit at the top of the stalk is taken.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : bambang sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-cempedak-fruit.html
DatePublished : April 03, 2014 at 18.28

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Tag : Cempedak Fruit.

Kapok tree.

 

Or so-called kapok kapok, a tropical plant that has the scientific name Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. Although originating from Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa as well, kapok also easily be found in Asia, such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. 

In Indonesia, the most widely Kapok tree grows wild in Java, especially in the area of ​​Gunung Kidul, Karanganyar, Yogyakarta, Pati, and much more. In the Java language, cotton is often referred to as the Java cotton, Java kapok or silk cotton tree.

Because of tropical plants, no wonder cottonwood tree easily grown in this region of our country. With a plant height can reach 70 meters, Kapok tree often attract attention by making a 'snow storm' due to strands of cotton are falling. For example, in the city of Bogor, near the IPB campus, where there is a path overgrown edges of cottonwood trees. What a romantic scene!
Sign in to benefit from the Kapok tree is, it is not limited to usher us go to the 'Island Kapok'. You know, 26% of the fruit is the seed cotton, which is commonly called the pagoda. Kapok seed is capable of producing better cooking oil from palm oil. Why? Because Kapok oil contains no cholesterol, no smell, and contains omega 3, 6, and 9. However, due to the high content of fatty acids, kapok oil is rancid easily, so less food into oil is recommended.

Even so, it fits really kapok oil used as an alternative fuel! It's easy. This kapok seed oil must pass through three processes used, namely the process of making cotton seed oil, oil refining and transesterification process. Oil is the end result can be directly used as a substitute for fuel oil which is very promising.
There are specific bees that just want to take honey from the kapok tree flowers. Honey efficacy in treating many diseases. Call it a fever, sores, burns, to improve intelligence.
Kapok fruit skins are also suitable materials used to make paper, soap and baking soda. Besides the potassium and ash in it makes the skin very good kapok fruit as fertilizer.

In many locations, cotton planted for reforestation, water conservation and to supply fuel wood for fencing as well. In addition, kapok leaves is also very good for repairing the land, as well as animal feed.
Surely there are also benefits from the food kapok tree. Filipinos love to eat young cottonwood leaves as a vegetable. In Thailand, a regular inhabitants consume kapok flowers and young fruit. While the kapok pods are still very young is many people's favorite Java.
Kapok tree is considered sacred by the Maya and Aztecs who used to live in Central and South America because of its size and its status as a trusted liaison earth and sky universe.
The characters are diverse trees and magic-magic. Make planting trees as a culture and appreciate trees as living beings equally lived on this earth.

Kapok tree. 

The characteristics: 

Rod as straight barbed pole. Little green leaves. Opaque colored flowers, fragrant and beautiful. Seeds contain oil seeds such as silk and fur named with kapok. Seeds are green when young and brown skin after old cottonwoods
The great kapok oil used as an alternative fuel. The trick, cottonseed oil must pass through three processes, namely
-The process of making cotton seed oil
Oil-refining and transesterification process.
Oil is the end result can be directly used as a substitute for fuel oil.
Unfortunately there is no investor who glances.
Kapok fruit skins are also suitable materials used to make paper, soap and baking soda. Besides the potassium and ash in it to make rind fitting cotton used as fertilizer.
In many locations, cotton planted for reforestation, water conservation and to supply fuel wood for fencing as well. In addition, kapok leaves is also very good for ground fixing.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : bambang sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/kapok-tree.html
DatePublished : April 03, 2014 at 15.23

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Tag : Kapok tree.

Did You Know About Leucaena (petai china).

Lamtoro , china petai , petai Selong or shrub is a kind of tribal Fabaceae ( Leguminosae , legumes ) , which is often used in reforestation or erosion prevention . A native of tropical America , this plant has been introduced into Java hundreds of years for the benefit of agriculture and forestry , and then spread to other islands in Indonesia . This plant in Malaysia named petai locusts .

This plant is also known by various other designations such as pĕlĕnding , Peuteuy Selong ( Sd. ) ; kemlandingan , mètir , lamtoro and lamtoro gung ( lamtoro large ; bodied for larger varieties ) ( Jw. ) ; and kalandhingan , lantoro ( Md. ) .
Names in various foreign languages ​​, among them : the locusts petai , petai Java ( Mly. ) ; lamandro ( PNG ) ; ipil - ipil , elena , kariskis ( Phil. ) ; krathin ( Thai ) ; leucaena , white leadtree ( Ingg. ) ; and leucaene , faux mimosa ( Prc. ) . The species name , leucocephala ( = ' white -headed ' ) refers to the hump - hump whitish flowers .

Introduction .

Lamtoro ( Petai China ) .

Tree or shrub has a height of up to 20 meters , although most only about 2-10 m . Low and much branched , with pepagan brownish or grayish , air- nodule and berlentisel . The branches are round the piston , with the ends of the hair tightly .

The leaves are compound and pinnate shaped double , numbering 3-10 pairs of fins , mostly to the leaf nodes on the shaft just before the base of the fin bottom ; leverage leaves small, triangular shape. Children 5-20 pairs of leaves of each fin, face , form elongated lines , 6-16 ( -21 ) mm × 1-2 ( -5 ) mm , with a pointed tip and base of the oblique ( not the same ) , its surface smooth-haired and frayed edges .
The flowers are long -stemmed plural form of excrescence which contain 2-6 start to gather in the head ; hump each composed of 100-180 flowers , forming white or yellowish balls 12-21 mm in diameter , on top of the stalk along 2-5 cm . Flowers small , containing - 5 ; bell shape toothed calyx tube short , lk 3 mm ; crown shape Solet , lk . 5 mm , loose - loose . Stamen 10 strands , lk 1 cm , loose - loose .
The fruit pods straight ribbon -shaped , flat and thin , 14-26 cm × 2 cm , with the boundaries between the grains , green and finally brown or greenish brown when dry , when cooking breaks down along the column itself . Lamtoro fruit containing 15-30 seeds which lies crosswise in legumes , egg-shaped round eggs breech or inverted , with shiny dark brown color measuring 6-10 mm × 3 to 4.5 mm . Seeds like a banana , but smaller and deep smaller .

The origin , type and distribution of child .

Lamtoro come from Mexico and Central America , and from there became widespread . Spanish conquistadors brought the seeds from there to the Philippines in the late sixteenth century . From this place start lamtoro spread to various parts of the world . Leucaena planted as a shade coffee plants , firewood producers , as well as a source of animal feed which quickly grew .
Lamtoro easy to adapt , and quickly became a wild plant in many tropical regions of Asia and Africa ; including in Indonesia . There are three types ( subspecies ) it, namely :
Leucaena leucocephala ssp . leucocephala ; subspecies is distributed by the Spanish . Java is known as petai china lamtoro or ' local ' , short -trunked about 5 m height and bushy -haired bud branches .
ssp . glabrata ( Rose ) S. Zárate . Known as gung lamtoro , these large plants ( trees , leaves , flowers , fruits ) than the first type . Lamtoro new gung widespread in the world in recent decades . as well ;
ssp . ixtahuacana C. E. Hughes ; limited spread in Mexico and Guatemala .

Utilization .

Since long lamtoro been used as shade trees , erosion control , source of fuel wood and fodder . In soils are quite fertile , lamtoro grow quickly and can reach adult size ( 13-18 m high ) within 3 to 5 years . Dense stands ( more than 5000 trees / ha ) were able to produce wood increment of 20 to 60 m³ per hectare per year . Trees planted alone can grow to a height of 50 cm . If planted in the neighborhood of tree , the tree next to it will be lack of sunlight . Therefore , usually lamtoro / petai china planted as shade trees / shade , and to cope with the brunt of the storm. This plant can also be used for green manure by means of immersing the leaf base as fertilizer in the soil .
Leucaena is one kind of versatile legumes being grown in a mixed cropping pattern ( agroforestry ) . This tree is often planted in the pathways within 3-10 m , in between the bolt - bolt main plant. Other uses are as a living fence, fire insulation, windbreak , the green line , the propagation of life for twining plants such as pepper , vanilla , passion fruit and yam , as well as shade trees in coffee and cocoa plantations . In forests managed by Perhutani teak plantations in Java , lamtoro often planted as intercrops to control drift soil ( erosion ) and improve soil fertility . Lamtoro roots have root nodules fix nitrogen and many places leaves as a source of organic produce .

Wood .

Lamtoro highly favored as a producer of fire wood . Lamtoro wood has a calorific value of 19,250 kJ / kg , with a slow burn and produce less smoke and ash . Wood charcoal lamtoro very good quality , with a calorific value of 48,400 kJ / kg .
Solid wood is included for quickly growing tree size (density of 500-600 kg / m³) and wet wood moisture content between 30-50 % , depending on age .
Lamtoro quite easily drained with good results , and easy to work . Unfortunately this rare wood that has a large size ; boles are generally short and many knots , because many tree branches . Wooden porch reddish or golden brown , medium textured , hard enough and strong as wood furnishings, furniture , poles or floor coverings . Lamtoro wood is not resistant to termites and rot rather quickly when used outdoors , but easily absorb preservatives .
As wood , lamtoro also used as firewood , charcoal , and also the fence .

In East Java , lamtoro timber usually used for making paper .

Leucaena is also a producer of pulp (pulp ) is good , suitable for the production of paper or rayon . The wood pulp produces 50-52 % , with a low lignin content and wood fiber along 1.1-1.3 mm . Quality paper obtained included either .

Leaves and other parts .

The leaves and young twigs lamtoro an animal feed and a good source of
protein , especially for ruminants . The leaves have a level of destruction of 60 to 70 % in ruminants , the highest among the types of legumes and other tropical forage . Leucaena planted fairly tight and well managed can produce high amounts of forage . But planting mix lamtoro ( 5-8 m spacing ) with grass planted in between , will give the most economical results .
Cattle and goats produce good weight gain with a composition of a mixture of grass forage and 20-30 % lamtoro .
Although all animals like lamtoro , but a high content of mimosin can cause hair loss in non - ruminant animals , such as horses and pigs , which are usually given in the form of fresh . In addition , when cows were given lamtoro for 6 months continuously, then the cow in question will experience hair loss , decreased fertility ( fertility ) , thyroid gland disorders , and cataracts . Mimosin , a type of amino acid , is contained in the leaves and seeds lamtoro up by 4 % dry weight . In ruminants , this mimosin outlined in the stomach by a kind of bacteria , Synergistes jonesii . Heating and provision of iron - sulfur salts can also reduce the toxicity mimosin .
Leaves , flower buds and young pods are commonly engulfed in raw or cooked first. Old seeds are roasted as a coffee substitute, with a harsher aroma of coffee. The seeds are already quite old , but not blackened , commonly used as a mixture pecal and botok . Young fruit can also be used as a vegetable . Lamtoro seeds can also be processed into soy substitute with soy nutrition are almost equal . Carbohydrates contained in the reducing sugar was 164.29 mg / g of starch was 179.50 mg / g. Proteins reached 208.56 mg / g. Meanwhile, the fat reached 80.86 mg / g, still less the fat content of soybean reached 141.05 mg / g.
The leaves are also often used as mulch and green manure . Lamtoro leaves decompose quickly .

Other products .

Lamtoro known to produce substances tanner and red dyes , brown and black from pepagan ( bark ) , leaves , and pods . A resin or gum is also generated from wounded stems or illness , especially from crosses of L. leucocephala × L. esculenta . Gum has a good quality , similar to gum arabic .
Flowering throughout the year , lamtoro provide good forage for honey bees , making it suitable to support apiculture .
From lamtoro , could also be made a necklace craft ( material consisting of seed lamtoro elderly , needle , and thread ) . Meanwhile , lamtoro seed used is an old seed . Soaked seeds advance to the lamtoro inflate or " bloom " and soft . First of all, insert the thread into the needle, and then stick the needle into lamtoro seeds. Seeds should be varied in crafting this lamtoro necklace of seeds .

Drugs .

Seeds lamtoro bitter and neutral . This plant is laxative urine ( diuretic ) and intestinal worms . In addition to containing mimosin , leukanin , leukanol , and protein , the leaves of this plant also contains alkaloids , saponins , flavonoids , tannins, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins (A , B1 , and C).
 For use as a medicine , seeds and all parts of this plant used . The seeds are dried and powdered . A total of 1 teaspoon of seeds are boiled in half a cup of hot can be used to cure diabetes . By Sundanese in West Java , chew the leaves of young shoots can be used to lamtoro placed on the wound caused by a sharp object .
Also , in Cilacap , lamtoro fruit mixed with taro stem bark can be used to treat a knife slash .

Here are some of the research in the field of medicinal plants on lamtoro :

Lamtoro methanol extract may cause a reduction in body weight and length of the fetus ( fetus ) with increasing doses , but not statistically significant .
In addition , the effect of seed extract has been investigated Leucaena leucocephala ( Lam ) de Wit ( Mimosaceae ) on glucose tolerance and blood glucose levels of diabetic mice induced by alloxan tetrahydrate dose of 250 mg / kg bw . Extracts were administered orally a dose of 0.5 g / kg and 1 g / kg bw ( body weight ) showed a decrease in blood glucose levels of diabetic mice that mean for 27.28 mg / dL and 43.72 mg / dL , the effect of this decrease is more small compared to the rats that were given gliclazide 7.2 mg / kg bw .
In 2006 , it has been demonstrated that the water extract of the seed lamtoro can act as a blood sugar -lowering agents in the pancreas of mice that had been induced by streptozotocin . Found , β - cells of the pancreas also protected from necrotic effects of seed lamtoro . In the end , it was concluded that the water extract of lamtoro showed anti-diabetic effects were significant after given orally.

Ecology and distribution .

Lamtoro like a warm tropical climate ( daily temperature 25-30 ° C ) ; altitudes above 1000 m asl can inhibit its growth . This plant is fairly drought resistant and can be grown everywhere , including in areas with rainfall between 650-3000 mm ( optimal 800-1500 mm ) per year . However , these plants can not grow in a puddle .
Can be grown in any soil condition , easy to adapt to the local climate , the plants lamtoro easily propagated by seeds that are old , stem cuttings , and with the removal of saplings . Because it is easy to grow , in many places lamtoro often become rampant weeds . This plant was easy to grow ; after pruned , felled or burned , bud - shoots will grow back in large quantities .
Not many pests that attack these plants , but lamtoro particularly vulnerable to pest attack leafhopper ( Heteropsylla cubana ) and planthoppers . Planthopper pests lamtoro been virtually gutted . In addition, the psyllid pest in Indonesia in the late 1980s has resulted in endless types lamtoro 'local ' in many places . Another note says that lamtoro gung / petai china 's entry into Indonesia after regular lamtoro ( Leucaena diversifolia ) is attacked by fleas in Indonesia in the 1980s .
In addition, the fungus that attacks are usually lamtoro Meliola sp . This fungus , in addition to attacking lamtoro , also attacked jasmine , tea , and bamboo .
Meanwhile , the attack was part of the upper leaves , so there is a black color on the star -shaped leaves . This fungus is difficult exfoliated , due hifodium into the leaves . Order of hifodium to absorb food . Spores are spread via wind and water flow . Thus, to prevent and control this fungus , simply discard and burn the affected leaves and wear suitable fungicide .
Lamtoro bloom at night and closes its leaves at noon . This plant can be harvested every 5 months so that the tree remains still low , so that the fruit easily retrieved .
Thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : bambang sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-about-leucaena-petai-china.html
DatePublished : April 03, 2014 at 12.51

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Tag : Did You Know About Leucaena ( petai china ).