The phenomenon of pig pole.

The phenomenon of "pole pig" or a polar vortex freeze the majority of states in the United States. Whirlwind that came down from the North Pole and bring the cold air has killed 21 citizens of the land of Uncle Sam.

Since hit by a gust of cold air on Monday, a number of American cities coldest temperature record. Cities in the eastern U.S., such as Newark and New Jersey, recorded temperatures of minus 16 degrees Celsius. Temperatures in New York reached minus 15 degrees Celsius. The Pittsburgh suffered cold temperatures to minus 23 degrees Celsius.
U.S. residents should worry about the cold air brought "pole pig". Exposure to extreme cold can threaten the health, could even lead to death. (See also: Photos: USA Faces beaten Winter)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that the most common health problems arise due to the cold weather is hypothermia and frostbite. Frostbite occurs when the body begins to freeze, numbness, and begin to experience changes in skin color.
"The parts of the body most susceptible are the fingers, toes, tip of the nose, and ears," the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was quoted as saying by LiveScience, Wednesday, January 8, 2014.
The length of time before being exposed to frostbite can vary, depending on the temperature and wind speed. Winds capable of removing heat from the body faster than still air, so the faster man suffered hypothermia can continue to frostbite.
The National Weather Service said temperatures of minus 15 degrees Celsius with the wind chill of minus 28 degrees Celsius able to trigger frostbite within 30 minutes. Frostbite attack only takes 10 minutes if the air temperature of minus 23 degrees Celsius plus wind chill of minus 38 degrees Celsius - the coldest temperature record in the U.S. due to "pole pig".
When exposed to hypothermia, the human body loses heat faster than it can be produced. This condition causes the body's core temperature decreases. Normally, the human body's core temperature by 37 degrees Celsius. Attacks of mild hypothermia can cause the body temperature drops to around 35 degrees Celsius.
"When your body temperature begins to decline, bad things happen soon," said Michael Sawka, Chief Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM).
A person may experience amnesia at body temperature 33 degrees Celsius. At body temperature of 28 degrees Celsius, people can lose consciousness. If the body temperature continues to decline reaching 21 degrees Celsius, a person is exposed to severe hypothermia.
"It could lead to death," said Sawka. In other words, the death of the human body to attack long before it was absolutely freezing due to cold temperatures.
The record for the lowest body temperature in adults who are still able to survive is 14 degrees Celsius, which occurs after the person is immersed in ice water for some time.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 31, 2014 at 21:52
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Tag ; The phenomenon of pig pole.

Red Bull Worth Panic.

Battery Problems , Stop Trial .

RB10

The problem continues to impact the Red Bull - Renault yesterday ( 29/1 ) . Two days testing at the circuit , Jerez , Spain , RB10 - car championship team in four seasons last only able to get around the track 11 laps , whereas last year at the same period as much as they spur RB9 174 laps .
Conditions experienced by Red Bull 's certainly not ideal . With a stack of new regulations , good engine and aerodynamics , the car demanded to be driven as much as possible to test all systems work well . Looking at the performance of the competitors , Red Bull worth panicking .
On the first day Tuesday , Sebastian Vettel , the world champion racer in the last four seasons , only capable of rotating circuit three times without posting a record time . Yesterday he was only around eight laps because of a problem on his car battery energy storage .
Worse yet , when taken to the garage , smoke billowing from the RB10 . Red Bull decided not to continue the trial . The hope , Renault can analyze and find solutions to the problem as soon as possible .
Sebastian Vettel looks very disappointed with the condition . He had to cancel his promise to undergo an interview session with reporters Wednesday afternoon local time .
Last night he reportedly left the circuit . Today is the turn of fellow Sebastian Vettel , Daniel Ricciardo will try RB10 .
That increasingly makes Red Bull Renault engine panic is a condition that is not convincing . Total roaming cars using Renault engines very little .
On the first day only 19 laps , it was four laps of which accounted for Red Bull and Caterham is no time .
Yesterday a total of 38 laps were recorded Renault -engined car , but Mercedes reached 248 rounds .
" I actually really hope more laps that can be recorded ( Renault engined teams ) , but we do not know for sure what really happened in the garage , so it did not happen , " said Chief Engine Renault's Rob White as quoted by Autosport .
Changes in engine regulations has become the greatest at this time. If last season's 2.4 -liter V8 , 1.6 -liter V6 is now turbocharged .
The more complex the use of energy recovery system ( ERS ) which captures the energy wasted during braking and from the engine heat .
Convincing Mecedes engine .
Until now Mercedes engine looks the most stable in the face of new regulations .
McLaren and Williams Yanga use the same Mercedes engine first and third fastest.
McLaren over Jenson Button , while Valtteri Bottas rely Williams .
The second fastest was Kimi Raikkonen of Ferrari .
So , thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 30, 2014 at 21:17

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Tag ; Red Bull Worth Panic, rb10

Did You Know About Franchise.

Franchising ( UK : Franchise ; French : Franchise ) for honesty or freedom ) is the rights to sell a product or service or service . Meanwhile, according to the Indonesian government version , which is defined as the franchise is an engagement where one party is given the right to utilize and or use of intellectual property rights ( IPR ) or a business meeting of the hallmark of any party with a reward based on the requirements set by the other party or in the provision and sale of goods and services .

Meanwhile, according to the Indonesian Franchise Association , Franchise is intended to :

A system of distributing goods or services to end customers , where the brand owner ( franchisor ) gives rights to individuals or companies to conduct business with the brand , name , systems , procedures and ways predetermined within a certain time period covers a certain area .

Franchisor and franchisee .

In addition to understanding the franchise , also needs to be explained what is meant by the franchisor and the franchisee .
Franchisor or franchisor , is a business entity or individual which entitles the other party to take advantage of and or use of intellectual property rights or characteristic of the invention or its business .
Franchisee or franchisees , business entity or individual is given the right to utilize and or use of intellectual property rights or inventions or characteristic possessed franchisor .

Franchise history .

Franchise was first introduced in the 1850s by Isaac Singer , Singer sewing machine makers , when they want to increase sales distribution of sewing machines . Although the effort failed , but he was the first to introduce a business format franchise in the U.S. . Then , how was followed by another, more successful franchisees , John S Pemberton , the founder of Coca Cola . However , according to other sources , who follows Singer then is not Coca-Cola , but a U.S. auto industry , General Motors Industry in the year 1898. Another example in the U.S. is a telegraph system , which has been operated by various railroad companies but controlled by Western Union as well as exclusive agreements between automobile manufacturers with the seller .
Franchising is currently dominated by fast food franchises . This trend began in 1919 when A & W Root Beer restaurant opened quickly sajinya . In 1935 , Howard Deering Johnson in collaboration with Reginald Sprague to monopolize modern restaurant business . Their idea is to let their partner to independently use the same name , food , supplies , logo and even building design in exchange for a payment . During its development , business systems undergoing various improvements , especially in the l950 's that later became known as business format franchising (business format ) or sometimes referred to as second -generation franchise . The development of the franchise system so rapidly , especially in his home country , the U.S. , causing popular franchise as a business system in various fields of business , reaching 35 percent of total existing retail businesses in the U.S. . While in England , the development of the franchise pioneered by J. Lyons through the efforts of Wimpy and the Golden Egg , in the '60s . Franchises knows no discrimination . Franchise owner ( franchisor ) in selecting candidates for its business partners based on the mutual benefit , not by SARA .
Different franchise categories , among others : the franchise in the form of food , education and others. One form is still a lot of growing franchise in Indonesia.

Type of franchise .

Franchising can be divided into two :
Franchise abroad, tend to be preferred because the system is more obvious , the brand has been received at various world , and felt more prestigious .
Franchise in the country , is also one investment option for people who want to quickly become entrepreneurs but do not have enough knowledge of the initial tools and business continuity is provided by the franchisor .

Franchise fees .

The franchise fee includes :

The starting fare , starting from Rp . 10 million to Rp . 1 billion . These costs include expenses incurred by the franchisor to make a place of business in accordance with the specifications of the franchisor and the cost of the use of intellectual property rights .
The cost of royalties , the franchisee is paid every month of operating profit . The amount of royalty fees ranging from 5-15 percent of the gross income . The cost of proper royalties is 10 percent . More than 10 percent of the cost normally incurred for marketing that needs to be accounted for .

Franchising in Indonesia .

In Indonesia , the franchise system became known in the 1950s , with the advent of motor vehicle dealers through the purchase of a license . The second development began in the 1970s , with the start of the system plus the purchase of a license , not just being a franchisee distributors , but also has the right to manufacture its products . In order for the franchise to grow rapidly , the main requirements that must be owned the territory is a binding legal certainty for both the franchisor and franchisee. Therefore, we can see that in a country that has a clear legal certainty , the franchise is growing rapidly , for example in the U.S. and Japan . Milestone will be the format franchising legal certainty in Indonesia began on June 18, 1997 , by the issuance of Government Regulation ( PP ) No. . 16 of 1997 on Franchising . PP. 16 of 1997 on this franchise has been repealed and replaced by Regulation No. 42 of 2007 on Franchise . Furthermore, other provisions that support the rule of law in business format franchising is as follows ;
Minister of Industry and Trade of Republic of. 259/MPP/KEP/7/1997 Date July 30, 1997 on the Procedure of Registration Provisions Franchise .
Regulation of the Minister of Industry and Trade of Republic of. 31/M-DAG/PER/8/2008 on Franchise Operation
Law no . 14 of 2001 on Patents .
Law no . 15 of 2001 on brands .
Law no . 30 Year 2000 on the Trade Secrets .
Many people are still skeptical with certainty , especially in the field of franchise law in Indonesia . But this time for the legal certainty sought by business format franchise is much better than prior to 1997 . This is evident from the increasing number of legal protection that can protect the franchise business . The development of franchising in Indonesia , particularly in the field of fast food very rapidly . This is possible because we are based entrepreneurs as franchisees ( franchisees ) are required to develop the business through a master franchise it receives by way of searching for or appoint franchisees continued . By using the pyramid system or systems of cells , a business format franchise network will continue to expand . There are several franchisee associations in Indonesia, among others APWINDO ( Franchise Indonesian Employers Association ) , GUARDIAN ( Franchise & License Indonesian ) , AFI ( Indonesian Franchise Association ) . There are several franchise consultants in Indonesia, among others IFBM , The Bridge , Hans Consulting , FT Consulting , Ben Warg Consulting , JSI and others. There are several franchise exhibition in Indonesia which periodically hold roadshows in various regional and national outreach , among others, the International Franchise and Business Concept Expo ( Dyandra ) , Franchise License Expo Indonesia ( Panorama convex ) , Info Franchise Expo ( Neo and Indonesian Franchise Magazine ) .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 30, 2014 at 19:58

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Tag ; Franchise .

Bird of Paradise loveliest.

There are more than three dozen species in the family Paradisaeidae , or better known as the bird of paradise . There are about 13 Genus of these birds and the most famous member of the genus is Paradisaea . In Indonesia we call it with birds of paradise . Characterized by striking colors and bright , yellow fur , blue , red , and green . With colors so they become the most beautiful and interesting birds in the world , so it is referred to as a bird of paradise . Birds of paradise are found in Papua or Papua New Guinea and surrounding islands, including Eastern Australia. Unfortunately, the presence of this bird on the wane as many illegal hunting irresponsible .

Lesser bird of paradise ( Paradisaea minor ).

The Lesser bird of paradise known as the little yellow bird of paradise . This medium-sized bird with a length of about 32 cm , red - brown with a yellow crown and upper back brownish yellow . Male birds have the throat emerald - green color , a pair of long tail feathers and adorned with yellow wings decoration on white base area in the outer regions . Females are smaller than males , have a dark brown head , white chest and without feathers adorned ornament . Endemic area covers the entire northern forests of Papua New Guinea , and the islands near Misool and Yapen .

Raggiana bird of paradise ( Paradisaea Raggiana ).

The Raggiana bird of paradise , also known as bird of paradise Count Raggis . This bird is also best known as birds of paradise . Habitat This bird is widely distributed in the south island of New Guinea and northeastern . Has a length of 34 cm long , red - brown -gray , yellow iris and feet grayish brown . Male birds have a yellow crown , emerald - green throat and yellow collar between the throat . Wing feather color varies from red to orange depending on the subspecies . Females are smaller than males , with a brown face and had no fur trimmings .

Astrapia Ribbon - tailed ( Astrapia mayeri ).

This is one of the most spectacular birds of paradise . His name Astrapia Ribbon - tailed and have the longest tail feathers in relation to body size , length reached more than three times the length of its body . The length of adult birds reached 32 cm with male birds that can reach 1 meter . Male birds have a black and green olive brown colored while the female bird . Male birds have the long tail -shaped white ribbon . Endemic area in the center of the island of New Guinea .

Blue bird of paradise ( Paradisaea Rudolphi ).

His name reminds one name Taxi transportation in Indonesia . This bird is about 30 cm , black , dark brown iris , gray legs . Male birds with feathers decorated with blue purple color dominance . So it is also called the Blue Bird of Paradise . Blue Bird of Paradise is a bird endemic to Papua New Guinea . Endemic area covers the mountains southeast of Papua New Guinea .

Riflebird Paradise ( Ptiloris paradiseus ).

If you 've seen the movie Planet Earth , then you will see this bird . This bird has a length of about 30 cm with black male bird with a colorful crown turquoise , black legs , dark brown iris and yellow mouth . This type of female birds are olive brown . Is endemic to eastern Australia , Riflebird also scattered rain forest in central New South Wales and Queensland . Male birds can spread their wings and show it off while moving to the right and to the left in front of female birds to lure them .

Red bird of paradise ( Paradisaea rubra ).

We call it the Red Bird of Paradise , about 33 cm long yellow and brown , and yellow beak . Adult males can reach 72 cm including decorative feathers are blood red with a white tip on the side of his stomach . Fur dark emerald green face and tail there are two long strap -shaped double gyre is black . Females are smaller than males , with a dark brown face and had no fur trimmings . Is endemic from Indonesia , Red Bird of Paradise is found only in lowland forests on the island Waigeo and Batanta in Raja Ampat , West Irian Jaya province .

Lawess Parotia ( Parotia Lawesii )

Parotia lawesii medium size up to 27 cm ) . Regional distribution of forest covers the mountains in the southeast and eastern Papua New Guinea . Male birds have a black color with white forehead , nape blue iridescent purple and green gold chest hair . Decorated with three wire decorative head from behind each eye and elongated flank feathers black . Females are brown with dark bird 's head , sliced ​​yellow and dark .

King of Saxony bird of paradise ( Pteridophora Alberti )

King of Saxonyi is a kind of small -sized warbler , with a length of about 22cm . Adult males have black fur and dark yellow , her head there are two strands of wire scaly feathers glossy blue - sky like a banner that length is 40cm and can be enforced in time attract females . Therefore this bird eaten Paradise Panji . Fur coat and grow back elongated shaped black hood . Iris dark brown , legs brownish gray and half black with the inside of the mouth green sea . Female bird is gray brown with stripes and dark spots . Females are smaller than males and without decorated wire coat or fur trimmings . Endemic area in the mountainous jungle island of New Guinea .

Wilsons Bird of Paradise ( Cicinnurus respublica )

Wilsons Bird of Paradise rather small size of up to 21 cm . Male birds are red and black with a yellow robe in the neck , light green mouth , blue legs and two purple tail feathers are curved . Bird females brown with blue crown . Is endemic to Indonesia, with the spread in the hill areas and lowland rain forest and Batanta Waigeo Islands of West Papua .

Princess Stephanies Astrapia ( Astrapia stephaniae )

Stephanie Astrapia measuring about 37 cm , this bird is black with iridescent blue - green heads and purple , besides that it has a long tail feathers purplish black . Females are dark brown bird with a black head blue . Natural habitat in the mountains of central and eastern Papua.
Thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 30, 2014 at 14:50

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Tag ; Bird of Paradise loveliest.

About Nuri Indonesia.

 About 85 types of parrots ( kind of parrot ) living in Indonesia , 14 species of which have been protected as endangered in the category . One area that is rich in parrots is the Wallacea region consisting of the island of Sulawesi , Nusa Tenggara and Maluku . Four types of parrots are there in Wallacea in critical categories ( endangered ) , namely Nuri Talaud ( Eos histrio ) , Yellow-crested Cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea ) , Parrot Head Philippines ( Tanygnathus lucioinensis ) and Nuri Black Wing ( Eos cyanogenia ) .

Parrot ( Eclectus roratus ).

All parrots ( Psittaciformes spp ) entered CITES Appendix II , except those included in appendix I and III . There are 5 types of parrots are included in Appendix I that gofin cockatoo ( Cacatua goffini ) , sinister cockatoo ( Cacatua moluccensis ) , yellow-crested cockatoo ( Cacatua sulphurea ) , cockatoo king ( Probosciger aterrimus ) and parrot Talaud ( Eos histrio ) . Birds in the list of Appendix I of CITES means the birds are traded internationally prohibited , except as captive . Regulated international trade .
ProFauna Indonesia in 2002 in a report titled Flying Without Wings have published the facts about parrot trade in North Maluku . At that time approximately 15,000 tail parrot captured from the wild in North Maluku to trade with its trade center in the city of Ternate . After 6 years of the launch of Flying Without Wings , ProFauna Indonesia launched Pirated Parrots report published in June 2008 .
In Pirated Parrots mentioned that each year about 10,000 head parrots caught from the North Halmahera , North Maluku , to be traded . Parrots are not only traded at the domestic level , but also smuggled into the Philippines . Parrots are caught from the North Halmahera consists of the type of white cockatoo ( Cacatua alba ) , (Lorius garrulous) , parrots ( Eclectus roratus ) and Lorys ( Eos Squamata ) . In fact, parrots are birds that have protected that should not be traded .
Birds - parrots are smuggled to the Philippines by sea . As a result of the transport of long , bad method possible arrest and mistreatment of birds during trading , making the death rate The parrot is very high , reaching 40 % .
Trade types of protected parrots violates applicable law in Indonesia . According to Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems , trade in protected species is prohibited and violators can be penalized a maximum penalty of 5 years imprisonment 100 million .

Tips to tame Bird Nuri.

1 . Location of the cage.

The first you should do to tame parrot that is by putting in place an open cage which is often in place through many people . It is intended that the birds kesangan you can adapt to humans .

2 . Bathe.

The second tips to tame it is by way of bathing him , the parrot how to bathe a lot of things that are beneficial to the birds , of which will accelerate hunger in birds . When the moment of giving food to the birds , of course, are not tame pet bird will have a dependency on the owner . Try when you give food to your bird , you give it to eat using a long stick, the day try to stick you use the shorter and so on.

Just so simple tricks to tame your pet parrot , hopefully a little extra tips that I can give useful for you and hopefully you can be friends with your favorite birds.

So , thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: January 30, 2014 at 12:02

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Tag :  Nuri, About Nuri Indonesia.

Parrots.

Parrots are loyal extraordinary animals , their fur is very soft and very beautiful . Most importantly , these birds are very intelligent and inquisitive birds .
Parrot happy to show off and make a funny behavior with its wings spread , head up and down , dancing and shouting .
They are very active and always wanted to know about the surrounding environment .
Parrots are happy to spend time with the show or check out and play a game or toy that is given in the cage .
Who own parrots , healthy growth as a pet if his master presents a lot of time and attention to him , playing and expressing affection in daily behavior .
However ideally have 2 parrots if the master does not have much time to play and give attention to the bird .
Two tailed cockatoo will help to prevent bad habits caused by birds are bored , such as squeaky voice and plucking feathers .
The term of parrots in the Malay language has two designations pincher and old father .
Pincher certainly can be interpreted as a cockatoo who have a strong beak , and can destroy a wooden toy to pieces in a short time .
Birds behave very differently than other parrots . These birds have more feathers the color of color , such as white or black with the head upright ? ? , Ability to follow something moving very well . Very large and strong beak and can easily destroy the object .
Cockatoos suspected longest-living birds of other parrot types such instances greater sulfur - crested types have lived nearly 100 years . It is difficult to determine the age of a cockatoo , however, has a young cockatoo beak and pale color softer and paler plumage that , while the old birds have a darker beak and feathers has striations and is full of color
Of some species , females eyelids red to brown - coklatan after 2 years . It helps to determine the sex of the bird . Eye color is not evident in some species . In this case the type to know the sex of the investigation should medical science . Endoscopy , can be implemented with the assistance of a veterinarian or his dna test , usually a blood sample or a few bird feathers in check is sent to the laboratory
Parrots have natural shelter that can be found mostly in Australia and Indonesia . They are found in 3 different areas , wet rainforest and has a high air temperature , soil grassy plains and vast grasslands and dry
There are 18 species of parrots ( including the parrot ) and 37 sub- species , only a few people know for import purposes . Cockatoo is endangered and protected animals . An export ban on all birds of Australia . Young birds available for general sale in the United States is the result of cattle .
Care for cockatoo must include shower / bathe once a week to gather dust on the wing feathers that birds have a nice shape . A shower can be accomplished with a hand held shower sprayer or hose with a fine spray head and lukewarm water . Bowl to soak / ceramic container or measuring 12 - 14inc ( 30 - 35cm ) can be placed on the bottom of the cage or height / distance from floor 39 inc or 1 meter if have a large aviary . The wings should be kept balanced if the bird does not want to lose the spirit to fly and to prevent blurring . Beak and claws need to be trimmed so that they do not spoil when climbing and chewing . Many different types of perches available to keep the nails blunt , but they still need to be trimmed if it has grown .
Cockatoos will destroy mineral blocks, lava blocks and can be destroyed with its beak quickly and they do not want to keep beaks trim .
Diet on the cockatoo is the basic food grains hookbill with additional suplemet sprouted seeds and all the small fruits and vegetables are safe for birds such as apples , pears , plums , raisons , oranges , bananas , peaches , carrots , broccoli , string beans , chickweed and delions and others .
Do not feed avocado as it is toxic to birds . Sometimes protein foods such as cottage cheese can be given , bits of cheese , cooked eggs , canned dog food and cooked meat bones . Stay away from condiments , meat fat to make a cockatoo . Vitamins and minerals should not be necessary given the current directly when diet and stress . Because they destroy blocks calcium , calcium must be crushed and sprinkled on food once a week .
Cockatoos like to socialize and want to know the height , so the cage as much as possible close to the yag is often bypassed by the family . Place the cage at eye level we see and do not direct sunlight . Minimal cage for small cockatoo is 70X70X100 cm . Large cage for cockatoos that bigger must be considered . The horizontal bars of paramount because cockatoo likes to climb . Do not forget that cockatoos have a strong beak , a cockatoo capable of destroying and smashing bars in the cage . For additional security enclosure door , snap lock is best . Cages should be large and comfortable size 100x100x200 cm . Perch measuring 26-30 mm for small cockatoo ( 35-45 mm ) for a big cockatoo . Twigs of fruit trees and maintenance with very good size for a variety of exercises such as leg and beak sharpening and blunting the nail . Food and beverage containers must be made ​​of ceramic or stainless steel .
Place bird maintenance / large outdoor cages for breeding should have a safe place to hide and can be warmed and cooled in the interest and have a sand bedding . For additional tools must be sized flight cage 2x3x2 m for small cockatoo cockatoos and of course a great need for the larger size . Flight cage should be covered . Equipment flight cage with a higher perch and a nice bath as well when provided.

Yellow-crested Cockatoo Birds Small or scientific name Cacatua sulphurea is a medium-sized bird, with a length of about 35 cm, of the genus Cacatua. This bird is almost all white fur. On the head there is a yellow crested enforceable. Small-crested Cockatoo-yellow beak black, the skin around her eyes and legs bluish gray. Flight feathers and tail are also yellow. Females are similar to males.
Regional distribution of small-crested Cockatoo-yellow is in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Bali, West Timor and East Timor, where the forests are primary and secondary. Small bird feed-Crested Cockatoo-yellow consists of grains, nuts and various fruits. Female birds incubate between two to three eggs in nest in tree holes.
WARNING .
Yellow-crested Cockatoo Birds Small including wildlife laws , as contained in Appendix PP. 7 of 1999 , and there are provisions in the Act No. . 5 of 1990 that ;
Any person who deliberately capture, injure, kill, keep, possess, maintain, transport , and trade in protected animals alive ; ( Article 21 paragraph ( 2 ) letter a ) , shall be punished by imprisonment of 5 ( five ) years and a fine maximum of Rp. 100,000,000.00 ( one hundred million rupiah ) . ( Article 40 paragraph ( 2 ) ) ;
Anyone who intentionally keep, own, maintain , transport , and trade in protected animals in a state of death ( Article 21 paragraph ( 2 ) letter b ) , shall be punished by imprisonment of 5 ( five ) years and a maximum fine of Rp . 100,000,000.00 ( one hundred million rupiah ) . ( Article 40 paragraph ( 2 ) ) ;
With Intentionally trade, keep or have skin , body , or other parts of protected animals or goods made ​​from these parts or removing it from a place to another place in Indonesia inside or outside Indonesia  ;
(Article 21 paragraph (2) letter d) , shall be punished by imprisonment of 5 ( five ) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 100,000,000.00 ( one hundred million rupiah ) . ( Article 40 paragraph ( 2 ) ) ;
So , thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/parrots.html
DatePublished: January 30, 2014 at 11:27

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Tag ; Parrots, kakatua, cockatoo, parrots

About Ostrich.

Description.

Ostrich is eating everything, even though most of their feed from plant materials. He ate fruits, seeds, leaves and shoots are also shrubs and creepers; are also a variety of invertebrates and small vertebrate animals. A number of stones and rocks kericak swallowed to help the grinding of materials that are difficult to digest food. Food Aqueous deliver large amounts of fluids, especially of plants and animals, so this might be the cause of the belief that a camel in the desert scope can survive for long periods without water. This is not true, because he should be able to get way into drinking water. They also bathe if there is a chance for it. All poligam camel. Nest hole is not dig in, on sandy soil, and it is here placed all the eggs produced by the females of a male. The number of grains of 15-60 eggs. Presumably each female produces about 6-8 eggs, usually two days once the item. The eggs have an average length of 15 cm and a width of 13 cm, with a weight of only 1.4% of the parent. This is a small number that is not unusual for such a large bird.
Incubation period lasts approximately 40 days. Male birds incubate at night, but a tail or some of the females took over most of the tasks during the day. Most of the number of eggs that did not hatch. If eggs or young birds in danger, then the males or females, or both, perform motion distract the opponent, the way deceive by pretending to be injured and, as was the case in other birds, the situation arises when the eggs will hatch. Chicks can follow their parents as soon as their feathers dry, and after one month could run fast offset adult birds.
Ostrich can often be seen in small groups, a male followed a female and a child. The group consists of 5-15 tail is reasonable, although there is also a type of camel that just looks at the group of 50 animals or more. In some areas, accompanied camel herd mammals such as zebras. It may be, that as in other cases about the cooperation between birds and mammals, birds Camels are better able to track the danger with his eyesight, while mammals can smell before the danger of wild animals can be captured by the eye. Such cooperation is reciprocal between the two types of animals.

Morphology 

Ostrich is the largest living bird and can not fly. Ostrich has big wings but are used to attract the opposite sex and egg warm. As well as birds ratit, camel already accustomed to life in the soil and can run well. Legs very long and strong, and with a long neck that can determine altitude reaches 2:50 am, with a weight of 135 kg. The males are black with white wings and tail. That female brown gray and smaller. Head and neck most of the almost totally sulah (bald) and covered with soft fur that is very rare and brush-like bristles. Her legs are almost sulah, the skin on the neck and legs gray or reddish, depending on the sub-species. Her eyelashes grow well. Ostrich (today) only has two toes on each leg-which was once the third and fourth fingers. The third one is the biggest. This is an adjustment to the ability to run and can be compared with the shrinkage that occurs in the foot horse that became a powerful toes. With a long neck and a sharp eye, a camel can reach distant areas with a vision, and long legs can be used to achieve a running speed of about 65 miles per hour.

Respiratory system 

Birds have a breathing apparatus that is pulmonary. The size is small relative to the size of the pulmonary body. The lungs of birds was formed for the primary bronchi, secondary bronchi and vessels brokiolus. Primary bronchi associated with mesobronkus which is the largest bronchioles. Mesobronkus branched into two sets of anterior and posterior secondary bronchi called ventrobronkus and dorsobronkus. Ventrobronkus and dorsobronkus connected by parabronkus. The lungs of birds have less / more than 10000 pieces. Parabronkus with a diameter of less / more 0.5 mm. A pair of lungs in birds stuck to the inside of the chest wall. Having avian lung expansion called air pockets are filled sac pneumatikus collarbone area upper chest, lower chest, abdomen, bone area of ​​the humerus, and the neck area.

Bird Respirator consists of: 

v Nostrils
v Cracks in the pharynx pharynx, trachea associated with.
v Trachea a pipe with a ring-shaped thickening of the cartilage that is composed
    along the trachea.
v Siring (instrument sound), located at the bottom of the trachea. In syrinx muscles are sternotrakealis that connects the sternum and the trachea, and serves to make noise. Moreover, it can also siringialis muscles that connect the syrinx with the inner wall of the trachea. In the syrinx cavity are easy vibrating membrane. Membrane vibration depends on the size of the room sound siring regulated by muscle and muscle sternotrakealis siringialis.
v Bifurcation of the trachea, the trachea branches into two bronchi right and left.
v bronchus ( trachea branches ) , located between the syrinx and the lungs .
v The lungs with wrapping membrane lungs called the pleura.

Digestive System. 

Digestive organs in birds divided on the digestive tract and digestive glands. Food birds vary seeds, small animals, and fruits.

Digestive tract in birds consists of: 

ü Part: a modification of the tooth,
ü The oral cavity: upper jaw consists of a coupling between the cavity
   mouth and horn,
ü The pharynx: a short channel,
ü esophagus: the birds are widening in this section called the cache,
   serves as a food storage area that can be filled quickly.
ü The stomach consists of:
1. Proventriculus (glandular stomach): a lot of digestive enzymes,
           thin muscle wall.
2. Ventricle (gastric chewers / gizzard): thick-walled muscle. - In
            grain-eating birds are gravel and sand are ingested together
            vang useful food to aid digestion and is referred to as "
            hen's teeth ",
ü intestine: consists of the small intestine and leads to thicker cloaca.
Small intestine in birds consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Digestive gland of birds include: liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. In pigeons there is no gall bladder.

Reproductive System. 

An animal bird group ovipar. Though the birds have no external genitalia, fertilization occurs in the body remains. This is done by attaching each cloaca.
a. Male Genitalia system.
Amounted to a pair of testes, oval or round, smooth surface portion, the ventral lobe is located next to the most cranial part of the penis. In the breeding season increased its size. Here are made and stored spermatozoa.
Reproductive tract:
Mesonefrus forming afferent tubular ducts and epididymis. Wolf curled duct and ductus deferens to form. In small birds, ductus deferens very long distal portion forming a spindle called glomere. Glomere near the posterior part of the afferent ducts dilated to form ampulla duct which empties into the cloaca as the ejaculatory duct. Efferent duct of the epididymis is associated with a small then headed duktud deferens. Ductus deferens has nothing to do with the ureter when entering the cloaca.
b. Female Genitalia system.
- Ovary.
In addition to the eagle, which is developing ovarian aves only the left, and is located in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity.
Reproductive tract:
Oviduct which develops only on the left, are long, coiled, attached to the body wall by mesosilfing and is divided into several parts; infundibulum anterior part is that has an open section that leads into the coelomic cavity as the ostium surrounded by fimbre-fimbre. In the posterior is the magnum which will secrete albumin, further isthmus that secretes the egg membrane inside and out. The uterus or shell gland to produce lime shell.

Excretion system. 

Tool in the form of a pair of birds renal excretion metanerfous. The kidneys are connected by the ureter to the cloaca because the birds do not have a urinary bladder. Kidney tubes more birds than in mammals because the metabolic rate of birds is very high. Each 1 ml cubic renal cortical tissue of birds containing 100 to 500 kidney tubes forming a small loop of Henle. The water stored in the body through reabsorption ditubulus. In the cloaca water reabsorption occurs also increase the amount of water in the body. Trash discarded as uric acid nitrogen released through the cloaca as white crystals mixed with feces.
Special on sea birds, such as gulls, in addition to excrete uric acid as well as salts. This is because seabirds drink salt water and eating fish that contains salt. Sea birds have salt excretion glands above the eyes. Kerongga nasal saline solution then flows out through the outer nares and finally the salt out through the end of the half.

Nervous System. 

Nervous system in birds is similar to the nervous system in humans and mammals. All nerve activity regulated by the central nervous system. Central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Bird brain also consists of four parts, the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum and advanced marrow. In addition to the big brain cerebellum in birds can also grow well. Big bird brain different than a large brain in humans.
The surface of the cerebrum in birds are not many times, so the number of neurons grown bird Padda form two bubbles. This development is related to the function of vision.
The cerebellum in birds have folds that increase the surface so it can accommodate a considerable number of neurons. Development of the cerebellum is useful for setting the balance of the bird in flight time.

Motion Systems. 

The bones of birds are as follows: 

Ø Birds have a beak that is lighter than the jaw and teeth on the mammals.
Ø Bird has a sternum (breastbone) is flat and broad, useful as a broad flight muscle attachment.
Ø The bones of birds are hollow and lightweight. The bones are very strong because it has a cross structure.
Ø The wings are composed of bones that are less than the bones of the human hand. This serves to reduce the weight, especially when the bird flies.
Ø spine combine to provide a solid frame shape, especially when flapping wings while flying.
Ø Birds also have bones that are appropriate for typical fly. Future members changed into wings. Bone and chest enlarged and flattened as a place of attachment of the muscles and wings. This allows the bird to fly.
a) The function of the Framework;
Following order functions in birds:
Ø Skull: Protecting the brain and the contents of the head
Ø Neck Bone: To connect to the cranium.
Ø Bone arms: To move the wings.
Ø Bone cubits: wing bone that connects the arm bone.
Ø lever Bone: Bone wing that connects the arm bone.
Ø Korakoid: Liaison sternum.
Ø ribs: The bones that protect the stomach contents.
Ø Pelvis: Connecting tail bones.
Ø coccyx: Bone liaison with the cloaca.
Ø Dry Bones: Connecting kebetis femur.
Ø femur: For joints.
Circulatory system
Bird blood circulation composed by the heart as the center of circulation, and blood vessels. Blood on bird composed by oval and nucleated erythrocytes. Heart-shaped cone bird and wrapped the pericardium membrane. The heart is composed of two thin-walled foyer and two billik whose walls are thicker.
Blood vessels are divided into arteries and veins. Arteries were left out of the cubicle there were three pieces, namely two anonymous arteries branching again into the arteries that provide blood gets head, flight muscles, and members of the front, and an aorta that is the remainder of the arch that leads to the right aortikus (arch aortikus the reduce towards the left). Artery is then wrapped around the bronchi and veer towards the right of the tail into the dorsal aorta (arteries backs). Arteries coming out of the right ventricle only one, namely the pulmonary artery (pulmonary artery), which then branched to the left lung and right. Veins or venous distinguished by:
1. Veins upper body (superior vena cava); vein carries blood from the head, the front member, and a member of the pectoral muscles to the heart.
2. Veins of the lower body (inferior vena cava); carries blood from the lower body to the heart.
3. Veins coming from the lungs (pulmonary) right and left lungs and carries blood to the left atrium of the heart.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/01/about-ostrich.html
DatePublished: January 29, 2014 at 20:43
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Tag ; About Ostrich, ostrich