Worm cylinder.

Scientists using deep sea cameras and sonar follows other high-tech equipment to find that at the bottom of the ocean deep and dark ocean floor creatures living group unique.
Starting from a jellyfish that can emit light, until the cylindrical worm, which lives by consuming oil seeping from the seabed as their food. A total of 17 650 living species in area of ​​seabed that is very dark and cold, were it up to 5 kilometers (about 3 miles), including shrimps, corals, starfish, crabs, and so forth.
Robert Carney of Louisiana State University, chairman of the research team deepwater projects Survey of Ocean International (CoML) told Reuters, "Variations kinds of creatures that live in the deep ocean far beyond our imagination so far, here is no longer a black hole in the simple. "CoML survey project is a project that is planned to be completed by October 2010.

Generally light can penetrate to a depth of 200 meters into the sea, or almost equivalent to the height of the Washington monument that reaches 169 meters, more than it has been regarded as a high-pressure destructive that can not be covered by anything. Outside the area that can be covered by plants that receive the sun light, living creatures can only live in a way to parse the bacteria contained in the methane or oil, or from the bodies of dead sea creatures such as whales bodies to survive.

Among the marine life in this there are jellyfish that can emit light and some kind of creature tangible jelly eight-legged finned or called "the ear great" aka Dumbo, because of the creature using his ears to pack water, like a character from flying elephant Dumbo in movies cartoon.
Mike Vecchione of the Smithsonian said "the big ear" has a length of about 2 meters, which is a large-sized creatures on the seabed, there are also a number of sharks and jellyfish cylindrical. He told Reuters that the cylindrical jellyfish even longer than the blue whale.

When drilling offshore petroleum in the Gulf of Mexico, on the seabed at a depth of 990 meters the scientists found their cylindrical worm. When the robot hand to catch and pull the worm out of the hole the seabed, there is oil that gushed out. It relies living creatures to break down petroleum.

Carney said that the interests of the oil mining companies are conducting a survey to find oil deposits, but the presence of a cylindrical worm can be regarded as a sign. "If it is found the worm cylinder, means near where it no methane or liquid petroleum."
However, Carney also said that a number of scientists "feel upset because it is generally part of the seabed rarely get attention", and scientists are worried about the exploration of natural resources is carried out on the deep sea because humans still do not have sufficient understanding of the creatures living in a very deep part of the sea. What is known about the man living creatures in the deep ocean is very little.
A total of 680 types of specimens of copepods-shelled creatures that have been collected from the southeast Atlantic Ocean there are only 7 of them were recognizable. In addition've also found for the first time a kind of worm Osedax at the poles.

Tangible jelly creatures called "the big ears" or Dumbo. (David Shale)
Although the deep sea floor covered with eternal darkness, a number of living beings can emit their own light, they rely on this light to target the game as well to attract a mate, and they also have eyes that can see. There are also a number of marine creatures that swim on its sunny side up to the part that is very deep, once there are people who find seals at a depth of 2,388 meters.
Climate change is warming world and human activities such as burning fossil fuels also had an impact on the most inside of an ocean. Vecchione said, "There is already evidence to suggest that climate warming has occurred in the deep sea and the water quality becomes acidic."
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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Date Published: February 05 2016 at 13:08

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About Tardigrada.

Tardigrada (known as Water Bears) are part of the sub-phylum Ecdysozoa. Tardigrada size is very small and live in the water with the feet of eight. Tardigrada first described by Eprhaim Goeze in 1773. Tardigrada name means "slow walker" given by Spallanzani (1777). Tardigrada adult body length is 1.5 mm, the smallest size of 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm sized larvae. Tardigrada can be found in all parts of the world, ranging from Himalayan peaks to the ocean floor, and from the poles to the equator.
The most preferred place in the air-algae. On the beach, land and water can be found in this mini beasts.

The most interesting of these animals is the ability to adapt to extreme environments. Tardigrada can survive in a frozen environment (0 oc) to place a high temperature (151 OC). It can even withstand radiation Rad 570,000, 1,000 times higher than the amount of radiation in which another living thing can survive. Therefore, Tardigrada known as animal polyextremophiles. With these capabilities, Tardigrada a living creature can survive in the event of a nuclear war or other extreme natural disasters. Even Tardigrada can live for 10-100 years in dry conditions, even record Tardigrada survive in dry conditions longest is 120 years old. Unfortunately, after the completion of the estivasi and move the motion for a few minutes, the animal died. Another unique capability of Tardigrada is able to survive in a state space vacuum. In one study in September 2007, Tardigrada can live for as long as 10 days in the space environment. Tardigrada that clicking space using spacecraft FOTON-M3 by the European Space Agency, can survive in a vacuum, exposed to cosmic rays, and can even withstand the sun's UV radiation 1,000 times higher than the radiation on the earth's surface, and this animal also have teeth as sharp as a knife hidden in his mouth shaped tube. In addition, Tardigrada also able to withstand a pressure of 6000 kg / sq cm.

Facts About Tardigrade.

Tardigrades are very small and almost invisible to the eye and Why tardigrades also called water bears? because the body shape looks like bears that live in the water

The most persistent creatures on Earth can live in boiling water, solid ice, and radiation of space. It can survive a decade in the desert, without a drop of water, or in the deepest ocean trenches.

A Spacetime Odyssey, Neil deGrasse Tyson introduce you to small animals Tardigrade, or water bears. The small aquatic invertebrates almost invincible, able to tolerate any conditions and temperatures that would kill almost any other living creatures.

So what makes this tardigrade invertebrate animals have enormous power.

1. Tardigrades change shape to survive without water.

When faced with extreme conditions, tardigrades can dry out completely, replacing nearly water in their bodies with a sugar called trehalose. As a result, they were able to survive the environment that would otherwise kill them.

2. Tardigrades very small size to hide from predators.

For all their resilience, tardigrade is one of the smallest creatures in nature. Barely the size of a poppy seed less than 1.5 millimeters in length, tardigrade can exist in sediments and marine hidden, unnoticed by a potential predator.

3. Tardigrades mouth like a sharp dagger.

Though their numbers may be small, they're fierce! Tardigrade mouth is the most serious weapon, as used spear algae or even other small animals.

4 Tardigrades traveling into space - and survived.

To test the endurance of true Tardigrades, a Swedish researcher K. Ingemar Jonsson of Kristianstad University launched tardigrades into space on the spacecraft FOTON-M3 in low Earth orbit in 2007. Affected by the conditions of space, most of the tardigrades survived and survival of exposure vacuum and cosmic rays, with some even life from deadly levels of UV radiation.

5. Tardigrades already exist on almost every other living organisms.

Tardigrades already roamed the earth and the sea long before humans do - and will most likely outlast us. Will tardigrades into final organism in the universe? Only time will tell.
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Date Published: 02 February 2016 at 14:39

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Lake Nyos.

Lake Nyos is a crater lake volcanoes in Cameroon, West Africa, located in the 10:15 6:36 ° N ° E. In 1986 the lake was releasing giant clouds of carbon dioxide, which resulted sufokasi (lack of oxygen) up to 1800 people in the surrounding villages.

Lake Nyos Beautiful lake in Cameroon which Creepy and Deadly.

The beauty of nature often provide entertainment for us were hit by boredom in daily activities. The natural beauty is also often inspires us to continue working and always be grateful for the gift of the most beautiful that has been given him. Beaches, caves, lakes, no mountains are part of the natural beauty that we often make themselves the object hanger. Traveled fancy term.

But you know, when we listen to its beauty, very rarely thought of dangerous things that could have suddenly become mass murderers for life around. This is as it happens from Lake Nyos, located in the country of Cameroon.

What's Lake Nyos?

Nyos is the name of a volcanic crater lake in the state of Cameroon, West Africa, which formed since 400 years ago. It lies at 6.36 ° North latitude and 10.15 ° east longitude. The depths of Lake Nyos is reached 157meter the deepest part is 208 meters.

Beautiful lakes in the country Cameroon

A lake Nyos in Cameroon country which has the unmatched beauty and visited by many people for a tour of nature. As beautiful lake in the other hemisphere, lake Nyos is seen as an amazing place and provide comfort. Therefore, both the visitors, or the residents who live around the lake is more comfortable due to the appearance of beauty, and not so worried about other circumstances that could endanger safety.

Natural phenomena pathetic

The formation of the lake that cratered volcano ejects likely poisonous gas that can then be spread on the surrounding area. As a result, there will be negative impacts, including the ability to kill human life was animals secretly.

Almost 1800 human soul dies

The ability to kill secretly it has been proved by the lake Nyos, by the death of almost 1800 human spirit and also the thousands of cattle and wild animals, while also building a state of nature they occupy unchanged and did not damage. The phenomenon of sudden death and secretly that occurred on August 21, 1986, the other is not caused by poisonous gas that comes from the lake Nyos. That carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered a sudden onset of eruptions from the bottom of the lake, then spread to a radius of 25 kilometers.

Chronologically, this event begins with a roar that comes from the lake, and people curious and out of the house with the intention of going to find out what was happening. Exposure according to the scientists, the roar was the sound that arises from a gas explosion that took place in only 20 seconds, but then followed with vomit 12 cubic kilometers of CO2.

The appearance of the explosion fountain basin as high as 90 meters, it also caused a small tsunami. But rarely know that these events also generate toxic gases, the article CO2 gas is very difficult to detect by naked eye, because it is colorless and odorless. Which can be immediately known, that in an instant many living creatures, especially humans and animals, suddenly collapsed and collapsed.

It is understandable if the number of lives of thousands of living beings could float, because in the period shortly spread this poisonous gas can indeed achieve broad radius, ie up to within 25 kilometers. So for those who are fast asleep and did not come out to see the state becomes sleep in eternity.

What is the cause of death?

Referring to the research of experts, on the night of August 20, 1986 occurred ruins on a cliff on the banks of the lake, then the debris in the water to the bottom. The ruins of this cliff which allegedly has shaken the layers of water, so that the most basic layer filled with CO2 to be broken.

CO2 layer which subsequently broke out in large numbers to flow onto the surface of the lake. Inevitably on the morning of August 21 CO2 stream spreading to residential areas. Unfortunately, because it is colorless and odorless, so residents were aware of the presence suddenly and silently. Therefore, the lake was dubbed with the name "Lake Nyos", which means beautiful lake that is very creepy.

Similar events Lake Nyos

Disasters are almost similar to the Lake Nyos actually never happened. The first is in the mountains surrounding the Dieng, Central Java, namely the carbon dioxide gas mixed with hydrogen sulphide ejected in February 1979 Sinila sourced from the crater and crater Sigludug. No time-consuming poisonous gas spread to surrounding areas to result in 149 deaths. The second is in a location that is not far apart, namely in lake Monoun that occurred in 1984 and claimed the lives of at least 37 people.

Disaster management

For the sake of tackling the victims of this disaster, the scientists working together. One is by way of channeling excess CO2 content is in the water, by installing a pipe around the lake. Gradually the UNESCO team to design CO2 gas release system, the first in 1990 to install a 9-millimeter-diameter PVC pipe vertically until it reaches the bottom of the lake. It appeared that the outcome of the end of the pipe that is on the surface succeeded in removing water that contains carbon dioxide, its form similar to soda water that overflowed from the bottle.

From the results of the first experiment, the next in 1995 made four controllers pipe eruption in Lake Nyos toxic gas. The team is installing pipes from special PVC material perpendicular diameter of 140 millimeters deep as 185 to 205 meters. The team is composed of eight experts come from 6 countries, and is led by George Kling from the University of Michigan USA. After beberapakali conducting research and experiments, then the way piping is believed to provide more benefits, which can reduce the amount of toxic gases, namely the theory throw it slowly, so the possibility of eruption of gas suddenly can lead to catastrophic can reduced. Even explained also that toxic gas release control model of this kind can also be used in other volcanic lakes with similar conditions, namely the potential for a deadly toxic gas eruption.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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Publihed Date: 02 February 2016 at 12:54

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Luxurious and Expensive.

The bag is some object that was never separated from the woman's life, and wherever she went away always never left behind the bag.
Women with a variety of accessories, especially handbags, the price is very expensive as any woman would like to have the hope of personal decency.

1001 Nights Diamond Purse.

Bags with prices reaching $ 3.8 million. Tiny heart-shaped handbag covered with 4,500 diamonds totaling 381, 92 carats. 4,500 diamonds consisting of 105 diamonds yellow, 56 pink diamonds and white diamond side. Accessories women need 10 craftsmen and 4 months.

Hermes Birkin by Ginza Tanaka.

Handbags are fairly small (as big as the palm of the hand). The body bag is made using the Platinum with 2,000 diamonds. Some twenty diamonds of 2,000 diamond pear shaped into ornaments to decorate the center of the women's accessories. Ornate pear shape can be used as pendant necklace because the order is very beautiful and elegant. This bag price range between $ 1.9 million.

Chanel Diamond Forever Classic.

Handbag most expensive number 3 which is also decorated with diamonds. Bag with white crocodile skin has 334 diamonds totaling 3.56 carats. Diamonds are formed into the symbol of Chanel which is then incorporated as a bag decoration. Accessories women more perfect with the decoration as much as 18 carat white gold on a rope. The bag is a limited production sold for $ 261 thousand.

Lana Mark Queen Cleopatra.

This bag is only one in the world. This is because the type of Cleopratra handbags produced only 1 to 1 year. Each year, bags issued different. These accessories are made using white alligator leather adorned with white diamonds. This woman accessories price range between $ 100 thousand - $ 250 thousand.

Louis Vuitton Urban Satchel.

The bag is not made of diamond at all but made it into the top 5 most expensive handbags in the world. This handbag may look made of rubbish because its outer shape is filled with piles of trash such as plastic bottles, paper candy, cigarette packs, shopping receipts and other types of waste. But behind the garbage - rubbish, there are layers of finest leather from Italy. This bag was originally produced only 24 pieces, but many enthusiasts see these ladies accessories, Louis Vuitton decided to produce it again. The bag price is $ 150 thousand.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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Publihed Date: 02 February 2016 at 11:01

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Zika virus.

Zika virus is a virus of the family Flaviviridae and genus flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus can cause mild illness to humans is known as fever or illness Zika Zika. Zika disease itself started are known to occur in equatorial Africa and Asia since the 1950s. The pain is a mild form of the disease of dengue fever, of which he was treated by rest and can not be prevented through drugs or vaccines. Zika diseases linked to yellow fever and West Nile virus carried by arthropods congenital another flavivirus.
In 2014, the virus spread to east across the Pacific Ocean to French Polynesia and then to Easter Island and in 2015, it spread to Central America, the Caribbean, and now it spread to South America as one large outbreak. On January 2016, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) United States issued a travel guide for countries tejangkit outbreaks, including preventive measures that enhanced guidelines and considerations to delay pregnancy for women. Health agencies and other governments also issued a similar warning, while countries such as Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica, advising women to delay pregnancy so that the risk of the virus can be known.

Zika virus began stalking.

Already familiar with zika virus? It is one of the infectious virus that is now sweeping America. In general, zika virus causes only brief symptoms such as the common cold.

However, if the virus attack pregnant women, the risk of birth defects in the condition will increase. The baby will be born with a small head and brain condition called microcephaly.

To be more aware of the dangers of the virus zika, it helps to understand more closely at some important facts related to the virus. Launch of everydayhealth.com, the following are 10 important facts related to zika virus.

1. The spread of the virus through mosquitoes.

Virus mosquito is actually carried by mosquitoes and humans, it's just spread (transmitted) is done through the medium of mosquitoes. Zika is a RNA virus that is associated with West Nile, yellow fever, and dengue virus caused by the bite of Aedes mosquito.

This disease virus using the mosquito as a distribution medium. Modes of transmission are similar to dengue, from one person to another through the bite of an infected mosquito.

2. Symptoms seem trivial.

Nearly 80% of people infected with the virus do not show symptoms zika. The most common symptoms are fever and rash. Sometimes the virus can also cause muscle and joint pain, headache, pain behind the eyes and konjungtivis (red eye).

There is no effective treatment that is used for virus zika. The treatment is done in general to address the symptoms shown.

3. The highest risk applies to babies in the womb.

Currently zika pregnant women infected with the virus, the child in the womb have a dangerous risk of viruses zika. Effects that appear very dangerous for the baby. The baby will have what is called microcephaly.

This is a condition in which a baby is born with a brain condition and a small head. Microcephaly may cause the baby has mental retardation, slow to speak, move and even in its growth.

4. There is no vaccine for the virus zika.

Indeed, until now there is still no vaccine that is used to inhibit virus zika. The only vaccine in use today is the rubella vaccine (a vaccine to prevent birth defects).

Vaccination is now reserved for children and is recommended for adults. This vaccine helps prevent miscarriage in pregnant women, heart problems, blindness and hearing loss in newborns.

5. Zika began in Africa in 1947.

Virus zika was originally named ZIKV which was first discovered in 1947 in rhesus monkeys in the jungle Zika, Uganda, Africa. the researchers found that the virus in mosquitoes perched.

Year 1951-1981 outbreak was reported spread throughout Africa and Asia. In 2007, an outbreak is found to spread in Polynesia where about 73 percent of the population is infected.

In 2014 the outbreak began attacking Latin America and spread rapidly. Since 2015 the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization recommends Latin America to prepare for an outbreak zika filter.

6. Avoid zika virus with anti-mosquito drugs.

One of the steps that can be taken to prevent transmission zika is to use insect repellent drug (or anti-mosquito).

The drug contains at least 20 percent DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus (IR3535). Mosquitoes are usually most happy attack at dusk and dawn.

7. Preventing virus zika to eradicate mosquitoes.

Given the spread of the virus mosquito is media zika, then eradicate mosquito breeding can be one of the efforts to prevent its spread.

Water became one habitat preferred by mosquitoes, especially stagnant water. Chemical pesticides can kill mosquitoes, it's just that its use should be carefully paced to prevent contamination that endanger health.

Zika virus is expected to spread throughout the Americas.

WHO confirms 'link between viral infection in pregnancy, and microcephaly Zika still unconfirmed'.
The World Health Organization, WHO, estimates that Zika virus related to disability bawaan- -which will spread into American countries except Canada and Chile.
Outbreaks of mosquito-borne virus that is spread by the Aedes aegypti rapidly in Brazil since last May but the researchers said it was possible modes of transmission other than mosquito bites.
Head of the WHO, Margaret Chan, in a meeting in Geneva, Monday, January 25, said that the explosion spread Zika into a new geographical area, with immunity among the small cause for concern.
However he asserts 'causal link between viral infection in pregnancy, and microcephaly Zika still unconfirmed'.
Image caption
Pregnant women are asked not to travel to countries affected by outbreaks Zika.
Microcephaly an unusual birth of a baby with a smaller head size and in Brazil recorded 3,893 cases of microcephaly since October, which is much higher than the average microcephaly usually.
Authorities in several countries in Latin America-such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaika- has been suggested that women delay pregnancy until more is known about the virus.
Usually attack by this virus cause mild symptoms so it is still unclear why there is a serious outbreak in Brazil.
Pregnant women were also asked to avoid traveling to countries that face an outbreak of Zika.

Rio authorities anticipation Zika virus spread during the Olympics.

Zika virus spread in Brazil worrying the international community.
Rio de Janeiro authorities have announced plans to prevent the spread of the virus Zika during the Olympic Games to be held this year.
Outbreaks of disease caused by mosquito bites - which is associated with birth defects in newborns - have raised concerns in Brazil and the international community.
Inspection of the facility will begin four months before the Olympics, to eradicate mosquito breeding.
Extermination of mosquito larva will also be done every day for the world sports event was held.
But fogging will be an option in dealing with individual cases due to concerns over the health of the athletes and visitors.

Fumigation is done to combat the Zika virus.

Brazilian Health Minister said the Games will also be held in August, which is usually not a lot of mosquitoes breed.
Notifications submitted by the authorities Rio comes amid concerns tarhadap Zika case in America, from the international community.
Brazil is the largest region of the spread of the virus that cause disability in newborn babies, of mothers who are bitten by mosquitoes such as pregnancy.
US health agency, Canada and the European Union have issued a warning to pregnant women to avoid traveling to Brazil and other countries in America which found cases of Zika virus spread.

Babies born with small heads are expected to encounter difficulties in his life.
What the Zika virus?
Spread through the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which also cause dengue fever and yellow fever.
First discovered in Africa in the 1940s but is now spreading to Latin America.
Scientists say there is the discovery of evidence related to microcephaly, which causes babies born with small heads.
Zika virus causes fever and spots, which most people have no symptoms and no known cure.
One of them is a way to eradicate Zika clearing stagnant water where mosquitoes breed, and preventing mosquito bites.

Pregnant women are not advised because of the outbreak of Zika virus.

El Salvador Ministry of Health workers fumigate houses in Soyapango. The Government of El Salvador has begun a three-day cleanup campaign to eradicate mosquitoes that spread the virus Zika.
Officials in the four countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have warned women not to get pregnant in the middle of their concerns about the disease that causes severe disability since birth.
Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador and Jamaica recommend women to delay pregnancy until more is known about the Zika virus carried by mosquitoes.
This warning was issued after the outbreaks in Brazil.
Brazil said the number of babies born with the disease is suspected microcephaly - or abnormally small head - has reached nearly 4,000 since October.
Meanwhile, the health authorities in the United States also warned pregnant women not to travel to more than 20 countries in the Americas where Zika cases have been recorded.
The relationship between microcephaly and Zika still unconfirmed - but a small number of infants who died were found to have the virus in their brains, and there is no other explanation for the surge in cases of microcephaly.
The virus is not contagious and usually makes people feel the symptoms just like the flu.

Brazilian activists would submit a petition for the legalization of abortion has Zika virus disease.

A group of lawyers in Brazil, activists and scientists called for the Supreme Court to allow abortion for women affected by Zika virus.
Zika, cause microcephaly, which is related to brain damage in the fetus.
Abortion is illegal in Brazil except in cases that endanger the health or rape, and since 2012 and is also permissible in the case of abnormal brain condition anencephaly.
Experts warn three of the four million people may be infected Zika in America this year.
Meanwhile, Thomas Bach, head of the International Olympic Committee IOC, said a number of measures were taken to prevent transmission during world sports event was held in Rio de Janeiro.

IOC will issue guidelines for the prevention for athletes and spectators in the Olympic games, on Friday.
Petition to urge that legalized abortion will be submitted to the Supreme Court within two months.
The reason given in the petition as "countries of Brazil is responsible for the spread of Zika" and not eradicate Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit the virus.
Brazilian women "should not be penalized as a consequence of a lack of policy," said the petition.
Governments in four countries of Latin America and the Caribbean suggest that pregnant women are not following the distribution of Zika virus.
The group behind the lawsuit has also won an exception for cases of anencephaly in 2012.

Zika virus spread in Brazil is the worst compared to other American states, with 270 cases of microcephaly have been confirmed by the health ministry and other 3.448 were still being investigated.
A law professor at the University of Brasilia, Debora Diniz, told the BBC that the disease is more experienced by the poor.
Zika was first discovered in Uganda in 1947, but never became a large outbreaks as happened in Brazil. South American countries have reported cases of transmission Zika first time in May 2015 ago.
World Health Organization says between 500,000 and 1.5 million people have been infected in Brazil and the virus has spread in more than 20 countries in the region.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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Publihed Date: 02 February 2016 at 09:04

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Commodities and Conservation.

Napoleon fish, napoleon wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus or on one side promises a very high gain and a source of livelihood for fishermen. But on the other hand large reef fish has become one of the rare animal with endangered status (Endangered) by the IUCN Red List and is listed in Appendix II of CITES that trade is restricted. Napoleon fish sandwiched between an economic commodity and conservation.

Napoleon fish in English is known by several names such as Giant Wrasse, Humphead, Humphead Wrasse, Maori Wrasse, Napoleon Wrasse, Truck Wrasse, and undulate Wrasse. While the scientific name of this animal is Cheilinus undulatus.

Know the Napoleon fish.

Napoleon wrasse is a large reef fish species that live in tropical waters. Napoleon fish size can reach 2 meters and weigh 190 kg. When young, napoleon fish looks pale with vertical stripes are darker. After adulthood, the body color turns bluish green with stripes clearer. At the top of his head and over the eyes are bejolan typical sort of hump. Her lips look thicker and larger. Another distinctive feature is the presence of irregular scratches on the face. Napoleon fish sightings at a glance looks like a 'Beast'.

As reef fish, Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) inhabit the coral in tropical areas with depths between 2-60 meters and solitary life. Spreading region covering the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. This region includes several places in Indonesia like waters Anambas and Wakatobi waters.

This rare fish food is molluscs, small fish, sea urchins, crustaceans, shellfish, sea cucumbers, sea worms and other invertebrates. These fish are looking for food by destroying the corals die with big teeth. Even teeth were able to break the shells and then take the meat.

Napoleon fish is a hermaphrodite or animals can change sex. Napoleon fish are born as females, while adults can turn sex into a male.

Commodities Vs Conservation Economics.

Napoleon wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) into a very lucrative economic commodity. This fish is sold either as fish or fish consumption are especially valuable as expensive in some countries ethnic Chinese. One kilogram of fish is priced very expensive at between Rp. 500 thousand to Rp. 700 thousand. This makes the hunting of these fish is always rife.

Though the status of reef fish is very alarming. IUCN Red List include the status of endangered species (endangered) while CITES lists them as Appendix II (trade is limited and strictly supervised). Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHKA) had been set up the capture and trade of this napoleon fish such as providing a quota for each region as well as the provision of fish weight may be exported only with a napoleon fish weighing between 1-3 kg.

But the more the fish Gorgon but high economic value is increasingly endangered. Poaching and illegal trade continue to occur even in ways that destroy nature and exceeded the quota and conditions that have been set. Coupled with the difficulty of cultivation can be done. Cultivation of fish species can only be limited to enlargement with seed collection from nature. This recall spawning (hatching outside the original habitat) very difficult with a success rate of only 2-3% only.

It took hard work of the relevant agencies to control hunting and trade of this species. Also need awareness of all parties that the economic value is very high although it will be meaningless if it ignores conservation.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86 @ gmail.
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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Date Published: 01 February 2016 at 15:44

Tag : Commodities and Conservation.

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Napoleon fish.

Napoleon fish or fish Napoleon Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is a large reef fish from family members Labridae, the size can be up to 2 m and a weight of 190 kg. Napoleon fish are mainly found in coral reefs in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. This fish has a hermaphrodite reproductive patterns protogini with distribution in the territorial waters of the Indian-Pacific. Napoleon fish is a type of reef fish that have interesting attraction for divers to enjoy a tour of the underwater world.

Description.

This fish is called an Australian by the name of Hump Head Maori Wrasse, which are distinguished because the face has ridges that resemble faces of Maori decoration. Strokes are cream-colored (yellow milk) that overlap each other on the nose and cheeks, then extends to the upper body and the opposite ends of the pectoral fins. Her body was plated with a bright green color and at the top throughout the entire fins brown. The length of this fish can reach 1.5 meters. And some fish can reach sizes of up to 180 kg at the age of 50 years. When young, napoleon fish looks pale with vertical stripes darker. Once mature, the color of his body became bluish green with clearer lines. Lips thickened kinds of Mick Jagger lips. The top of her head, above the eyes, be bumps ahead. Because of its hump, one was named head humped Wrasse (Humphead wrasse). His face has irregular stripes. Behind the eyes, there are two short lines are black. "Scratches" This black ornaments resembling a face Maori in New Zealand. Thus, napoleon fish also received another nickname, Maori wrasse.

Habitat.

Napoleon fish (Cheilunus undulatus) is one of the large reef fish that live in the tropics Animal life is generally similar to other reef fish that live in solitary. The divers usually find these fish swim alone in the area around the reef. And is usually very benign with divers. These fish are usually not disturbed by the activities of the divers. The habit of living alone at a certain depth makes this animal is anticipated by the divers to see or even photographing these animals. Usually the fish swim own feeding area near the reef, because the food in the form of some kind of sea urchin, mollusk and crustacean indeed many are in the area around the reef.

How to eat.

Way of eating is to dismantle the dead coral with teeth the size to look for snails and worms-worms are buried. They loved to eat the shells are sized like Triton. This fish is able to break the shells of shellfish is easy for meat. Sound scour his mouth when eating, it is very attractive for divers to be likened to a group of children who were eating candy. Sometimes it is also a big fish is sharpening his teeth on rock massif (solid) that leave streaks amazing.

Reproduction.

This fish has a pattern of reproduction hermaphrodite protogini. Usually the fish is born as males and females will turn into just before adulthood. So sometimes found the male dominance on the fish population and the small to medium size will be changed to the dominance of the female population while approaching mature gonads. This is indeed a unique phenomenon in nature that is one strategy mostly marine animals to preserve the lives of their populations. Here the male napoleon fish there are two types, namely those who are born as males and males remain as true until the end of life, and those who begin life as females and during the next life changed as a function of the male. Change into females usually occurs after the age of 5-10 years or less body weight of 10-15 kg. However, the change of sex and how sex change occurs is still a mystery. There are a number of factors are expected to drive change gender earlier. Namely the relationship between male Napoleon wrasse and social dominance, or in more specific terms, the size of his body. Napoleon fish females lay eggs throughout the year on the edge or the outer slope of the reef. The spawning process occurs in groups or in pairs. Laying activities in the group were dramatic. The activity began with around together slowly to form a group. When members of the group grow, they swim faster and faster, eventually increasing to form a large group meeting. At the height of the frenzy before, the whole group rose toward the surface of the sea and then lightning-fast turn and leaving a mass of eggs and sperm at the back which immediately carried away by the current. If the process is done in pairs spawn, the males prepare a nesting site on a piece of rock or stone striking. From here he attracted the attention of a passing female, which roughly gives hope. How, over potential mates he moves up and down and shook his body as he swam back. When ready to accept courtship, the female will reciprocate by giving the signal that male fish to ask for her hand. Proud female is arched to form the letter "S" while showing belly containing eggs. They then lay their eggs in a movement up and down rapidly to the surface. Laying process is short-lived in a day, depending on local conditions. In areas with strong tidal currents, spawning occurs just after the peak of high tide, the ideal situation to move the eggs to the outside reef

Conservation.

Due to the impact of overfishing for the live reef fish trade, napoleon fish declining wild population. Fishing napoleon generally use cyanide poison and damage the coral reef ecosystem. Napoleon fish is a fish that takes a long time to reach reproductive age mature. Napoleon fish become sexually mature at the age of 5 to 7 years (in sizes 40-60 cm). Fish Napoloen in Negara Malaysia, and the Philippines, it was not to be caught and traded. Australia prohibits all take and have a Napoleon fish. Indonesia allowing fishing only for research, mariculture, and fishing folk licensed. Research IUCN in 2005 in North Sulawesi, Bali, Raja Ampat, and NTT showed that habitat is under pressure (target arrest) is very high, napoleon fish is very rare, but when the fish do not become the target fish fisherman divers can still find species. The survey results show that the density of Napoleon in Kangean-Bali is only 0.04 per ha, Bunaken-Sulawesi 0, 38 per ha, Raja Ampat 0.86 per ha, NTT 0.18 per ha, Maratua 0.15 per ha, Banda 1.6 per ha. According to Sadovy in his presentation, due to the impact of overfishing for the live reef fish trade, napoleon fish susceptible (vulnerable) to extinction. Therefore, due to a drastic decline in many places causing napoleon fish put in the IUCN red list (Endangered) in 2004 and Appendix II of CITES in 2005.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86 @ gmail.
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/02/napoleon-fish.html
Date Published: 01 February 2016 at 15:13

Tag : Napoleon fish.
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