Who is not familiar with ginger, hebral plant that was very popular in Indonesia and around the world. In Indonesia alone, ginger is often used to make wedang, bandrek, sekoteng, or other drinks that warm the body. One type of ginger is beneficial for the health of red ginger.
Red Ginger is now increasingly captured the hearts of the people, one reason is because the red ginger plant is easy and practical, but the results are quite favorable. Red ginger cultivation is not much dependent on location, weather, and other factors. Indeed, some have managed to cultivate red ginger in the bag or polybag.
A red ginger farmers stated that the planting of red ginger using polybags do not bother and do not need extensive land but the results are satisfactory. When planting red ginger using a polybag also shorter, requiring only 8 to 10 months than have to wait for more than 1 year if planted in the ground.
Red Ginger plant in polybag.
1. Prepare seeds.
Take seeds from the garden. Choose seeds that are old, aged 10 months upwards and the size is large, brightly colored, healthy and smooth. Drying red ginger rhizome but not to dry and store at room temperature for 1-1.5 months.
2. Treat Seed.
Break the seeds by hand into 3-5 buds, then dry in the sun all day. Insert the pieces into a container with holes then dip the container in a solution of fungicide and regulators for 1-2 minutes, then drain.
3. Prepare the seedling beds and sowing seeds.
Bed soil clean of weeds and sowing with a thickness of sawdust / chaff from 5 to 10 cm. Sowing again with fine sand thickness of 5 cm and then put the seeds in rows on it. Cover the top and attach the bamboo 40 cm at the bend and then cover with plastic. Seeding process is done until the age of 3 to 5 weeks.
4. Growing Media.
Prepare fine sand, manure, husk fuel / ash, soil, dolomite, microbial stater, then stir evenly. Cover with plastic, repeatedly stirring every morning for 7-15 days and cover again with plastic.
5. Planting.
Prepare a black polybag or bag measuring 60 x 60 cm, bend it widens and enter the planting medium was prepared. Select and pry healthy nursery seedlings and then planted in large planting medium. Install paranet on the beds at 1.5 m for calm from the sun and rain.
6. Care.
How to plant red ginger in a polybag not require complicated maintenance. Watering only need to be done every 2-3 weeks and also flush water mixed organic fertilizers.If there is a disease or pest spray immediately with insecticides or organic fungicide. Every 25 days to add the planting medium thickness of 10 cm. Remove weeds around the red ginger if any.
By planting red ginger using this polybag, the best quality of red ginger harvest is usually obtained at the age of 9-10 months. To harvest the red ginger, shredded polybag but then shake by holding the stem of the plant until the soil attached to the tubers fall.
How to Plant and Elephant Ginger Cultivation.
Ginger elephant. Ginger (Zingiberceace officianale) is a rhizome plants are very popular as a spice and medicinal materials. Ginger comes from Asia Pacific from China to India. Therefore, these two nations was mentioned as one of the nation's first time utilizing ginger mainly for beverage ingredients, herbs and medicinal raw materials.
Ginger elephant, how to plant ginger, ginger benefits, cultivation of ginger, ginger in polybag, ginger harvest, the issue of ginger, ginger yields per hectare.
Ginger.
Ginger plants are divided into three Namely: Ginger white / small yellow ginger or ginger. Ginger has a small segment but the content of volatile oils is large enough so that it feels more pungent than other types of ginger Ginger is suitable for herbs, or to extract oleoresin and essential oil. The second is a kind of red ginger rhizome small like a small white ginger and also has many essential oil content results that are suitable for pharmaceutical. The next type of ginger white ginger / ginger large yellow or often called ginger.
From the name we can probably guess that kind of ginger-ginger with most of the larger size than other types of ginger so it's suitable to be cultivated. Because in addition to weighing ginger also has grown very large multiples of the initial seed we are planting (1 kg of seeds can be 10 Kg) and also relatively easy planting. So I want to suggest to Ginger cultivation, you should start with the cultivation of ginger. Why do I say the cultivation of ginger (ginger plants) it is even very easy.
The first of the other plants of the ginger plant is one plant that does not require a lot of land (20-40 tonnes / ha), and we often hear there are planting ginger in a bag or pot so evisiensi land and its management is very good.
Planting both relatively short lifespan ranging from 9-12 months makes us not have to wait too long to harvest. Try it if you compare us to plant crops such as albizia which takes about 4-8 years for the time of harvest or crop should we wait fruitful (5-10 years) we were only able to harvest the fruits.
The third treatment costs a bit, actually not a small hell. As I said earlier that the ginger plant is a plant that does not require a lot of land. There also we can conclude if be sure we do not need many workers for the care process even when planted.
Fourth, mainly planted ginger plant that is due to the growth of very large folds, for example, we have the seeds 1 kg, we will harvest 10 kg, if we get 10 kg of seed, we will harvest 100 kg onwards. We think it only has seeds 1 ton (1000 kg) and the price per kg at harvest is 10,000, -, please be calculated.
How to Grow Ginger.
Terms growing:
Climate
Ginger plant requires a relatively high rainfall, which is between 2500-4000 mm / year.
At the age of 2.5 to 7 months or more ginger plants need sunlight. In other words ginger planting is done in an open space so it gets sun all day.
For optimum air temperature ginger cultivation between 20-35 ° C.
Growing media
Ginger plant is best suited planted in soil fertile, friable and contains a lot of humus.
Good soil texture that is sandy loam, sandy clay and soil laterik. Ginger plant can be grown on soil acidity (pH) of approximately 4.3 to 7.4. But the soil acidity (pH) For optimum ginger is 6.8 to 7.0.
Altitude
Ginger grows well in tropical and subtropical areas with an altitude 0-2000 m above sea level ..
In Indonesia are generally planted at an altitude of 200-600 m above sea level.
Nurseries Ginger
Ginger Seed requirements: quality seeds are seeds that meet the quality requirements of genetic, physiological quality (percentage growth eminence), and physical quality. who referred to the physical quality of seeds that are free of pests and diseases.
Therefore, the criteria that must be met include:
Seed material taken directly from the garden (not market).
Selected materials from plant seeds that are old (aged 9-10 months).
Similarly selected from that plant rhizomes skin healthy and not injured or abrasions.
Seed Seeding Technique:
For the growth of plants that simultaneously or uniform, the seedlings should not be planted immediately should first germinated. The planting can be done with a wooden crate or bed.
Seeding in wooden crates:
That freshly harvested ginger rhizome is dried while (not dry), then stored around 1-1.5 months. The rhizomes break by hand where each piece has 3-5 buds and dried over 1 / 2-1 day.
The next part of the seed will be packed into air-woven sack rarely, and then soaked in a solution of fungicide and growth regulator about 1 minute, then drain. After it was put into a wooden crate. Do the seeding with a wooden crate as follows: at the bottom of the wooden coffin will be placed seed layer, then topped with ash or rice hulls, and so on so that the top is rice husk ash or such. After 2-4 weeks, ginger seed has been sown.
Seeding on the bed: Create a simple seeding house size 10 x 8 m to plant seeds 1 ton (needs ginger 1 ha). The seeding in the house made beds of hay as thick as 10 cm. Rhizome seeds will be arranged on beds of straw and hay were closed, and on it was given and given straw rhizomes anyway, and so on, so we get a 4-layer arrangement rhizome with the top in the form of straw.
Treatment of seedlings in beds can be done by watering every day and occasionally sprayed with fungicide. After 2 weeks, usually rhizome sprout leaves. When the seeds sprout chosen not to bring the results of low quality seed selection. Seed was broken for a broken hand and each piece has 3-5 buds and weighs 40-60 grams.
Ginger Seed Preparation: Before planting, the seedlings should be freed from the threat of disease by means of seeds are put into sacks and dipped in a fungicide solution of approximately 8 hours. Then the seed is dried for 2-4 hours, then planted.
Media Processing Plant
Land Preparation: To obtain optimal yields should be noted that the conditions required to grow ginger plants. When the acidity of the soil that does not fit into the soil acidity requisite ginger plant, it must be increased or decreased acidity with lime.
Clearing Processing begins with plowed soil depth less than 30 cm with the main goal of getting that loose soil conditions or crumbs and clearing weeds. After the land is left 2-4 weeks to allow toxic gases to evaporate and seedling diseases and pests will die in the sun. If at first soil tillage felt not too loose, it can be done tillage which both about 2-3 weeks before planting and also given a dose of manure 1500-2500 kg.
Formation of Beds: In areas that ugly soil water conditions and simultaneously overcome or prevent the occurrence of stagnant water, the soil should be processed into beds-size beds ith height of 20-30 cm, a width of 80-100 cm, while anjangnya adapted to land conditions.
Liming: In soil with a low pH, most of the nutrients in it, especially phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are not available or difficult to absorb. This acidic soil conditions that can be the media development of some disease-causing fungus Fusarium sp and Pythium sp. Liming also serves to add an element which is indispensable potassium plants harden For that woody parts of plants, stimulating the formation of root hairs, strengthens the cell walls of the fruit and stimulates the formation of seeds.
Acidity <4 (the most acidic): needs dolomite> 10 tonnes / ha.
5 acidity (acid): dolomite needs 5.5 tons / ha.
The degree of acidity 6 (slightly acidic): dolomite needs 0.8 tons / ha.
Planting techniques Ginger.
Pattern Determination of Plants: The cultivation of ginger in monoculture in a particular area was considered quite reasonable, because it can provide high-production and production. But in the area, cultivation of ginger in monoculture less acceptable because it always result in losses. Planting ginger intercropped with other crops have the following advantages:
Reduce losses attributable price fluctuations.
Reduce the cost of labor, such as: power plant maintenance work.
Improve land productivity.
Improved physical properties and preserved land due to low growth of weeds (weeds). Practice in the field, there is ginger that intercropped with vegetables, such as cucumbers, onion, chili, beans and others. There is also distinguished intercropped with food crops, such as corn, peanuts and some other nuts.
Hole Making Plant: to avoid the growth of ginger unsightly, because groundwater conditions are bad, then it must be processed into a seedbed soil-bed. Next make a small hole or groove 3 to 7.5 cm for planting seedlings.
Planting:
Planting is done by attaching a seed rhizomes in fall into the planting hole or groove prepared.
The period Planting: Planting ginger should be done at the beginning of the rainy season around September and October. This is possible because the young plants will need water pretty much For growth.
Plant Maintenance.
Stitching :
Approximately 2-3 weeks after planting, should be held To see rhizome who die. If so should be implemented immediately in order to seed growth embroidery stitching was not far behind with other plants, it is better to choose seeds and rhizomes that both correct maintenance.
Weeding :
The first weeding is done when the plants are 2-4 weeks old ginger followed by 3-6 weeks. Depending on the condition of the weeds that grow. But after a 6-7 month old ginger, weeding must be done again, because at that age the rhizome of his great start.
Crumble. :
Ground ginger plant requires that the circulation of air and water can work well, it must be made friable soil. Moreover, the purpose of hoarding ginger to it sometimes comes to the surface of the ground. If the plant is young ginger, thin enough hoeing soil around the clump with a distance of about 30 cm.
In the following month can be deepened and widened whenever hoarding formed gubidan and also establish a functioning irrigation system to drain excess water. Hoarding first performed at the time of the ginger plant forming clumps consisting of 3-4 pseudo stem, generally hoarding done 2-3 times during the life of the ginger plant. However, depending on the soil conditions and the amount of rain.
Fertilization :
Organic Fertilization:
On the organic farm that does not use chemicals, including fertilizers and drugs, then the organic fertilizer by using organic compost or manure performed more frequently compared to when we use artificial fertilizers. The organic compost fertilizer is carried out in the early planting when creating ridges as basal fertilizer as much as 60-80 tons per hectare which is stocked and mixed land preparations.
To save the use of compost can also be done by way of filling each planting hole at the beginning of the planting of 0.5 - 1kg per plant. Fertilizer insertion is then performed at the age of 2-3 months, 4-6 months and 8-10 months. The insertion of fertilizers as much as 2-3 kg per plant. Composting is usually done after weeding activities and along with hoarding activities.
Conventional fertilization:
In addition to the basic fertilizer (at the beginning of the planting), ginger plants need to be given a second supplementary fertilizer (at 2-4 months old plants). Fertilizer use is the basis of organic fertilizers 15-20 tons / ha. Fertilization used the second phase of manure and fertilizers (urea 20 grams / tree; TSP 10 grams / tree; and ZK 10 grams / tree), and K2O (112 kg / ha) on the plant that is 4 months old. Fertilization is also done with nitrogen fertilizer (60 kg / ha), P2O5 (50 kg / ha), and K2O (75 kg / ha).
P fertilizer is given at the beginning of planting, fertilizer N and K are given at the beginning of the planting (1/3 dose) and the rest (2/3 dose) given at the time the plants are 2 months old and 4 months. Given the spread fertilizer evenly around the plant or in the form of a groove and planted on the sidelines of the plant.
Irrigation and Watering:
Ginger plants do not need water that is too much For its growth, but at the beginning of planting crops cultivated in the early rainy season around September;
Pesticide Spraying Time:
Pesticide spraying should be done from the time that the storage seed For sowing and during maintenance. Spraying pesticides on the maintenance phase is usually mixed with a liquid organic fertilizer or vitamins that promote the growth of ginger.
Ginger plant pests.
Pests that found in ginger plant is:
Ladybug, attacking the leaves of the plant until the holes.
Caterpillar bow root, to attack the root of the ginger plant, causing ginger plants become dry and die. Beetle.
Ginger Plant Disease
Wilt disease bakeries
Symptoms: At first, the bottom of the leaf blade folding and rolling then the color changes from green to yellow and dry up. Then shoots the stem to rot and eventually the plant will die. When observed, rhizomes sick was dark and a bit of rot, rhizome that will cut out the mucus is creamy white to brownish. The disease attacks the ginger plant at the age of 3-4 months and that the most influential factor is that the cold air temperature, waterlogging and soil conditions that are too moist.
Control: Health insurance ginger seed; that ginger plant quarantine disease; control by tillage that good; control fungicide Dithane M-45 (0.25%), Bavistin (0.25%).
Rhizome rot disease
The disease can go into seed ginger through a wound. He will grow well at temperatures 20-25 degrees C and continue to grow eventually cause the rhizomes to rot.
Symptoms:
Lower leaves which turn yellow and wither and eventually plant death.
Control:
The use of seeds that healthy;
Implementation of the cropping pattern that good;
The use of fungicides.
Leaf spot disease
This disease can be transmitted with the help of the wind, will enter through cuts or no cuts.
Symptoms:
At that leaves patches of 3-5 mm size, then the patches were gray in the center, there are black spots, while the edges of wet rot. Plants that attacked would die.
Control: either precautions or spraying the leaf spot disease as well as the ways that are described above.
Weeds
Potential weeds in cropping buffoonery is weed the garden include sedges, reeds, ageratum, and other broadleaf weeds.
Pest / disease organically
In organic farming that does not use hazardous chemicals but rather with the materials that environmentally friendly is usually done in an integrated manner from the beginning of planting to avoid pests and diseases is familiar with IPM (Integrated Pest Management) that its components are as follows:
Ensuring a healthy plant growth which is choosing healthy seeds that are free of pests and diseases and pests resistant to attack from the start cropping.
Utilizing the maximum extent possible natural enemies.
Use of improved varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases.
Using physical control / mechanical ie by human power.
Using the techniques of cultivation that good example by choosing intercropping cultivation of plants that support each other, as well as crop rotation in each cropping period to cut their cycle potential spread of pests and diseases.
The use of pesticides, insecticides, natural herbicide that is environmentally friendly and does not cause toxic residues both in the harvested plant material which ma or on the ground. Besides, the use of this material only in emergencies based on economic damage levels that obtained from observations.
Some plants that can be used as a pesticide plant and used in pest control include:
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) For insecticide containing nicotine as a fumigant contact or stomach poison. For applications such small insects Aphids.
Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) containing pyrethrin, which can be used as a systemic insecticide that attacks the nerve center of that application by spray. Applications on insects such as houseflies, mosquitoes, ticks, warehouse pests, and fruit flies.
Tuba (Derris elliptica and Derris malaccensis) containing rotenone For contact insecticide which is formulated in the form of gusts and spray.
Neem tree or neem (Azadirachta indica) containing azadirachtin which works quite selective. Applications are particularly toxic to insects such as leafhoppers and insect pests chewers like leaf rollers (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). This material is also effective for tackling the virus attacks the RSV, GSV and Tungro.
Jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus) that its seeds contain pakhirizida rotenoid ie which can be used as insecticides and larvicides.
Jeringau (Acorus Calamus) that contains the main components asaron rhizomes and is usually used for poison insects and fungi exterminator and pest Callosobrocus warehouse.
Harvest.
- Typical characteristics and Ginger Harvest: Harvesting is done depends on the use of ginger itself. For when it needs food seasonings, then the ginger crop can be planted at the age of approximately 4 months by breaking some of the rhizome and the rest is left up to parents. If ginger ginger For marketed then harvested after quite old.
Age ginger plant that can be harvested between 10-12 months, with the characteristics of the leaves change color from green to yellow and the stems all dried up. Eg elephant ginger plants will dry at the age of 8 months and will last for 15 days or more.
How to Harvest:
The way that a good harvest, the soil carefully unloaded using a fork or hoe, sought not to hurt the ginger rhizome. Furthermore, soil and other debris that sticks to the rhizomes are cleaned and washed when necessary. After that ginger is dried on a board or banana leaves for about 1 week. Storage areas should be open, not humid and not too high accumulation but rather dispersed.
Harvest Period:
Time of harvest should be done before the rainy season, which is between the months of June to August. When the harvest is usually marked with the top soil dries. However, if it is not time to be harvested during the dry season the first year of this should be done in the dry season next year. Harvesting during the rainy season caused damage to the rhizome and degrade the quality of the rhizomes in connection with low active ingredient as more water content.
Estimated Yield:
For the production of fresh ginger ginger clones ranged between 15-25 tonnes / hectare, whereas clones For sunti ginger or ginger ranged between 10-15 tonnes / hectare.
POST-HARVEST.
Wet Sorting and Washing:
Sorting on fresh ingredients made to separate the rhizomes of impurities such as soil, crop residues and weeds. Once completed, weigh the amount of material sorting results and place it in a plastic container For laundering. Washing is done with clean water, if necessary sprayed with high pressure water.
Bilasannya water and if it still looks dirty doing rinsing once or twice again. Avoid washing that is too long for quality and it contains the active compound in insoluble in water. The use of river water should be avoided because they feared had been polluted by sewage and a lot of bacteria / disease. After washing is completed, drain the tray / container which belubang-hole so that the rest of the wash water left behind can be separated, after it was placed in a plastic container / bucket.
Perajangan:
If necessary perajangan process, done with stainless steel blades and a cover material that will be shredded with a cutting board. Perajangan rhizome is done across a thickness of about 5 mm - 7 mm. After perajangan, weigh the results and put it in a plastic container / bucket. Perajangan can be done manually or with the mower.
Drying :
Drying can be done in two ways, namely by sunlight or a heater / oven. rhizome drying is done for 3-5 days, or after the water level is below 8%. sun dried and done on a mat or frame dryer, make sure the rhizomes are not overlapped. During the drying must be inverted approximately every
4 hours so that drying evenly. Protect the rhizome of the water, the air that is moist and out of the surrounding material that could contaminate. Drying in an oven at temperature of 50 ° C - 60 ° C. The dried rhizome that will be placed on an oven tray and make sure that the rhizomes are not overlapped. After drying, weigh the amount of resultant rhizome.
Dry sorting:
Further sorting is done on dry material which has been dried by separating the materials from foreign objects such as gravel, soil or other impurities. Weigh the amount of rhizome of this sorting results (for calculating the yield).
Packaging :
Once clean, dry rhizome which is collected in a container of plastic bags or sacks that are clean and airtight (has never been used before). Give illuminating label on the container, which explains the name of the material, part of the plant material, the numbers / production code, the name / address of the producer, net weight and storage methods.
Storage :
Conditions warehouse must be kept moist and the temperature did not exceed 30 ° C and warehouses must have good ventilation and smooth, not leaking, to avoid contamination of other materials which degrade the quality of the fabrics in question, has a lighting elbow (avoid direct sunlight), as well as clean and free of pests warehouse.
About Harvest Ginger first 100 tons per hectare.
Genetically no ginger in Indonesia, or even in the world of production potential could be as high as it is. This is a limitation of genetic potential of 'sono'nya. The fact there is no field that exceeds this potential, generally always below its production potential. Ginger production hottest I have ever read in China simply pol in figure 88 tonnes per ha. That's just from one journal. Other journals are far below that, mostly below the 60 tonnes per ha. Below average again, 30-40 tons pe ha. In China and India, two of the top negra ginger producers in the world. In Indonesia, according to data from the BPS and the Ministry of Agriculture (Please in googling yourself), the production of the most good in the field is 27 tonnes per ha, there were reported up to 30 tonnes per ha. According Balitro, the potential production of approximately 35 tonnes per hectare for ginger. Ginger and red ginger only 1/3 to 1/2 of his course. In Indonesia there are no varieties of ginger production potential is very, very high production potential exceeds varieties of ginger from China or India. Why are the numbers misleading? Because if calculated production potential to be far above figures ginger production potential. Let's say, for the production of ginger 20 kg per polybag. If multiplied per ha, approximately equivalent to 120 tons per ha. If anyone says one shoots one polybag to be out 10 kg, mean the only almost 200 tons. THE IMPOSSIBLE. Farmers who have multiple harvests with polybag conveying system if one could be 3 kg polybags already good. If it can be 5 kg per polybag still be unreasonable, because by only about 30 tons. NORMAL. Most farmers complain if per polybag only be 1.2 kg or some even less than 1 kg.
Second Harvest Ginger About 10 Kg per polybag.
Ginger production can be estimated from the nutrients absorbed by plants ginger until production. There have been many studies that calculate how many plant nutrients needed for crop 1000 fresh ginger rhizome. Please read this link: Diet Ginger Plants. Can be counted anyway how NPK nutrient needs to be harvested 10 kg, 20 kg per polybag or 120 tons per ha. This new requirement, not real applications in the field. Reports in China, to be able to harvest 50 tonnes per ha, it takes as much as 1 ton of urea fertilizer. Buanyak huh. Now, if the calculated amount of nutrients contained in ginger planting medium, plus liquid fertilizer that is sprayed onto the plants as ginger, ginger value is far below that can be harvested. NPK nutrient that is in growing media can not be entirely absorbed by the ginger plant, only a small fraction. SO VERY POSSIBLE POLYBAG SIZE OF 60 CM X 60 CM CAN HARVEST 20 KG.
Third About Crop Yang Fair.
Pest and disease problems ginger. The cultivation of all crops no one can be free from pests and diseases. Moreover, ginger is ginger plant that is very susceptible to disease, particularly leaf spot disease and rhizome rot. More-over cultivation of ginger can not use chemical pesticides. Pests and diseases into one of the toughest challenges farmers ginger, especially ginger. Pests and diseases could make crop failure or discouraging the production of ginger.
Yields were reasonable.
Ginger harvest fair result in my opinion is 20-30 tons per hectare for ginger. Target production is higher, ie 40-50 tonnes per ha, it is still possible to use new varieties of ginger are very high potential. For red ginger and ginger can be 10-15 tons per ha is good. Yields per polybag to be 3 kg ginger is good, if it can be 5 kg per polybag need strong efforts and good fertilization, besides free of pests and diseases. Yields small ginger (red and CVD) may be 1.3 kg is good. From these figures, ginger farmers can calculate how much potential revenue at a fair market price. Ginger farmers can also set spending costs for the cultivation of ginger. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/how-to-grow-ginger.html
Published Date: December 12, 2015 at 12:29
Tag : How to Grow Ginger.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW
