The city of Florence.

Firenze (Latin: Florentia, English: Florence) is the capital of the province of Florence, Tuscany region, Central Italy. Split by the Arno River, in the foothills of the Apennine, the city population of 400,000 inhabitants. Firenze football club named Fiorentina.

The birthplace of the Renaissance, from the 14th century until 16, Firenze is known as a center of cultural, economic and financial importance in Italy and Europe that was dubbed "the Athens of the West".
Firenze is considered as the pioneer city of art and culture Italian revival. Literary works are born from great writers Firenze origin such as Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarch, written in the dialect of Tuscany which later evolved into the modern Italian language.
Most people who play a role in the development of many Renaissance was born in Florence and surrounding areas such as Giotto, Luca della Robbia, Botticelli, Verrocchio, Fra Angelico, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Figures other influential Firenze origin in various fields including Brunelleschi (architect), Donatello (sculptor), and Mosaccio (painter). Machiavelli and Guicciardini who is the father of modern politics and history were also born here. Galileo also come from Tuscany and the end of his life was spent in Firenze.
In addition to the cultural center, Firenze is the financial district and the trade in the past which is marked by the emergence of banks and companies belonging to the Medici wool, Recellai, Peruzzi, Pazzi and Bardi. Its currency at the time was Florin.
After the 16th century, the role of an important city decreased slightly but is still known as a cultural center. In 1865, Florence was chosen as the capital of Italy until 1871. After World War II, the citizens of Florence to rebuild the city and rise from ruin. Once recovered, the city is re-visited by tourists who want to enjoy the cultural arts that have been well-known since long. In addition to tourism as a source of foreign exchange, other areas also add to the prosperity of the economy such as wool processing, leather crafts, wood carvings, stone intarsia and women's clothing. Major exhibition of antiques held two times a year and visited by people from different countries.

Tourist spots.

Florence's historic center extends over a distance of 3 km in the Porta San Gallo in the north of the River Arno until Porta Romana in the south. In this area there are many historic buildings such as castles and ancient church which still retains the atmosphere of the Renaissance. Unlike the city of Rome which absorbs all the elements of ancient and modern Rome, Florence reject all non Renaissance influences. Roman influence is only visible from the road design like an ancient amphitheater.
There is little baroque-style buildings such as the church of San Gaetano and San Firenze which appears to contrast with the Renaissance scenery around him. Modern buildings did not stand out but one of them can cope well as Stadio Artemio Franchi (football stadium) designed in 1932 by Pier Luigi Nervi.

Piazza del Duomo is one of the historical district with the most important buildings such as the Duomo (cathedral style Italian) as Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence Cathedral) with towering dome designed by Brunelleschi. The main building of the cathedral-style Romanesque architecture designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, was built starting in 1296 and completed in 1436. Now the Cathedral of Florence made UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, the museum opened in 1891, contains the work of artists such as Luca della Robbia Florence, Donatello and Michelangelo, which was originally created to adorn the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore.

Campanile di Giotto or the Tower of Giotto Genta, located to the west of the Duomo, the height of 84 meters. Its construction was initiated by the Giotto between the years 1334-1337 and continued Andrea Pisano and Francesco Talenti.

Battistero di San Giovanni or San Giovanni Baptistery is octagonal baptistery decorated with marble and bronze portals, while the interior is decorated with Byzantine mosaics. Significant parts of the building that is the Porta del Paradiso (Heaven's Gate), made from 1425 to 1452 by Lorenzo Ghiberti. The south entrance of the building is designed Andrea Pisano of the year 1330-1338.

Orsanmichele or Chiesa di Orsanmichele (1337-1404) the church in the Via dei Calzaiuoli, between Piazza del Duomo and Piazza della Signoria. Originally was a warehouse for food, this Gothic-style building decorated with trefoil windows (leaf strand three). The niche-niche there are 14 statues of patron union Firenze designed Ghiberti, Nanni de Banco, Donatello and Verrocchio.

Piazza della Signoria, the square is dominated area of ​​the building Palazzo Vecchio (Vecchio Palace) which is a fortress. Now the town hall of Florence, was originally founded in the 13th century by Arnolfo di Cambio. Interior palace designed by Giorgio Vasari and his assistant in 1500. One of the most beautiful room in the Palazzo Vecchio is Studiolo di Francesco I, who used Francesco I de 'Medici (1541-1587) as a workspace. Done by Vasari, the room is filled with beautiful paintings and luxurious interior.

Loggia della Signoria or (1376-1383) is the hall inauguration of regents and the head monk in the past. At this time as a museum statues and carvings is the favorite of the tourists, among others Perseo con la testa in Medusa (Perseus and Medusa Head) (1554) by Cellini, Ratto delle sabine (Rape of Sabine Women) by Giambologna, Donatello works of Judith and Holofernes , imitation marble David by Michelangelo, and Mazocco (heraldie lion) by Donatello. At that time around this building with a fountain Fountain of Fortune (1575, by Bartolomeo Ammanati) is the center of government. On May 23, 1498 a reformist monk Girolamo Savonarola named Dominicans and two of his friends hanged and burned in the square near the loggia, as written in bronze warning sign on the sidewalk.

Uffizi or Galleria degli Uffizi, is a museum-gallery that is located between the Palazzo Vecchio and the Loggia della Signora. Built in 1560, this building collecting works of Renaissance most comprehensive in the world are arranged in chronological order to allow visitors to study the development of classical paintings are complete, ranging from Byzantine painting to the work of Giotto, such as Primavera, Nascita di Venere (Birth of Venus), Annunciazione or Annunciazione in Cestello (Notices) works of Boticelli, Adorazione dei Magi (Adoration of the Magi) by Leonardo da Vinci, Doni Tondo (Holy Family) by Michelangelo, Ritratto di Leone X con i Cardinali, Giulio de 'Medici e Luigi de' Rossi ( Image Painting Leo X with Two Cardinals) and Madonna del Cardellino (Madonna Bird Goldfinch) by Raphael.

Palazzo Bargello (Bargello Palace) or Palazzo del Popolo (People's Palace), is building a palace located in an area with narrow streets and winding near the Palazzo Vecchio. Originally was a prison and barracks which is now an art gallery.

Santa Croce, the area within a few blocks of the Palazzo Vecchio with the main buildings such as Piazza Santa Croce (Square of Santa Croce) and the Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross). Basilica di Santa Croce is the oldest Franciscan church in Florence. Here are the tombs of Michelangelo, Galileo and Rosini. Not far from the basilica there is the Cappella dei Pazzi (Pazzi Chapel) which resolved the 1460s with the design of Brunelleschi to the cost of the Pazzi family.

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (National Library of Florence), a large library building which is about one block from Santa Croce. The library is included as one of the most important in Italy and Europe. The collection includes incunabulum or incunabula, books printed in Europe before the year 1500, the books of the Renaissance, as well as a copy of every book published in Italy since 1870.

Basilica of Santa Maria Novella, the main church of the Dominicans who built late 13th century for the help wealthy families of Florence. The inside is decorated with fresco-fresco Gothic and early Renaissance.

Palazzo Medici Riccardi or Palazzo Medici (Medici Palace), is a palace located in the north of the Piazza del Duomo, was built between 1444 to 1464 for Cosimo de 'Medici, founder of the Medici clan, the design results in Bartolomeo Michelozzo (Michelozzo). Fresco in it was done by Benozzo Gozzoli from 1459 to 1463.

Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St. Lawrence), the church was completed in 1459. Located near the bustling market and settlement, the church is likely to have been established since the year 393, so it is considered one of the oldest churches in Florence. Here the Medici clan leader was buried, ranging from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III. Church interior is equipped with Corinthian style columns. Being one of the parts in it, Sagrestia Vecchia (Holy Sacristy), a sacristy which was completed in 1440 on the design of Filippo Brunelleschi and the Medici clan support. Together with the San Lorenzo there is also the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana (Laurentian Library) which collects 11,100 old manuscripts and 4,500 ancient books.

Piazza San Marco (San Marco Square), located north of IIstana Medicci Riccardi. The most important building in this area is the Basilica di San Marco, which is now used as the Museo Nazionale di San Marco which contains important collections of paintings of Fra 'Bartolomeo, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Alesso Baldovinetti, Jacopo Vignali, Bernardino Poccetti and Giovanni Antonio Soglian. Several blocks east of San Marco Square are square Piazza della Santissima Annunziata.

University of Florence, one of the Studium, medieval university (11th century to 12) where the commencement of the study Greek, located east of the Piazza San Marco. To the west there is the Galleria dell'Accademia (Academy Gallery), which store the renowned statue of Michelangelo's David that worked from 1501 until 1504.

Palazzo Pitti (Pitti Palace), one of the museums that collect the works of Renaissance largest in Firenze. Located in the south of the Arno River not far from the Ponte Vecchio bridge. The original building dates from the 1458's is designed by Brunelleschi and was once the residence of Lucca Pitti, one of the biggest banker Firenze. Palazzo Pitti is currently used as a royal palace so Firenze Italian capital in the 19th century. Here there is a collection of Titian, Andrea del Sarto, Raphael and Fra Filippo Lippi. Behind piazza are the gateway to the Boboli Gardens, the design of the 16th century. In the west of the park there is the Basilica di Santo Spirito, the church also designed by Brunelleschi. The church is known for its beautiful altar paintings were done from the 14th century up to 17. In the church there are the Cappella Brancacci with a lot of religious paintings. On the west side of the church there is also Piazza del Carmine, which is located in the San Frediano which became a center of arts and workers. Piazza is reconstructed after a fire in the 18th century complete with fresco.

Villa I Tatti, Settignano building in the hills northeast of the city which became the building Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies (Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies). This building was donated by Bernard Berenson, researchers Renaissance art.

Arno river and bridges.

Arno river flows westward through downtown Firenze. In the summer, the river is shallow, but heavy rain may result in major flooding, as happened in November 1966. There are 7 pieces of the bridge that crosses the River Arno in Florence, such as the Ponte Vecchio (1333) which is currently closed to vehicles. On top of the bridge there is a corridor which connects the Uffizi to the Palazzo Pitti. Ponte Vecchio is the only survivor of the bombing of the German army in World War II that brought down five other fruits, including the Ponte Santa Trinita work Ammanati Bartolommeo. Now the whole bridge has been reconstructed back plus one more bridge named Amerigo Vespucci, a great adventurer origin Firenze. To the south of the Ponte Vecchio there is Via Guicciardini, with small shops selling handicrafts marble, leather and carved cameo. To the south again, passing Palazzo Pitti Palazzo Guicciardini there.

Culture.

Art.
Florence has a legendary art heritage. Cimabue and Giotto, the father of Italian painting, lived in Florence as well as Arnolfo and Andrea Pisano, renewers of architecture and sculpture; Brunelleschi, Donatello and Masaccio, the ancestors of the Renaissance, Ghiberti and Della Robbias, Filippo Lippi and Angelico; Botticelli, Paolo Uccello and universal genius Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
Their works, along with those of other generations of artists, who gathered in the several museums of the city: the Uffizi Gallery, Palatina gallery with paintings from the "Golden Age", the Bargello with the sculptures of the Renaissance, the museum of San Marco with Fra Angelico's work, the Academy, the chapels of the Medicis Buonarroti house with sculptures of Michelangelo, the following museums: Bardini, Horne, Stibbert, Romano, Corsini, The Gallery of Modern Art, the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, museums and museum Silverware of Precious Stones. Great monuments is a cultural landmark Florentine art: the Florence Baptistery with the mosaic; Cathedral with the statue, medieval churches with bands of frescoes; public and private palaces: Palazzo Vecchio, Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Palazzo Davanzati; convent, monastery, refectories, the "Certosa". The archeology museum including documents Etruscan civilization. In fact the city is so rich in art that some visitors first experience the Stendhal syndrome because they find art for the first time.

Florentine architects like Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1466) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) is among the fathers of the Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture.
Cathedral, topped by Brunelleschi's dome, dominates the Florentine sky. The Florentines decided to start building it - at the end of the 13th century, without a design for the dome. The proposed project by Brunelleschi in the 14th century is the largest ever built at the time, and the first major dome built in Europe since Roman times two large domes - the Pantheon in Rome, and the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore remains the largest brick construction of its kind in the world.
In front of it is a medieval Baptistery. Two buildings incorporate in their decoration transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. In recent years, most of the important works of art of two buildings - and from close to Giotto's Campanile, was removed and replaced with a copy. The original is now housed in the Museum dell'Opera del Duomo, just east of the cathedral. Florence has a large number of art full of churches, such as San Miniato al Monte, San Lorenzo, Santa Maria Novella, Santa Trinita, Santa Maria del Carmine, Santa Croce, Santo Spirito, the Annunziata, Ognissanti and many others.

Artists associated with a variety of Florence from Arnolfo di Cambio to Giotto and Cimabue, Nanni in Banco, and Paolo Uccello; by Lorenzo Ghiberti and Donatello and Massaccio and family della Robbia, by Fra Angelico and Botticelli and Piero della Francesca, and to Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Others include Benvenuto Cellini, Andrea del Sarto, Benozzo Gozzoli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Filippo Lippi, Bernardo Buontalenti, Orcagna, Pollaiuolo, Filippino Lippi, Verrocchio, Bronzino, Desiderio da Settignano, Michelozzo, the Rossellis, the Sangallos, and Pontormo. Artists from other regions who worked in Florence, including Raphael, Andrea Pisano, Giambologna, Il Sodoma and Peter Paul Rubens.

Uffizi and Pitti Palace are two of the most famous picture galleries in the world. Two outstanding collection of sculptures are in the Bargello and Duomo Works Museum. They are filled with creations of Donatello, Verrochio, Desiderio da Settignano, Michelangelo and others. Accademia has Michelangelo's David - perhaps the most famous work of art anywhere, plus statues of Michelangelo's unfinished slave made for the tomb of Pope Julius II. Other tourist attractions include the medieval town hall, the Palazzo della Signoria (also known as Palazzo Vecchio), the Archaeological Museum, the Museum of the History of Science, Palazzo Davanzatti, Stibbert Museum, St. Marks, the Medici Chapel, Santa Croce Occupation Museum, Museum of the Cloister Santa Maria Novella, the Zoological Museum ("La Specola"), the Bardini, and the Museo Horne. There is also a collection of works by the modern sculptor, Marino Marini, in a museum named after him. Strozzi Palace is the site of a special exhibition.

Language.

Florentine (fiorentino), Spoken by residents of Florence and its surroundings, is Tuscan dialect and the direct parent language to modern Italian.
Vocabulary and pronunciation are largely identical to standard Italian, though hard c between two vowels (as in Ducato) is pronounced as a fricative [h], similar to an English h. This gives Florentines very recognizable accent (which is called gorgia toscana). Other characteristics include using a form of the subjunctive mood last commonly used in medieval times, the use of which is often in everyday conversation of modern subjunctive, and short pronunciation of the definite article, [i] instead of "il".
Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio pioneered the use of vernacular instead of Latin be used for most literary work at the time.

Literature.

Although Latin is the main language of the court and the church, authors such as Dante Alighieri and many others use their own language, Florentine dialect, in composing their works. The oldest pieces of literature written in the vernacular goes as far as the 13th century. Florence literature fully developed in the 14th century, when not only Dante in his Divine Comedy (1306-1321), and Petrarch, but also poets such as Guido Cavalcanti and Lapo Gianni composed their most important works. Dante is the "Divine Comedy", which mainly deals with the poet himself taking a tour allegorical and moral of Hell, Purgatory and finally Paradise, where he met a real mythological characters or various age or before. He first guided by the Roman poet Virgil, the non-Christian beliefs damned him to hell. Then he joined Beatrice, who guided him through Heaven.
In the 14th century, Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio leading literary scene in Florence after Dante's death in 1321. Petrarch is the author of all-rounder, writer and poet, but is primarily known for Canzoniere, or Book of the Great, where he delivered the love of unceasing her to Laura. The writing style is becoming known as Petrarchism. Boccaccio is better known for his Decameron, the story a bit gloomy Florence during the plague 1350s, known as the Black Death, when some people left stricken city into an isolated country house, and spend their time there telling stories and novels taken from century medieval and contemporary traditions. All of this is written in a series of 100 different novel.
In the 16th century, during the Renaissance, Florence is the hometown of political writer and philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli, whose ideas about how the authorities should set the ground, scattered Prince detail in European courts and enjoyed enduring popularity for centuries. These principles became known as Machiavellianism.

Music.

Florence became the center of music during the Middle Ages and the music and the performing arts remain an important part of the culture. During the Renaissance, there are four types of music patronage in the city associated with both sacred and secular music. Countries, companies, churches, and private and it is here that the Florentine Camerata was held in the mid 16th century and experimented with setting the story of Greek mythology to music and staging the result-in other words, the first operas, setting the wheels in motion not only for further development from the opera form, but for the later development of separate "classical" forms like the symphony.
Opera is found in Florence in the late 16th century.
Composers and musicians who have lived in Florence, including Piero Strozzi (1550 - after 1608), Giulio Caccini (1551-1618) and Mike Francis (1961-2009).

Cinema.

Florence has been the setting for numerous works of fiction and movies, including the novels and movie-related, such as Light in the Piazza, Calmi Cuori appassionati, Hannibal, A Room with a View, Tea with Mussolini and Virgin Territory. This town is home to the famous Italian actors and actresses, such as Roberto Benigni, Leonardo Pieraccioni and Vittoria Puccini.

Cuisine.

Florentine food grows out of a tradition of farmers eat rather than cook a thin high. Most dishes are based on meat. The whole animal was traditionally eaten; tripe, (trippa) and (lampredotto) once regularly on the menu and still are sold at food carts stationed throughout the city. Antipasti include crostini Toscani, sliced ​​bread rounds topped with a chicken liver-based Pate, and sliced ​​meats (mainly prosciutto and salame, often served with melon when in season). Saltless typically Tuscan bread, obtained with natural levain frequently features in Florentine courses, especially in his soup, ribollita and pappa al Pomodoro, or in a salad of bread and fresh vegetables called panzanella that is served in summer. The bistecca alla fiorentina is large (the size customary to consider about 1200 grams - "40 oz.") - The "date" steak - T-bone steak that of Chianina beef cooked over hot charcoal and served very rare with earlier versions recently originated, the 'Tagliata, thinly sliced ​​beef served with arugula put to sleep way, often with slices of parmesan cheese on top. Most of these courses are usually served with olive oil, also a prime product enjoying a worldwide reputation.

Research activities.

Research institutes and university departments located in the Florence area and within two campuses in Novoli and Polo Polo Scientifico di Sesto Fiorentino as well as in the Research Area of ​​Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.

Science and discovery.

Florence has become an important scientific center for centuries, especially during the Renaissance with scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci.
Florentines is one of the driving forces behind [Age [Discovery]]. Florentine bankers financed Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese explorers who pioneered the route around Africa to India and the Far East. It is a map drawn by the Florentine Paulo del Pozzo Toscanelli, a student of Brunelleschi, that Columbus used to sell "the company" to the king of Spain, and that he used on his first voyage.
Gallileo and other scientists pioneered the study of optics, ballistics, astronomy, anatomy, and so on. Pico della Mirandola, Leonardo Bruni, Machiavelli, and many others laid the foundation for our understanding of political science.

Fashion.

By the year 1300 Florence has been a center of textile production in Europe. Many rich families in Renaissance Florence is the main buyer of fine clothing is produced locally, and the importance of fashion in the economy and culture of Florence during the period that is often underestimated. Florence is considered by some as the birthplace and center of the beginning of the modern (post World War Two) in the Italian fashion industry. The Florentine "soirees" of the early 1950s held by Giovanni Battista Giorgini is the event where some of the now famous Italian designers participated in group exhibitions and first garnered attention internationally. Florence has served as the home of the Italian fashion company since 1928. Salvatore Ferragamo Gucci, Roberto Cavalli, Emilio Pucci and also based in Florence. Other major players in the fashion industry such as Prada and Chanel have large offices and stores in Florence or its outskirts. The main shopping street is an upscale Florence Via de 'Tornabuoni, where the great fashion houses of luxury and jewelry labels, such as Armani and Bulgari, have their elegant boutiques. Via del Parione and Via Roma is in the other streets are also famous for their high-end fashion stores.

Awakening history.

Scoppio del Carro.
The Scoppio del Carro ("Explosion Basket") is a celebration of the First Crusade. During Passover, the wagon, the Florentines call brindellone and led by four white bulls, brought to the Piazza del Duomo Baptistery of St. John the Baptist (Battistero di San Giovanni) and Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore). Carts connected by a rope to the inside of the church. Near the cart is no model of a dove, which, according to legend, is a symbol of good luck for the city: at the end of the Easter mass, dove emerged from the middle of the Duomo and burn fireworks in the basket.

Calcio Storico.

Calcio Storico Fiorentino ("Historic Florentine Football"), sometimes called Calcio costume, is a traditional sport, which is regarded as the pioneer of football, although the actual gameplay most closely resemble rugby. This event comes from the Middle Ages, when the most important Florentine nobles entertained themselves playing while wearing bright costumes. The most important match was played on February 17, 1530, during the [Siege [of Florence (1529-1530) | siege of Florence.]] That day Papal troops besiged the city while the Florentines, the humiliation of the enemy, decided to play the game despite the situation. The game is played in Piazza Santa Croce. A temporary arena built, with bleachers and a sand-covered playing field. A series of games played between four teams representing each quartiere (quarter) of Florence during late June and early July.
There are four teams: Azzurri (light blue), Bianchi (white), Rossi (red) and Verdi (green). Azzurri is a quarter of Santa Croce, Bianchi of Santo Spirito quarter, Verdi is from San Giovanni and Rossi from Santa Maria Novella.

Tradition.

The Third Countship of Florence.
The fourth of four counts and countesses of Florence has a great tradition but hidden dating back to the early 20th century when the family left the preferred Tuscan cities to Malta and the youngest daughter of the family that was declared Contessa in Morabitto Florenze Morabitto Countess of Florence. To date there are eight members Countship, six live in Malta, one in English and one stay in Italy. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

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Romantic places.

Valentine could not be separated with a romantic impression. Exchanging gifts at a dinner with a different atmosphere would have become your plan with a partner. But, have you ever imagined a vacation in a romantic place in the world? Some of the most romantic city in the world that matches a visit with family.

Paris, France.

You certainly agree with this one option. Paris was really the city for people who are in love. Wherever your feet step, has been waiting for the perfect moment: walking along the Seine, share gorgeous crepe cafe, take a walk down the museum, or kissing near the Eiffel Tower.

Florence, Italy.

Here you're not going to refuse the charm of Florence. Visiting Florence means you can indulge yourself with a bunch of some of the best Italian food and wine. Hand in hand with the pair passed the new road, the beauty of the River Arno and the cathedral make the atmosphere more romantic. Not only that, you also can sit back on the Ponte Vecchio or climb Giotto's Bell Tower is famous.

Prague, Czech Republic.

Walk along the river Vltava or enjoy the natural beauty of the cable-car to the top of Petrin Gardens will be an unforgettable experience for couples who want to share the love. If you want a more romantic atmosphere, come in the evening to enjoy the beauty of the city lights.

Sydney, Australia.

Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Opera House and the beauty of the beaches become a major destination for tourists who visited the largest city in Australia. But, not only three sites that make Sydney claimed to be romantic. You can swim at Camp Cove Beach, take the ferry to Taronga Zoo or just hang out in the cafe with a beautiful view of the harbor

Buenos Aires, Argentina.

You want to try dance tango with a partner, why not try to come to the center? Elegant and clean, Buenos Aires also has historic buildings, lovely parks, and trees that create shade the streets. If you're curious about tango dance professionals, can come to a milonga or if you want to look for antiques, can visit the antiques market in San Telmo.

Kyoto, Japan.

Rows of temples and historic castle into a tourist attraction visited Kyoto. The historic buildings will increasingly pamper you when the cherry blossom season or colorful flowers in autumn landscape dominated Kyoto.

Santorini, Greece.

Santorini is a favorite place of tourists and is regarded as the most romantic places in Europe. If you want to freely enjoy the beauty of Santorini, came when there was peak season, because when it's not too many visitors.

Bruges, Belgium.

If you want to enjoy the romantic city with canals as the main sights, forget Venezia in Italy is too crowded and went to Bruges. Here, the atmosphere is not as busy as Venezia so you can stroll along the canal while holding hands. Not only that, you also can visit Minnewater Park to see the numbers on the Lake of Love.

Jaipur, India.

The town is known as the Pink City is presenting parks, monuments and heritage hotel of the 18th century that reminds you to Eaja Pajput era. Markets in Jaipur are also surprised to arouse you. Elephant ride to Amber Fort, shooting went around in the fountain Jaldhara or rickshaw ride to the Jaigarh Fort at sunset will be an unforgettable experience.

Marrakech, Morocco.

City in southwest Morocco is known as the "Pearl of the South," or "City of God" because of the beauty and romance. The city's medieval Similarly, various landmark with a unique architecture you can explore with your partner. Feels like while enjoying dating back to the past, romantic.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: August 1, 2015 at 15:54

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Church of Satan in Indonesia.

Church of Satan (GS) is estimated to enter in Indonesia in the 1990s and began to be heard in public in late 1995. According to people who never participated and has been freed from the bondage of this GS, GS church in Indonesia has reached thousands of people and housed in big cities such as Jakarta, Manado, Semarang, Bandung, and others.

Satanic Church history.

The Church of Satan was first established in San Francisco, California, on 30 April 1966 by Anton Szandor LaVey. Anton LaVey himself became High Priest in the church until his death in 1997.

The forerunner of the Church of Satan actually comes from an association called "The Order of the Trapezoid" (members of this association which later became the governing body of the Church of Satan) which was formed in 1950 by Anton LaVey.

The first members of satanic church administrators are :

- Carin de Plessen (who grew up in the royal palace of Denmark)
- Dr. Cecil Nixon (magician, eccentric, and the inventor of the automaton)
- Director Kenneth Anger, City Assessor Russell Wolden
- Donald Werby
- Anthropologist Michael Harner
- Writer Shana Alexander, and
- Anton Szandor LaVey (who later became the high priest of the Church of Satan)

In the first year of its formation, the Church of Satan was mentioned in many news and the topic of magazine and newspaper articles during the 1960s and 1970s. The issue that most attention at that time was Satan wedding ceremony between Judith Case with radical journalist John Raymond. The wedding ceremony was photographed by Joe Rosenthal, known by his photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima during World War II.

In the development of the Church of Satan was known to the world through the media in the 1980s. Even in the 1980s and 1990s GS and its members are very active in producing movies, music, and magazines related to Satanism.

What is meant by Satanism is all things mystical and worships Satan, as occultisme, promiscuity, idolatry, immoral actions, etc. In Indonesia alone actually practice Satanism has become flesh, because it is done by our ancestors. Such practices such as shamanism, witchcraft, all things mystical (Indonesia itself is a highly viscous state with mystical cultures even today). Although such practices (eg shamanism) for the purpose of good intentions, but nonetheless it is a practice of Satanism.

In the period 1980-1990's Church of Satan managed to increase the number of their congregations, but the longer they are increasingly challenged the existence of society. Therefore they moved to California.

According to the congregation of the Church of Satan who were rescued, the Church of Satan has 4 groups:

* The Mou Mou
* Children Of God
* Dragon Team
* Satan Web

It is known that the organizational structure of the Church of Satan (GS) is very neat. The top level is the culprit reinforcements lucifer / king who should be worshiped. While underneath is the Prince of Michael. Then, under the Prince of Michael, there are four such groups.

Dragon Team.

Dragon Team (Team Dragon) is led by a man named Ryan, from the city of Pittsburg, USA. This team consists of 12 people and includes Team Elite GS. Not just anyone can enter the dragon team. Following dragon team, underneath there is 'The Mou-Mou' and 'Satan Web (Network Satan)' and 'Children of God'.

Each group is composed of 250 members. Each new member immediately registered and recorded his name neatly. Which became a member not careless people. They are the choice of mentally and intellectually. Their main target is New Kids big (youth / girls) were then manipulated as the spearhead of their movement.

Children of God (COG).

Of the four teams at the top, the group Children of God (COG) is the most well-known and never makes a scene Christians in Indonesia. Around 1990 COG into Indonesia. Learning leads towards immoral so criticized even condemned religious leaders.

As a result, the Attorney General has banned goods COG mold. Even the Director General Guidance urged Protestant church leaders in order to improve the coaching her congregation through a circular dated March 13, 1984 no. F / 26/930/84.

COG founder is David Brant Berg in Melrose, Oakland, California. Because of its teachings lead and smelled immoral (sex), then quickly pulled his teaching teenagers and young people in Indonesia. In a relatively short period of their members increase. In Jakarta alone he has reached 5000 people. Even the town of Purwokerto certainly there are 200 members of the COG.

COG quickly spread in Indonesia because of its activities covering many areas. Among others: Field of Literature, Music, Drama, Audio Visual, Language, etc. One doctrine / false teaching them is that Jesus is the result of an intimate relationship between God and Mary. (Which is in my opinion very abusive BIBLE, this doctrine also appear in the movie "The Davinci Code" that says there are holy bloodline / original lineage of Jesus with Mary)

Organizational structure.

- The highest leader is Lucifer, aka Satan aka aka king devil \ devil.
- The second level is the Rosa / lyberia consisting of 13 women that Sister of the Light.
- The lowest is Mochua, served to weaken the faith of the church including energy drain anointing the servants of God.

All of these groups of intangible alias in spirit form. Prince Of Michael is touted as the leader of GS in Manado also includes spirits, to be visible, he will borrow the bodies of others.

Symbols.

As many have been known to the world, the GS has a variety of symbols that mystical and symbolizes Satan. I only discuss a few symbols are most often found in the GS course.

666.

666 indeed has always been associated as the number of Satan / demons emblem. Apparently not mistaken, the number 666 is engraved right hand and left the congregation GS.

In the Bible it is written that mentions satan numbers (666), if you want to see open Revelation 13: 15-18 and Revelation 14: 9-11. There is written how the punishments meted out to those who have received these numbers on his body.

That if you accept the 666 mark on the forehead and hands, or any body part, you are finished! NOT can be saved !. You have inaugurated in the satan.

Hexagram.

Figure stars with six corner is one of the symbols that often arise in the process of Occultism (magic). This emblem is usually depicted with images Head goat / goat horns, which symbolize Baphomet (satan).

Reversed cross.

One of the most controversial symbol is a symbol of this inverted cross. This symbol is always there every satanic church. This symbol symbolizes a declaration of war by the Bible (Christians). Because this symbol harassing teachings and the fact that written in the Bible.

This symbol also as a symbol that the facts adopted by GS is the opposite of the facts / doctrine professed Christians.

Activities.

A former church GS testify and tell how the process of their activities and worship.

Praise & Worship: but the songs are again favored the young, and usually the wing heavy metal / rock, including the song Santana (Maria), Janet & Michael Jackson (scream), John Lennon (Imagine) or the song Bon Jovi, continued Black Sabbath, heavy metal and other streams.

The reading of the word: not use the usual bible but Satanic Bible, the contents of which distort all the contents of the Bible according to their version.

Holy Communion: they ate the organs babies (abortion results) and drink the blood of infants 4. Supper love: they should have sex freely with people who were there, and also distributed free drugs.

Recognition.

According to the outstanding issues, in Indonesia the center spread of GS are in Sulawesi, precisely in Manado. In 1999, in Manado, two people who say "former" follower of the teachings of GS rescued. Both men then testify about what they have experienced and they know about GS. Rina and Laura are two of the nine followers of the Church of Satan who were freed from the power of Satan which has been mastered his life. Rina release and Laura from the influence of the power of darkness, seemed to open the eyes of the servants of God on earth Minahasa in particular and Christians in general that the threat of the Church of Satan is not just a figment.

"My wife crowned lucifer, in 1996 through a marriage ceremony" I (Rina) without hesitation revealed. Furthermore, he also admitted that as a married couple lucifer, they already have intercourse as appropriate. "I have not checked if I was a girl. I do not think that goal" said Rina whose full name is Rina Harsum Tamanampo.

While Laura Gansalangi, which used to be called Laura, he admitted that he got the nickname ACE which when read into ASE stands Golden Child of Satan. According to the two girls, the city of Manado is a major target of the Church of Satan.

"To be able to break away from the bonds of the Church of Satan is very difficult. Bond was so strong, we were like hypnotized and could not turn away from GS" he said. Incidentally Laura, Rina, and 7 others were successfully released after prayed by Ev. Herman, Pdt. Niko Gara, along with all members of the congregation.

According to their testimony, both also in Indonesia there are 3 places targeted by GS into their center, ie Manado, Bandung and Jakarta.

Why in Manado ??

Church of Satan is not only pervasive and damaging Christians in Manado, Manado but they are also planning a vicious church center number 2 in the world after California in the US. It is evident from the words of Michael Prince, that half of the city of Manado already controlled by the Church of Satan.

Then, why do Manado their targets precisely, the largest city in northern Indonesia which is precisely the formidable fortress Christians? In Manado, many servants of God who determines the pulse of service activities in Indonesia. The life of the community is considered very good, strong spiritual life. In addition a very strong partnership as often held KKR. So, if Manado is rated as "heart" of Christians, have been destroyed, then by itself throughout other cities in Indonesia will be easily conquered by the Church of Satan.

"The number of followers of Jesus Christ here, is also a strong impetus to the Church of Satan to Manado first master ..." Rina said, when interviewed Tim 11 of Manado Post. Rina, then said to divide Christians, members of the Church of Satan does not hesitate to get in / stow away to places of worship. It is highly utilized by members of the Church of Satan to infiltrate and attract people who are considered to have a certain weight.

Actually the first time to infiltrate into Indonesia via Kalimantan. However, later they changed their minds because of the prospect of the city of Manado "brighter" for the development of the Church of Satan. Then in 1991 started by a married couple, the church declared vicious founding in Manado Joeang building on October 31, to coincide with Halloween.

Methods for victims.

Their modus operandi is crowded places such as shopping, mall, or places of entertainment, even the church. Potential victims are usually stare straight eyes and potential victims exposed as hypnotic. Another way is to shake hands, they wear rings sharp Pentagram, when they will try to make a shake wound through the ring. Blood coming out the wound will be used to control potential victims from a distance (such as witchcraft).

For a successful "looking for a new spirit" will usually earn reward money between Rp 300 to Rp 500 thousand. However, if there are tasks assigned, fails, then there are severe sanctions imposed. Namely the death penalty !. "Usually the more expensive reward female victims of male victims because their virginity could be submitted to lucifer" said Rina.
Be careful when we're running or being in crowds. They could exist around us.

Feasts.

Just like the other religions of the world, satanic church also has its own holy days.

Halloween.

Every October 31, they celebrated the feast. On that day they will do with the celebration gathering wearing a mask / costume creepy (not different from what the people outside on Halloween). They will gather in GS, singing and dancing. At the peak of the event they will conduct an outlet to Jesus Christ in the form of image, which trampled, while at the top of the room hung a broken cross symbol (broken cross).

Solstice.

This feast they celebrate in December the week before Christmas. They target, the day before Christians celebrate Christmas. Then on December 24 night, lucifer will ask the victim. So with that, Christians will experience a day of mourning.

Equinox.

This feast they celebrated every March 13. This particular feast is followed by only 13 women in the group called the Sisters of the Light, one of the groups of positions within the organizational structure of the Church of Satan. Looks like sisters of light is a set of women who have become wives lucifer.

Black Sabbath (Black Mass).

In this particular ritual is usually no victimizing the victims should be provided a new baby 4 weeks old. GS usually do Offerings Blood baby of abortion, which typically have intercourse in front of the church and after 4-6 months, the child shall be disqualified and his blood will be offered to lucifer. Thus, the church will always be protected by lucifer in a variety of problems, except in relation to God.

As written in the Bible, one of the signs of Judgment is the emergence of various prophets and false religion. Now prophecy that has happened and there is nothing we can do because all that has been outlined by the Almighty. we can do is strengthen our faith each, because Apocalypse is near.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/church-of-satan-in-indonesia.html
DatePublished: July 31, 2015 at 17:10

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Most Dangerous society.

Religious beliefs and traditions of society often makes people dogmatic ideological groups, causing them to isolate from the mainstream society and become the secret defensive confidence. They believe themselves to be part of some sacred mission to change the world and spend their lives following the teachings of their leader. This often causes people moving in a closed but has roots that spread throughout the nations. They have their secret laws and activities that are often hidden from non-members.

These organizations make the esoteric doctrine known only to their members, and hidden from ordinary people.
Some formed secret societies world for a long time and most still live and carry out their moves in secret.

The Order of Nine Angles

The Order of Nine Angles (ONA) is a secret satanic organization that emerged between the people of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s. This society claiming to be followers of Satanism and regard it as a very individual pursuit to create your own good qualities and wisdom, with facing challenges and overcoming the limits of physical and mental. Currently, Ona arranged around secret cells known as traditional nexions and in syllables creepy. Ona writings odd considering the human victims as a way to eliminate the weaknesses and claimed that the tribes of evil is an important part of the strategy to carry out the mission of evil, a way of life more pleasant, and to disrupt and eventually conquering the common people.

The Thule Society

Thule Society Germany. Brotherhood of Death Society whose ideas centered on achieving the New World Order which is very odd in simple terms means killing people to reduce the population. The members of the community who are in Thule practicing Sexual Black Magic and Magic. Exhibit supernatural Thule Society regularly held, during which time they communicated with demons who die either man or that only appears as a spirit that guides them. Adolf Hitler joined this society in 1919 under the leadership of Dietrich Eckhart. Eckhart involving Hitler's demonic magic ritual, which in turn makes sexually impotent Hitler is regarded as the cause of why Hitler became so sadistic killer.

Freemasonry

According to the Wikipedia definition, Freemasonry is a fraternal organization of public spirited that has existed since the 17th century. Freemasonry central activities remain charitable work within the local or wider community but the community has a large amount of controversy and the real secrets hidden in its long history. It has been said that the Masons claim that Masonry is open to any one of any faith and that it is a brotherhood to help other Masons. But it was only to attract more people to this community. G symbols used in their signs actually translates to Masonic gnosis or generation with Lucifer and God as the main enemy of Christianity. Mason took the oath rather deadly blood oath to any degrees to 33 degrees. They swore allegiance to God Masonry and above all the state and under the threat of the death penalty, vowed never to reveal the secrets of Freemasonry - not even to their wives.

Skull and Bones

The Order of Skull and Bones, a community of Yale University, originally known as the Brotherhood of Death and was founded in 1832 by students. This society is surrounded by conspiracy theories; The most popular is probably the idea that the founders of the CIA is a member of this group. But another, more shocking truth is that like the others, society hiding a dark secret evil practices as well. Sexual activity they put into their practices where they lay naked in coffins telling their deepest sexual secrets and darkest, as part of their initiation. Ona as their main goal is the New World Order. Ron Rosenbaum in his writings also indicate that Bones and the Bavarian Illuminists closely related to each other, provide evidence as "haunting photograph of the altar room at one of the Masonic lodges at Nuremberg that is closely associated with Illuminism. "Surprisingly, President Bush is an expert in American Brotherhood of Yale Skull and Bones Society.
Apart from some very famous secret society of all time is Rosicrucianism, Order Templis Orientis, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, The Knights Templar, Illuminati, Opus Dei and the Priory of Sion.

Assassins

Assassin regarded as the most frightening of all the secret societies that are killed each victim regardless of guards and security personnel. They are doing the cruel murder of the famous people and feared by kings, princes, sheikhs and sultans. Most of the early members of the secret group of followers of the Nizari branch of Shiite Muslim sect Iliyya Isma located mainly in Syria and Persia. Community led by Hasan bin Sabbah (1034-1124) who created a group of fans, known as the Fedayeen, who did whatever he commanded the blind obedience. They appear as a simple farmer during the daytime, but become ferocious and very capable fighters in the dark of night, attacked their victims in the dark.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/most-dangerous-society.html
DatePublished: July 31, 2015 at 13:45

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City Extremely Dangerous.

Want a vacation abroad and visit some of the city's famous tourist destination and so it is a common thing that you want to do everyone when vacationing. But be careful and study every country and we are going to visit the city, because it could be the city we choose instead make our holiday into a nightmare.

There are few cities in the world are rated as the most dangerous and feared by tourists, even one of them was once the favorite city and tourists crowded in the visit.

This dangerous towns such that we you more alert and careful.

Acapulco - Mexico

The city was originally a favorite place of tourists spending their vacation time. But not a few long ago, one of the cities in Mexico this became rarely visited. Even a beach which is usually crowded by tourists now only just visible half full of people on vacation. It turns out the problem with drugs led the tourists to avoid one of these beautiful beaches. Some travelers time to be bothered with the discovery of the bodies along the beach which turned out to die from using drugs.

Barquisimeto - Venezuela

At a glance when looking at how the state of this city, you will not find anything strange or terrible. But local police apparently have to work hard to address the many crimes occur. Barquisimeto despite having more than one million inhabitants, but almost every day a murder in this town. At least nearly 57 killings occurred in one day.
The city is actually already have some college, but why things like this still happens frequently. The local city government may need to survey whether education and the economy has been uneven. Level of education and the economy usually affects the occurrence of a crime, even though mental health can not be overlooked.

Distrito Central - Honduras

For the city is very unfortunate because it becomes one of the most dangerous cities in the world. Poverty and governance systems that do not provide welfare to the society into the background of so many criminal actions in this city. Related sources said that the crime rate in the city has reached a fantastic figure and became the city with the highest crime rates in the world. Corruption by his own government as well as the presence of high-profile mafia makes this city very scary place to visit.

Maceió, Brazil

Perhaps it is human crime committed was more frightening than a haunted house or town. As well as one of the cities in Brazil's, Alagoas state capital recorded have occurred gruesome killing as many as 135 times per 100,000 population inhabiting this city. Though Brazil has exotic natural scenery as the host of the Amazon rain forest. However, travelers are advised to avoid entering densely populated. Crime is very prone to happen here.

Cali, Colombia

Poorer cities in Latin America has become a city that is synonymous with violence and drug trafficking, Colombia is no exception. Colombia initially had been a very popular tourist destination, but it seems with the incidence of 80 cases of murder, for a time the city is not a safe place to visit. Preferably before you plan to travel you should check whether your goals are appropriate and safe. Do not let the vacation you want to turn into the most horrible thing. And also do not forget if traveling you should not use excessive accessories. Besides making you uncomfortable, you can also become a target offenders.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/city-extremely-dangerous.html
DatePublished: July 31, 2015 at 12:29

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Islam lives in Thailand.

As we all know, Thailand is a country that is often known as the land of the white elephant. The country is also famous as a tourist destination for tourists from around the world. Agriculture is also one of the mainstays of the country. Almost all agricultural and plantation products originating from Thailand is an excellent product.

In general, the people of Thailand are Buddhist. According to the population census in 2000, the majority of citizens are Buddhist Thailand (94.6%), and Islam (4.6%), and the rest is Christian and Catholic. But this time the numbers of Muslims believed to exceed the figure of 10%, or about 7.4 million of the 67 million inhabitants of Thailand. This suggests that the growth of Muslims in this country continue to rise.

Overview of Islamic life.

Most of the Muslims in this country live in southern Thailand, which are located mainly in the provinces of Yala, Narattiwat, and Pattani. In the cultural and physical appearance, they are closer to the Malay community. If we look at the history that has passed, these areas was not part of Thailand. But since 1808, Thailand invaded the region and making it as its own territory. Of course, many conflicts that occur because Thailand is a Buddhist country that considers the king as a descendant of the gods. So many rituals of shirk which is contrary to Islam itself. Rebellion has ever happened, and until recently there were still contradictions that occur due to differences in these principles.

Although the majority of Muslims in the southern part of Thailand, but not necessarily in other parts of Thailand there are no Muslim. Say Bangkok, capital of Thailand. In Bangkok, we can easily see the mosque. Although the majority of Muslims in Bangkok are migrants from the southern part of Thailand (physically can be recognized easily, because bloody wither), but also quite a lot of bloody Muslim native Thailand (usually white). This shows the propagation of Islam goes well in Bangkok.

When we went to mosques in Thailand, we will realize that a lot of similarities Muslim life in Thailand and Indonesia. The majority of Muslims in Thailand are Sunni Shafi'i. And in general, they are very similar to the existing Nahdliyin in our country. Easily we meet remembrance event congregation, nasyid, and various prayers. Every mosque also usually have the eminent clerics in situ.

Of youth (mostly students) plenty of diligent study in this noble salaf manhaj. They are quite diligent conduct scientific studies in the mosque, although sometimes at odds with the board of the mosque itself. Although they were dealing with a limited library that they can access (because not all speak Arabic), but they are very eager to uphold the Quran and Sunnah with the understanding of the righteous ones. They also reveal all their early Islam openly. They grew a beard, not isbal, even on campus ever we can sometimes see sisters who are veiled. And qadarullah, they are also the one who became one of the causes of the authors get the guidance for constancy in the methodology of this noble.

Support the Kingdom of Thailand against Islam.

Although Thailand is a Buddhist country, but the kingdom is quite supportive of Islamic life of the inhabitants. Responsibility matters concerning Islam in Thailand carried by a mufti who got the title of Shaykh al-Islam (Chularajmontree). Mufti is under the interior ministry and the ministry of education and responsible to the king. Mufti duty to set policy related to Muslim life, such as determining the beginning and end of the month hijriyah.

Islam Mufti provincial council oversees the 26 people from each province. And the council oversees approximately 3494 mosques in Thailand [2]. The center of activity is located in Bangkok, namely the Islamic Center located in the Ramkhamhaeng area. Moreover, in every university there are usually Muslim Student Club. Usually these groups have a special place that can also be used to pray.

In general, the people of Thailand are also very tolerant of Muslims. They are quite concerned with the food that we can eat, and they are also very easy to give permission to perform prayers. But because Thailand is a Buddhist country, so the big day of the Muslims (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha) Insist that they do not. This can sometimes be an obstacle for students or employees who want to implement Eid prayer congregation. But usually each institution to provide relief for "ditching" at these times.

Food.

Many people think that getting food in Thailand is a difficult case. But in reality, halal food is easily available anywhere. Say if we go to the campus cafeteria. Usually in each cafeteria complex there is a halal food stall. If we go to the market, there is usually a halal butchers slaughtered syar'i. If we want to eat kosher shop though, we simply find the nearest mosque. Usually there are settlements near the mosque Muslims and kosher food vendors. In shopping malls though usually we can find a kosher restaurant.

But one of the things that make Muslims feel safe in Thailand will be the availability of kosher food is the halal certification body is very strong. By accessing www.halal.or.th course we already can find a list of products and kosher restaurants in Thailand. Even the packaging products in supermarkets too many have been certified kosher issued by the agency. So that Muslims in Thailand can freely choose where to eat and not.

One of the people who contributed in the field of halal certification is Winai Dahlan, an associate professor at Chulalongkorn University. He is the grandson of KHA Dahlan. He is currently the director of the Halal Science Center at the university. He was very eager to help the promotion of halal food to the rest of the world. It could even be said to be progress on halal food in Thailand is already a step ahead compared to Indonesia because they do vigorous promotion.

Being a Muslim in Thailand.

Exposure above shows the various descriptions of the lives of Muslims in Thailand. But in general, be a Muslim living in Thailand full of uphill battle.

As we know that Thailand is a country that is free. The majority of the population likes the night life, promiscuity, and drinking liquor. Besides music boom can be encountered anywhere. The girl was dressed very minimal. For someone who is weak in faith, of course, the invasion of disobedience in the environment is a significant challenge.

In any confidence, we can see the practice of Shirk spread everywhere. Almost in every house there is a small temple where they put offerings. Even normally traders it was put offerings in their stores. Their exaltation in the kingdom had already exceeded the limit. The king is regarded as descendants of the gods so that they make a god. Monk also get very special treatment. They would give anything if it met the monk, just to get a blessing from them. Of course, the practice of shirk which is scattered throughout the earth Thailand continues contrary to the hearts of the Muslims.

Therefore, the Muslims in Thailand usually live in groups in order to mutually maintain. Near the mosque there is usually a Muslim village. In addition, there are also some areas in Bangkok that has percentage sizeable Muslim population. They tried to create a good environment in order to live outside covered disobedience earlier.

Sometimes the groups that live in these regions were gathered because of the similarity rate. There are areas in Bangkok named Kampung Jawa. In such areas, residents are descendants of Javanese who had lived there for generations. There is a mosque in the village of Java. There was also the Indonesian Mosque. There are quite a lot of citizens descended from many countries and form their own community. It was none other than their efforts to keep each other from very different cultural life with Islamic values. Usually they have forgotten the language of their respective countries. Winai Dahlan as mentioned earlier, also could not speak Indonesian at all.

Such is the life of Islam in the land of the white elephant. Perhaps we had no idea that we have brothers and sisters who continue to struggle to live while maintaining a sound belief in the pagan land. Hopefully this makes us all to always be grateful and also increasingly eager to study. Them with all the limitations of existing facilities, still trying to find the truth in the understanding of the Deen of Islam. May God always keep our brothers and sisters have.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/islam-lives-in-thailand.html
DatePublished: July 29, 2015 at 17:27

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Unknown Ancient Civilization.

If mentioned about ancient cultures and stunning, what is stopping in your mind? Perhaps you will answer the Inca, Aztec, Egyptian, or ancient Greek. Though there are many other ancient cultures were also instrumental to the development of history.

Ancient cultures following equally amazing and invite the question mark when compared with ancient civilizations mentioned earlier. Even some of them older and culture gives much influence to the ancient civilizations that we know today. But for various reasons, ranging from lack of historical evidence to the lack of research on the ruins of the site causing prehistoric cultures is less well known.

Hatti.

Hatti is an ancient civilization that used to occupy the area of ​​Anatolia, Turkey. This civilization is most likely derived from the 26th century to 18 BC. Hatti population is believed to be the people who created the oldest urban areas. Most archaeologists believe that the residents of Hatti was the first resident who inhabit Anatolia region before the more famous Hittite civilization. While the Hittites arrived in Anatolia 23 century BC. Hatti culture is the root of Hittite culture. These two cultures slowly acculturated and Het adopting religious beliefs and practices Hatti. Then cultural identity Hatti was blended into Hittite culture.

Their existence is not much left of historical evidence. Can only be traced through artifacts tablets Akkadian nation. Hatti nation is likely to have its own spoken language, but there is no written evidence about him has ever been found.

Zapotec.

Aztec and Maya cultures appears to be the most ancient human civilizations known in the Americas. But in addition to two cultures that are known for having advanced knowledge for its time it was still there Zapotec culture that history is not widely known.

Zapotec civilization is pre-Colombus civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca, the American continent. Archaeological evidence shows that their civilization can be traced back to 2500 years ago. They left archaeological evidence in the ancient city of Monte Alban. Zapotec nation once founded a city with advanced architecture that is now known by the name of Monte Alban. This city is home to 25,000 residents for more than 1,200 years.

Like most ancient civilization in Mesoamerica, Zapotec civilization disappeared from the world. But not known with certainty the cause of the downfall of that culture. Their biggest cities mostly left intact, to collapse on itself because of the times inedible. Some experts believe the failure of an economic system that encourages downfall Zapotec. The absence of livelihood caused the Zapotec population migrated to other areas and leave their cities for granted.

Hurri.

Hurri nation are ethnic groups that inhabit the North Mesopotamia and the surrounding area during the Bronze Age. Hurri state is known as the most powerful and influential is the Mitanni kingdom. One of their largest cities known as Urkesh and is located in the northeast of Syria. Urkes is the location of the discovery of ancient texts, tablets of stone, and the sculpture which is now known as the Louvre lion. Empire residents Hittites in Anatolia which is the nation's many Hurri, and there was a great cultural influence Hurri against the Hittites and Hittite mythology. Although believed to be the nation that tends nomadic, modern archaeologists believe that Hurri may have a great impact on the development of culture in the surrounding civilizations. This is evident from their different languages ​​from the Semitic and Indo-European culture in the other.

Louvre knew most powerful and influential is the Mitanni kingdom. One of their largest cities known as Urkesh and is located in the northeast of Syria. Urkes is the location of the discovery of ancient texts, tablets of stone, and the sculpture which is now known as the Louvre lion. Empire residents Hittites in Anatolia which is the nation's many Hurri, and there was a great cultural influence Hurri against the Hittites and Hittite mythology. Although believed to be the nation that tends nomadic, modern archaeologists believe that Hurri may have a great impact on the development of culture in the surrounding civilizations. This is evident from their different languages ​​from the Semitic and Indo-European culture in the other.

However, at the end of the second millennium BC, almost all traces of ethnic Hurri has disappeared. Their history is written in the language of Hurri found in Mesopotamian artifacts. Unfortunately, very few artefacts made by the Hurri themselves were found. Most of their history comes from the writings of other cultures, including Hittite, Sumerian, and Egyptian.

Nok.

Nok is an ancient civilization that once inhabited the area of ​​Nigeria. Nok civilization flourished during the first millennium BC, before finally disappearing without obvious cause in the next century. Some theories mention the cause of the collapse of this civilization is the excessive exploitation of natural resources resulting decline in population numbers. Although it is believed as one of the oldest civilizations in Africa, very little evidence of their existence and therefore difficult to study.

Modern archaeologists believe that the Nok culture has an important role in the development of other cultures in the vicinity such as Yoruba and Benin. Nok nation seems to have the knowledge and spirit of high art, seen from the evidence of historical relics such as terracotta statues around the site of ancient settlement Nok. They are also the first African to know the techniques of iron smelting, although it is believed that the technology was introduced to another culture, the possibility of Carthage.

Norte Chico.

Nation Norte Chico is considered to inhabit South America since the third millennium BC. Their heyday lasted for more than 1,200 years and is known as the oldest culture with advanced technology in the Americas. Norte Chico civilization centers located in the area of ​​Peru.
They have 20 large cities with sophisticated architecture and agriculture dominate their settlements. Apparently they also have developed an elaborate irrigation system which was not known at that time.

Norte Chico has a huge influence for cultural development in South America afterwards. One of them is the Chavin civilization that began several hundred years after the fall of the Norte Chico. But just like other ancient cultures, not much historical evidence about this culture are found and can be learned.

Elam.

An ancient civilization that was originally called Haltam. But he is better known in history by the name Elam derived from Hebrew. Because the history of this ancient culture is more widely known through the ancient Hebrew manuscripts.

Elam civilization was once controlled most of the territory that is now part of the Iranian nation and a small part of Iraq. Elam is one of the oldest civilizations were established around the third millennium BC and until today the oldest culture found throughout Iran. They have a language that is very unique and different when compared with ancient culture around it.

Elam seems scholars do not view the importance of documenting the mythology, literary, or scientific advances them so evidence of their contribution to the world civilization can hardly be traced. And for that reason anyway Elam less known in modern times when compared with the culture of ancient Egypt and Sumeria.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/unknown-ancient-civilization.html
DatePublished: July 29, 2015 at 16:41

Tags : Unknown Ancient Civilization.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW