Ghost town of Chernobyl tragedy.

Almost thirty years of nuclear disaster happened there, but also still leaves Chernobyl horror. When a huge explosion destroyed the reactor 4 of the Chernobyl power plant on April 26, 1986, the event so the worst nuclear accident in the world has ever seen.

Now, the number of tourists who want to go the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a radius of 30 kilometers from the contaminated area around the power plant, benefiting some tour companies.

Instability in Eastern Ukraine recently left the country disappear from the search radar of many tourists. However, Chernobyl is still there in the global consciousness. Concerns often circulate about the zone. Lastly, more because of contamination through forest fires.

Concerns were buried deep. By contrast, emerging charm that drain the waves of tourists. In the area there is also a hotel Exclusion Zone. Visitors must pass through security checks and travel guides very tight.

Reporting from the CNN page, travelers heading to the site will pass a two-hour trip to the region north of the capital of Ukraine, Kiev, with the tour bus.

Once there, they must sign a consent for the warning not to touch the goods or vegetation, to agree not sit on the ground.

Leaving the site is also arranged. Body scanning is done to test the high levels of radiation. If the scanner alarm goes off, the officer will examine the individual, looking for radioactive dust that may be carried over, before they are allowed to leave the premises.

Ghost town, a portrait of the old Soviet Union.

Pasture peace in the zone implies a lot of incredible things. The tour guide took the guests the curious heading rusty debris littering the grass. Background radiation around the exclusion zone could reach ten times the normal rate.

Slow-growing vegetation, especially vulnerable absorbs radioactive particles, radiation saves even higher when tested. However, the most interesting part Exclusion Zone is the ghost town of Pripyat.

Located two kilometers from the power plant in 1970. The city's population swelled to nearly 50 thousand inhabitants. The whole population was evacuated after the disaster. Now, the city is abandoned and overgrown. Pripyat still resembles a typical picture of Soviet cities were destroyed at that time.

Full visitors stepped carefully through the broken glass, avoid bushes that grow close every corner of the block of apartment buildings. Textbooks scattered in an empty classroom. In the pool were chipped lay rotting wooden beams decades.

Traces of the former Soviet Union scattered everywhere. Soviet mural paintings clearly as dancing on the wall. Gas masks in sizes of children lay with the tens. Relive the era when people fear an attack that hangs thick in the air.

"It is the preservation of artifacts communists, and the atmosphere is very interesting and there is a sad story behind it," says Dominik Ortafus. Ortafus is a former tour guide in the exclusion zone, now becomes CEO CHERNOBYLwel.come, the company arranged a visit to Chernobyl since 2008.
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Remembering Chernobyl.

"The Chernobyl disaster", the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, or simply "Chernobyl", is the worst nuclear reactor accident in history. On April 26, 1986 at 1:23:40 am (UTC + 3), reactor number four at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant located in the Soviet Union in the near Pripyat in Ukraine exploded. As a result, large amounts of radioactive particles dispersed into the atmosphere in the entire area of ​​the western Soviet Union and Europe. Nuclear disaster is considered the worst nuclear accident in history, and is one of two accidents were classified in level 7 on the International Nuclear Events Scale (the other is the accident of Fukushima Daiichi disaster). The number of workers involved to cope with this disaster around 500,000 people, and will spend 18 billion rubles and economic influence of the Soviet Union. Thousands of people had to be evacuated from the city.

Surprising Facts About 'CITY OF DEAD' Chernobyl.

1. The largest man-made disasters of all time.

Everyone would know that the Chernobyl disaster is terrifying, but you may not know that the Chernobyl incident, including the largest man-made disasters of all time according to the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). Unsparing, INES puts extraordinary event is at level 7, which means this is a great event that have broad impact on health and the environment.

2. Belarus received 70% of the contamination of Chernobyl nuclear explosion.

Neighboring areas have always been affected nuclear explosion, especially Belarus. Located only 10 miles away from Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, the scientists estimate that the country's beleaguered land has received 70% of the contamination of Chernobyl nuclear explosion. As a result, one-fifth of agricultural land in Belarus is contaminated and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their homes and move.

Thousands of people also infected by deadly diseases, ranging from leukemia, thyroid cancer, to cardiovascular disease. Until recently, Belarus has lost more than $ 235 billion (or approximately USD 2,291 T) earnings per year as a direct result of the Chernobyl disaster.

3. The rain from the Chernobyl nuclear to Ireland.

Explosion of Reactor No. 4 has created an enormous radioactive cloud was detected in all of Europe and even to Ireland in the form of light. Although these events have occurred more than two decades ago, the impact of the Chernobyl disaster are still felt in the British Isles until now.

According to a new study conducted by the UK Department of Health, 369 farms and 190,000 sheep in the UK still contain faint traces of radioactivity from the Chernobyl disaster. Fortunately, the number of sheep affected by contamination down nearly 95% from 1986.

4. The government is still paying alimony to 7 million people affected by the Chernobyl disaster.

This certainly shows that the Chernobyl disaster still has broad implications for the environment and human civilization living nearby. According to studies conducted by the United Nations Forum on Chernobyl, Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation still pay benefits to about 7 million people affected by the disaster.

The study also claims that 5% to 7% of the Ukrainian government's annual expenditure is budgeted for the victims of Chernobyl. Although the payments were slightly reduced in recent years, benefits that can not be written off in full in the near future.

5. Approximately 97% of radioactive materials from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is still buried.

Emergency crews to react quickly when an explosion Reactor No. 4, responded by burying the Chernobyl nuclear power plant complex with a large concrete known as the Sarcophagus. Business plan will replace the Chernobyl nuclear power plant such structures after 20 years of the occurrence of such events. But until now, the structure is still being used.

According to local newspapers Poland, Zycie Warszawy, the surface of the concrete structure has been filled with cracks and gaps large enough to allow the rat to pass through. Meanwhile, an independent engineering report also estimates that the whole building would collapse if an earthquake measuring six or more on the Richter scale. It is not impossible, events radioactive cloud that was once the case will return to spread throughout Europe.

Lower the impact of Chernobyl radiation Insect Populations.
Two decades pascaledakan reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear plant, radiation is still an impact, which causes a decrease in the population of insects and spiders. Bumblebees, butterflies, grasshoppers, dragonflies and spiders are now suffering from its effects.

Researchers working in the zone around Chernobyl mentioned, there are "strong signal with regard to population decline contamination". The research report was written in the journal Biology Letters.

Professor of the University of South Carolina, USA, Timothy Mousseau, and Anders Moller from the University of Paris-Sud worked together on the project. Both never publish low-level radiation have a negative impact on bird populations. "We want to expand the scope of research on insects, mammals and plants," said Mousseau. It has been ten years researching the effects of radiation around Chernobyl are far from residential areas.

For the study, Mousseau use the way that he called "standard ecological techniques". He made the "lane line" pass through a certain area and then count the number of insects and spider webs along these lines.

The path passes through the contaminated area of ​​Chernobyl, Belarus, and some areas are free of contamination. At the same time, other researchers carrying GPS equipment and dosimeters to measure the levels (level) radiation. As a result, the rate of population decline in line with the levels of contamination.

Opinions differ.

Some researchers disagree. The absence of a resident in an abandoned location should be beneficial to the citizens of the wild life.

"The wild life continues to increase in the Chernobyl region in line with the low human activity there," said researchers at the Center for Chernobyl in Ukraine, Sergii Gashchak, as quoted by the BBC. "All life evolved under the influence of radiation. So there are certain mechanisms that make it survive in these conditions."

Five World's Worst Nuclear Disaster.

Japan increases the danger status of the Fukushima nuclear plant from level 4 to level 5, based on an international scale of nuclear danger. This status is the same as the nuclear crisis that hit the Three Mile Island, USA, in 1979 ago. But still below the level of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, Ukraine, 1986. Following the worst nuclear disaster of all time:

1. Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986.

Plant after the explosion of four trials, which caused a fire during the 9-day and fired at least 100 times higher than the radiation as Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Five people were killed instantly, but according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) accident that killed about 4000 people.

2. Kyshtym, Russia, 1957.

Fault in the cooling system at Mayak plant causing non-nuclear explosion that resulted in the release of 80 tons of radioactive material. About 10,000 people were evacuated after reports of skin melted people. At least 200 people were killed

3. Three Mile Island, USA, 1979.

Cooling in Pennsylvania plant is not functioning, causing most of the plants destroyed and the resulting release of radioactivity in small quantities. Around 140,000 people were evacuated, but no reports were killed or injured

4. Windscale, UK, 1957.

Britain's first nuclear power plant core to burn off the radioactive material. These events led to 240 cases of cancer

5. Tokaimura, Japan, 1999.

A number of high-level enriched uranium were prepared by workers who do not qualify triggering nuclear reactions. Two workers were killed, 100 workers and the local population threatened exposure to radioactive.
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The use of nuclear materials.

1. Definition of Nuclear.

Nuclear word means part of or associated with the atomic nucleus (nuclei). In nuclear physics, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide, to produce different results from the initial product. In principle a reaction can involve more than two particles colliding, but such occurrences are very rare. When the particles collide and separate without changing (except possibly in energy levels), this process is called a collision and not a reaction.

Two known nuclear reactions, namely nuclear fusion reactions and nuclear fission.
Nuclear fusion reaction is a reaction of fusion of two or more atomic nuclei into new and generate energy, also known as a clean reaction.
Nuclear fission is a cleavage reaction due to the collision of atomic nuclei other atomic nuclei, and generating new energy and atomic mass is smaller, as well as electromagnetic radiation.  Fusion reaction also produces alpha radiation, beta and gamma are very harmful to humans.

Examples nuclear fusion reaction is a reaction that occurs in almost all core stars in the universe. Hydrogen bomb weapon also utilizes the principle of uncontrolled fusion reaction. Examples fission is an explosion of nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants.

Elements that are often used in nuclear fission is Plutonium and Uranium (mainly plutonium-239, uranium-235), while in nuclear fusion reaction is Lithium and Hydrogen (particularly Lithium-6, Deuterium, Tritium).

2. Material Maker.

Author nuclear material is uranium. Uranium is a radioactive element. Here is a definition of uranium and how it works according to the World Nuclear Organization or the World Nuclear Association which can be seen in www.world-nuclear.org:

Uranium is a very heavy metal which can be used as an abundant source of concentrated energy.
Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million and is as common in the earth's crust as tin, tungsten and molybdenum. Uranium occurs in sea water, and can be recovered from the ocean.
Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral called pitchblende. It was named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier.
Uranium was apparently formed in supernovae around 6.6 billion years ago. Although not common in the solar system, today the slow radioactive decay provides the main source of heat in the earth, causing convection and continental drift.
The high density of uranium means that it also finds uses in the keels of yachts and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as well as for radiation shielding.
Uranium has a melting point is 1132 ° C. The chemical symbol for uranium is U.

3. Uses of Nuclear.

Nuclear turned out to have many uses. Some nuclear utility that has been used by developed countries, among others:

As a Power Source which save.

More than 14% of the world's electricity is generated from uranium in nuclear reactors. This amount is more than 2500 billion kWh per year, as well as from all power sources worldwide in 1960.

It comes from some 440 nuclear reactors with a total production capacity of approximately 377 000 megawatt (MWe) operating in 30 countries. More than 60 reactors under construction and another 150 are planned.

Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Japan, South Korea, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine all get 30% or more of its electricity from nuclear reactors. The United States has more than 100 operating reactors, supplying 20% ​​of electricity. France gets three-quarters of its electricity from uranium.

Military weapons.

Both uranium and plutonium used to make bombs before they became important for making electricity and radioisotopes. Types of uranium and plutonium for bombs is different from that in a nuclear power plant. Bomb-grade highly enriched uranium (> 90% U-235, instead of up to 5%), bomb-grade plutonium pure enough Pu-239 (> 90%, not 60% in reactor-grade) and is made in a special reactor.

Since the 1990s, because of disarmament, a lot of military uranium becomes available for power production. Military uranium is diluted about 25: 1 with depleted uranium (mostly U-238) from the enrichment process before being used in power plants. Military plutonium began to be used together, mixed with depleted uranium

Radio Isotopes.

In daily life we ​​need food, water and good health. Today, radioactive isotopes play an important role in technology that provides us with all three. They are produced by bombarding small amounts of particular elements with neutrons.

In medicine, radioisotopes are widely used for diagnosis and research. Radioactive chemical tracers emit gamma radiation which provides diagnostic information about a person's anatomy and function of a particular organ. Radio radioisotope therapy is also used in the treatment of several diseases, such as cancer. More powerful gamma sources are used to sterilize syringes, bandages and other medical equipment. About one person in two in the western world is likely to experience the benefits of nuclear medicine in their lifetime, and gamma sterilization equipment is almost universal.

In the preservation of food, radioisotopes are used to inhibit the growth of root crops after harvesting, to kill parasites and pests, and to control the ripening of fruit and vegetables are stored. Food irradiation received by world and national health authorities for human consumption in an increasing number of countries. They include potatoes, onions, dried fruits and fresh, grain and grain products, poultry and fish. Some prepacked foods can also be irradiated.

In growing crops and breeding livestock, radioisotopes also play an important role. They are used to produce high yield, disease-resistant varieties and weather resistant crops, to study how fertilizers and insecticides work, and to improve the productivity and health of domestic animals.

Industrial, and mining, they are used to inspect welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear metals, and for in-stream analysis of various minerals and fuels.

There are many other uses. A radioisotope derived from the plutonium formed in nuclear reactors used in most household smoke detectors.

Radioisotopes are used to detect and analyze pollutants in the environment, and to study the movement of surface water in rivers and groundwater.
Other usability

There are also other uses for reactors. About 200 small nuclear power reactors around 150 vessels, mostly submarines, but ranging from icebreakers to aircraft carriers. It can stay at sea for long periods without having to make refueling stops. In the Russian Arctic where operating conditions are beyond the capability of conventional icebreakers, very powerful nuclear-powered vessel to operate most of the year, where previously only two months can be used every year.

Heat generated by nuclear reactors can also be used directly and not to produce electricity. In Sweden and Russia, for example, is used to heat buildings and to provide heat for various industrial processes such as water desalination. Nuclear desalination is likely to be a major growth area in the next decade.

High-temperature heat from nuclear reactors are likely to be employed in some industrial processes in the future, especially for making hydrogen.

Facts About Nuclear.

Nuclear is one of the alternative renewable energy that are heavily used. Good for the power source, smoke detectors, world health, industry, and many more. How a scientist can find a way to fission? Is also used in nuclear world war? Some facts about nuclear that you should know.

The phenomenon of radioactivity ranging discovered in 1896 by Henry Becquerel along with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie. In the process they isolate elements that turned out to be highly radioactive radium. They found that the radioactive material to produce intense waves, and then they named the waves with alpha, beta, and gamma.

1934, Enrico Fermi Italian destroy heavy atoms with neutrons sprayed on. But he did not realize that he had obtained nuclear fission.

Note belonged to Marie Curie radioactive, until recently a granddaughter makes decontamination.

On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb or A-bomb, tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico.

The atomic bomb was first used for war was 'Little Boy' which was dropped on Hiroshima during the Second World War with the explosive power of 50 square kilometers, followed by the 'Fat Man' was dropped on the city of Nagasaki with the explosive power of 100 square kilometers.

Initially, the first nuclear reactor used to produce plutonium as nuclear weapons material.

Although mankind has mastered the nuclear power recently, nuclear reactor which first appeared controlled by nature. Fifteen natural nuclear fission reactor has been found in the mine Oklo, Gabon, West Africa. First discovered in 1972 by French physicist Francis Perrin. This natural reactor known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors.

Among the three reactions contained in radioactive elements (alpha, beta and gamma), the most dangerous reaction is a reaction because it releases gamma rays gamma which is not the same as the alpha and beta radiation, but an electromagnetic radasi on the frequency and very high energy.

The nuclear reactor that once exploded: Chernobyl (1986), Three Mile Islands (1979) and Japan (2011)
Behind its usefulness, it turns out the use of nuclear as well save trouble. Besides the danger seriously enough radiation (gamma radiation) also wastes that can not be transformed into something that can be used again. Most of the waste is dumped or drowned in the sea.

Indonesia, as one of the countries that are planning to have a nuclear reactor as a new energy source Has had enough knowledge about nuclear ???
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Female Fertility decline.

Based on the study of women's fertility rate dropped dramatically at the age of 37 years.
The Hollywood star who bear children in their 40s, like Nicole Kidman and Mariah Carey, giving women false hope of becoming a mother, said some doctors warn.

They say, the celebrities who show off 'babies magically' they were mostly using donor eggs or IVF (in vitro fertilization) or test tube babies.

Because they did not announce it to the public, the fans they fail to realize that fertility decreases dramatically after age 37.

"If more celebrities who want to talk about it, it is better for fertility medicine," said Adam Balen of the British Fertility Society.

This issue was highlighted when he became a research report, at the age of 44 a woman will be 20 times more difficult to get pregnant through IVF, compared to when they are 39 years of age.

The more quickly the biological clock means, women in their mid-40s only have a probability of 1.3 percent chance for fertility treatment worked.

However, at the age of 38 or 39, the success rate of fertility treatments at 23.6 percent. The point at which fertility is decreased significantly at over 38, according to a study Marta Devesa, doctors from the Hospital Universitari Dexeus in Barcelona-Quiron.

The report comes from a clinic in Spain that handles 4.195 patients in twelve years. Some of them perform in vitro fertilization attempts.

"The report says, is effectively wasted (fertility treatment) at age 44 and beyond," he said. One fifth of patients who do IVF treatment in England 40s.

Devesa says, how shocked patients older know how much lower their chances.

"Not many people know about the decline in fertility towards age," he added.

"And pregnancy in older women were among the celebrities did not help us because most of them get egg donation."

One of the stars that have been open about their pregnancies among them is actress Nicole Kidman. When the second child is born through a surrogate mother's age when she was 43 years old. Also Mariah Carey is having twins from IVF program at the age of 41 years. Thank you for reading this article.
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Pregnant women Protested.

Sophie action Guidolin uploaded to his personal account. (Doc. Sophie Guidolin via Facebook)
Sophie Guidolin (26) from Gold Coast, Australia in the last few hours to protests and criticism from netizens because she was practicing upload photos weights weighing 30 kilograms.

Because Sophie is under special conditions. She was six months pregnant with twins girls. "There was a man who said on Facebook that I was too heavy lifting. But by whom? He? My first child weighs 29 kilograms and when she fell asleep I had to carry her, "Sophie said as quoted by the Daily Mail.

In the photos uploaded on Instagram and Facebook was seen Sophie was carrying over 30 kilograms, while her husband was behind him as he watched.

"Some say worried I would have prolapse (hernia ginekologikal), but it also happens if I take a pencil bending or lifting groceries. Miscarriages can occur for many reasons, but people always connect with the sport, "said Sophie.

"Many people have expressed concern for pregnant women who exercise. And I 110 percent understand why, "said prospective mother was quoted as saying by E! News. "There are a lot of myths, legends and old on pregnant women outside the same opinion very difficult to understand what is true then it is just made up. I do not want to hear all of it except from the medical staff who are qualified and reliable. "

Sophie herself is not only happy to work out hard. But among a number of his profession he is also a nutritionist who like to write in a blog about healthy eating patterns, has written a number of cookbooks. Still, Sophie received a lot of criticism that calls the sport is doing too harsh for a woman who is pregnant.

Sophie then reply to the protest it by uploading a picture with an open stomach and statements. "Woah ... Exercise lift burdens yesterday sparked a lot of debate!" And then added, "I did not expect it, but the photo was indeed what it is when a pregnant woman is exercising. And the benefits of exercise that makes me happy to discuss this topic. "

Sophie encourages pregnant women to keep exercising as long as they are allowed by their obstetrician. "There are many myths and legends of our ancestors about the pregnancy from an early age until old infant toddler! However you should receive an explanation from the medical practitioner and continue the sport, then I would also highly recommend you to exercise for the sake of your own health and your baby #fitpregnancy #health #twinpregnancy # 26weeks, "Sophie wrote.

Sophie is also a supporter of a clean diet, also told fans about the first and second pregnancy journey. How does her weight rose sharply, during early pregnancy because of their ignorance of nutrition.

"When pregnant two boys I never again come to the gym and actually unhealthy lifestyles," said Sophie. "I had gestational diabetes and gained more than 28 kilograms of each pregnancy despite the recommended weight may only go up 12-14 kilograms," said Sophie. "The health risks I face is not messing around."

Now with a third pregnancy, Sophie updating and fitnessnya diet approach. With the approval of his doctor he went on the sport as he usually did. "I have no special education for this, but I feel healthier and more energetic. I'm just exercising the extent permitted by obstetricians me alone. "

Based on his Facebook account, Sophie only practiced three times a week with occasional mixing weight training with fast running and Pilates.

"As long as I got the explanation, I feel healthy and active at that time I will continue to exercise. But there are days when I can not exercise because they feel tired and just resting in bed alone, I do not want to force myself, "he said. "When I'm tired I do not practice. I listened to the sound of my body. "
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Ill advised people not fasting.

All Muslims around the world are ready to welcome the holy month of Ramadan. For those who are healthy, fasting obligatory. However, people who have certain illnesses are advised not to fast.

Patients with certain diseases categorized as high risk when it should be fasting all day. Therefore, doctors usually do not recommend them to fast.
See also: Benefits of Fasting in Ramadan is Scientifically Proven
"Certainly there are people who should not be fasting," said Dr. Dr. Ari Fahrial, SpPD-KGEH, MMB, FINASIM, FACP, Division of Gastroenterology physician from the Department of Medicine Faculty of medicine-Cipto Mangunkusumo.

"Fasting is expected to worsen conditions will prolong the pain or cure the disease."
See also: People Need To Do Check Up Medical Before Fasting
According to Dr. Ari, the following persons are not allowed to fast because of medical conditions:

1. Patients suffering from acute infections, such as typhoid, dengue fever, severe sore throat, high fever, acute diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

2. Patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing dialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

3. Patients with advanced chronic liver disorders.

4. Patients with diabetes is poorly controlled blood sugar, have severe complications, undergoing multiple injections of large doses of insulin, and those at risk of developing serious complications when fasting.

5. Heart patients with heart failure.

6. A person with migraine or vertigo in which condition the pain will get worse if the patient is not eating or taking medication.

7. Patients with acute respiratory disorders such as acute asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is severe.

8. Patients with cancer who have not been treated or are currently experiencing a relapse.

9. Patients in hospital care and in a state of either intravenous drip infusion of fluids or food or patients who are on blood transfusions.

10. The patient postoperatively.

11. ulcer patients who are in acute circumstances, such as severe vomiting and severe pain until a cold sweat.

12. Parents are elderly with dementia suffer (Alzhaimer).

"Patients at high risk should undergo a check-up before fasting. If there is a problem, then it can be fixed or adjustment of treatment, "said Dr. Ari. Thank you for reading this article.
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You Know Cleaver.

Cleaver is a unique weapon from West Java. Cleaver began to be made around the 8th century or to-9, made of iron, steel and material prestige, its length is about 20 to 25 cm and weighs about 300 grams.
Cleaver is a tool that reflects the sharpness and critical power in life also symbolizes the strength and courage to protect the rights and truth. Is characteristic, both as weapons, agricultural tools, symbol, decoration, or souvenirs.
According Sanghyang siksakanda ng Karesian Canto XVII, cleaver is the weapon of the peasants and has its roots in the farming community Sundanese culture.

Description.

Cleaver known as traditional objects people of West Java (Sunda) which has a sacred value and has magical powers. Some researchers claim that the term "cleaver" comes from the word kudihyang (kudi and Hyang. Cleaver (also) derives from the word Sonny, which means human or Manusa. Humans are powerful as King Siliwangi.
Kudi taken from Sundanese ancient meaning of weapons that have a powerful supernatural force, as a talisman, as repellent reinforcements, for example, to repel enemies or avoid danger / disease [need citation needed]. These weapons are also stored as an heirloom, which is used to protect the house from harm by putting it in a crate or a specific place in the house or by putting it on the bed (Hazeu, 1904: 405-406). Meanwhile, Hyang can be equated with the notion of gods in some mythologies, but for the people of Sunda Hyang has a meaning and a notch above god, this is reflected in the teaching of "Dasa Prebakti" which is reflected in the script Sanghyang Siksa Kanda Karesian Ng mentioned "god devotion in Hyang ".
In general, Cleaver had understanding as heirlooms that have a certain strength that comes from the gods (= Hyang), and as a weapon, since the first until now Cleaver occupies a very special position in the community of West Java (Sunda). As an emblem or symbol with niali philosophical values ​​contained therein, Cleaver used as one of aesthetics in several organizations and government emblem. In addition, Cleaver was also used as a name of a variety of organizations, unity and of course is also used by the local government of West Java Province.
In the past Cleaver can not be separated from the life of the Sundanese people because of its function as agricultural equipment. This statement is contained in ancient texts Sanghyang Siksa Kanda Karesian Ng (1518 M) and the oral tradition that developed in several areas including in the area of ​​scaffolding, Ciamis. Evidence which substantiates the claim that cleaver as farming equipment can still be seen to this day on the Bedouins, Banten and Pancer Pangawinan in Sukabumi.
"All kinds of forging, there are three different kinds. Weapons of the prabu are: sword, ABET (whip), Pamuk, machetes, teundeut pesos, a dagger. Giant who made his god, because it is used to kill. Weapons peasants are: cleaver, baliung, servant, kored, tapping knife. daitya taken as gods, because it used to take what can be tasted and drunk. Weapons pastor is: when Katri, expression peso, the peso dongdang, Pangot, pakisi. Danawa taken as gods, because it is used to cut off everything, That's three different types of weapons on the prebu, on farmers, on the pastor. So if we want to know everything, ask the blacksmith. "
- Sanghyang siksakanda ng Karesian Canto XVII.

With the progress, technological, cultural, social and economic Sundanese people, Cleaver was experiencing growth and shifting form, function and meaning. From an agricultural equipment, cleaver developed into an object that has its own character and tends to be a valuable weapon symbolic and sacred. The new form of the cleaver as we know it today is estimated to be born between the 9th century to the 12th century.

Parts Cleaver (Kujang).

Characteristics of a cleaver has tajaman side and part names, among others: papatuk / congo (resembling an arrow tip cleaver), eluk / reparation (grooves on the back), cistern (arches stand on the abdomen) and eyes (small hole covered with metal gold and silver). Apart form cleaver very unique material characteristics tend to thin, the material is dry, porous and contains a lot of metal elements of nature.
In Bogor Pantun as told by Anis Djatisunda (996-2000), cleaver has a variety of function and form. By function, cleaver divided four among others: Cleaver Heritage (symbol of grandeur and safety protection), Kujang Pakarang (to fight), Cleaver Pangarak (as a ceremonial tool) and Cleaver Pamangkas (as a farming tool). While based on the shape of the blades is nothing called Cleaver Jago (resembling the shape of a rooster), Cleaver Ciung (resembling a bird Ciung), Cleaver egrets (resembling egrets / bango), Cleaver Rhinoceros (resembling a rhinoceros), Cleaver Dragon (mythological animal resembling a dragon) and cleaver Kuhl (like frogs). Besides, there is also typology cleaver blade-shaped shadow play with the heroine as a symbol of fertility.

Mythology.

According to the parents there who give a very noble philosophy of the Cleaver as;
Ku-ji Jang-rek neruskeun padamelan elderly karuhun urang
Promise to continue the struggle elder ancestor urang / ancestors namely upholding human and characteristic ways how to characterize the nation. What is that?

Human traits way there are 5:

Compassion (Compassion),
Manners (Ethics behave),
Usuk steps (Ethics Speak),
Cultivation Bases Budi,
Na Yuda Wiwaha Raga ("Ngaji Agency".

Nation characteristic way there are 5:

Face,
Language,
Indigenous,
Literacy,
Culture
Actually there are many implicit philosophy of Cleaver is not just a weapon for defeating the enemy in time of war or just used as other tools.

History Form Cleaver (Kujang).

Cleaver value as an amulet or talisman, first appeared in the history of the kingdom of Padjadjaran Makukuhan and Panjalu. Precisely during the reign of Prabu Kudo Lalean (also called King Horse Lelean in the land of Sunda and the Kingdom Panjalu Ciamis). King Horse Lelean / Kudo Lalean also known as Bunisora ​​and Hyang Guru in Jampang since become an ascetic or a sage who qualified in Jampang (Sukabumi).
Since then, Cleaver gradually kings and nobles used it as a symbol of the Kingdom of authority and supernatural powers. Once, Prabu Kudo Lalean doing penance somewhere. Suddenly the prabu inspired to redesign the shape Cleaver, who had been used as an agricultural tool.
Surprisingly, the latest design in the minds of the King, shaped like the island of "Djawa Dwipa", known as the island of Java in the present. Well, after getting inspiration was, immediately prabu Kudo Lalean commissioned Mpu Windu Supo, a blacksmith from the royal family. He was asked to make the blade as it exists in the mind of the King. At first, Mpu Windu Supo upset about the form of weapons that must be made. So before doing the work, Mpu Windu Supo meditation, the mind of the prabu telescoped. Finally obtained a prototype for shadow neighbor (prototype) such weapons had in mind Kudo Lalean.
After the meditation was over, Mpu Windu Supo started its work. With magical touches enriched spiritual values ​​of philosophy, then be a weapon that has a high strength. This is a uniquely shaped Cleaver, and become a powerful magical object. This weapon has 2 pieces striking characteristics. The shape resembles Java and there are 3 hole somewhere on the blade. This is a weapon that the next generation is always associated with the kingdom of Padjadjaran Makukuhan.
Java itself is a form of philosophy of the ideals of the King, to unite the small kingdoms of Java into a single kingdom headed by the King of Padjadjaran Makukuhan. While the three holes in the blade symbolizes the Trimurti, or three aspects of the Godhead of the Hindu religion, which is also observed by Kudo Lalea. Three aspects of the Godhead refers to Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Hindu trinity (Trimurti) also represented three major kingdoms at that time. Kingdoms, among others Pengging Wiraradya, which is located in the eastern part of Java; White Kambang kingdom, which is located in the northern part of Java, and the Padjadjaran Makukuhan kingdom, located in the West.
Cleaver forms develop further in future generations. Different models have sprung up. When the growing influence of Islam in society, Cleaver had experienced their shape resembles the Arabic letter "shin". This is an attempt of the Sundanese region, namely King Kian Santang (known also by the name of King Borosngora, and Bunisora ​​Suradipati of royal Panjalu), who wish to Islamize clicking Sundanese people. Finally nuanced Cleaver Hindu philosophy and religion of ancient cultures, be reconstructed in accordance with the philosophy of Islamic teachings. Shin itself is the first letter in rhyme (sentence) creed in which human stiap will testify of the One God and Muhammad as his messenger. By delivering the shahada and intentions in the heart of this, then every human being is automatically converted to Islam.
Manifestations of Islamic values ​​in Cleaver weapon is expanding the area of ​​the blade that conform to the shape of the letter shin. Cleaver latest model should be able to remind the owner with his loyalty to Islam and its teachings. Five holes on the Cleaver has replaced the meaning of Trimurti. The fifth hole 5 pole symbolizes Islam (pillars). Since then the model Cleaver describes the blend of the two styles designed Prabu Kudo Lalean and Prabu Kian Santang. But Cleaver authority as a weapon heirloom full "other forces" and could give certain powers to its possessor, remain attached.
In its development, Cleaver weapon no longer used by kings and nobility. Ordinary people also often use the same Cleaver as the King and nobles. In the Sundanese people, Cleaver often seen on display as a home decorating.
It is said that there is a kind of faith that relates to luck, protection, honor, dignity and others. However, there are some superstitions are considered a taboo that should not be done. Namely displaying Cleaver in pairs on the wall with a sharp blade next to the line of sight. This is taboo or prohibition. Moreover, one should not take a shot of him standing between two Cleaver in those positions. Reportedly, this will cause the death of that person within one year, but no more can be less. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/06/you-know-cleaver.html
DatePublished: June 16, 2015 at 13:54

Tags : You Know Cleaver.

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