When Take Off and Landing.

Aircraft is awesome mode of transportation than land and sea transport modes.

That's because it can be said against the laws of nature to defy gravity.

Due to the unique nature of this too, the air transport mode is the safest mode of transportation among others, as well as the most dangerous.

Among other phases of flight operations, take off and landing phase is the most critical and dangerous phase of flight operations.
This is reinforced by Boeing research conducted in the period 1950-2004 in which the majority of accidents occur on take-off phase (17%) and landing (51%).

In the second stage depends on the readiness and capability of the major players are pilots and air traffic control (Air Traffic Controller / ATC).

Some of the dangers that often occurs during take off and landing.
Far more often a combination of several events simultaneously.

Collisions with vehicles.

Passing vehicles at the airport must have the permission of the traffic control on land.
But sometimes often ignore and can be fatal.
Or the other way around as is the case in Singapore Airlines Flight 006 in 2000 at the International Airport of Chiang Kai-Shek, Taiwan.
Pilot one Interpret direction of ATC and stray to the runway that was built and crashed into construction vehicles.

Collisions with aircraft.

There is a great possibility of this risk occurs in dense traffic airports, planes landing is above the plane took off.
Or on the contrary there is a plane that suddenly cut off aircraft landing without permission from ATC. Finally a collision, anyone not want to experience it but speak the possibility is always possible.
One of the near-fatal incident was on September 11, 1990 in Sydney airport where a plane B-747 Qantas being drawn across the runway skipped by a B-747 Cathay Pacific is being takeoff.

Cathay plane containing 263 passengers managed to avoid a distance of 70 meters.
Almost accidents happen in the Canary Islands.
The tragic events that claimed as many as 583 inhabitants largest is the case in 1978 in which two B-747 (KLM position PANAM take off and landing approach position) collided on the runway at Tenerife Airport.

Puddle On the Runway.

There are various consequences that affect the performance of the aircraft during take off.
Puddles will hinder the wheels and thus require a longer time to reach the necessary speed to fly. Bad if water splashes into the aircraft engine in large quantities can cause the engine to die.

Meanwhile, when the landing would create a hazard hidroplanning. Where the aircraft wheel floating on the surface of the water and hard braking. As a result, the aircraft can overshoot or slipping. 

The Poor Eyesight power (Low Visibility)

Can be caused by weather, fog, and so on.

Very dangerous because pilots can not see if there is something dilandasan (runway incursion).

Airmen will be too late to see it so it will be too late to take an action.

As for landing, the pilot must do divert to another airport.

Do not force yourself to fly instrument if the airport does not have adequate equipment.

For pioneering the airport with the weather that is often fickle and dangerous misty with topography as in Papua for example, there are strict regulations "No See No Fly" that aviation safety is maintained.

Wind From The Pretty Hard Side.

For large aircraft may not be very influential in maintaining the direction of either taking off or landing but should not be ignored, because the wind is strong enough to be pushed one wing touched the runway.

Rupture tires.

As in the car, which burst tires would be very dangerous because there is a tendency to run sideways towards the tire burst.

Fractional aircraft tires can harm as happened in the French Air tragedy, Concorde in 2000 that once completed the career of this supersonic passenger aircraft.

Meanwhile, as much as possible during landing pilots landed at an appropriate speed and slow procedures aircraft with air brake equipment or thrust reverser.

Do not force always wear aircraft wheel brake to avoid a tire and extend the life of aircraft tires.

Bird Strike.

It seems strange, that small birds can result in danger for large aircraft.

But it should be remembered that the take off and landing is a critical situation even the slightest danger fatal.

For example, only in 1995, the E-3 Sentry aircraft US Air Force crashed shortly after take off from Elmendorf, Anchorage, Alaska.

Studies have shown no goose carcasses scattered around the runway where the accident.

Proved that this threat could prove fatal and air dropping of the radar to fly the Boeing B707.

Engine Failure.

Being one of the most important points in the crew briefing so that the entire crew is always vigilant in the face of the worst circumstances.

If during take off occurs at the speed V1, cancel or continue the take-off have this level of danger or less the same.

Temperature Inversion.

Is the change in temperature / temperature in reverse.

Temperatures will grow cold, or at least equal to the height of 500-1000 feet.

In the Middle East during the summer often occurs in reverse.

About 35 degrees and 40 degrees on the runway at an altitude of 1000 feet.

This is very dangerous because it affects the performance of the machine is down dramatically.

This incident is difficult to detect both by equipment and meteorological equipment.

Airmen who experience it must immediately notify the ATC in order to remind the next plane will take off or landing.

Wind Shear & microbust.

Wind Shear is the wind changed suddenly.

The most dangerous in the event of a change of 180 degrees.

The wind from the front suddenly changed direction into from behind resulted in the aircraft loses lift suddenly.

While the result of Cloud Comulunimbus microbust (Cb) which is the main enemy aviators and anyone would try to avoid.

Because if there is a downdraft caused microbust, there is no forgiveness for any aircraft capable slammed to the ground.

Dated July 9, 1982 accident that befell PANAM could be an example of the enormity of the combination of wind shear and microbust.

B-727 passenger plane 141 people lose lift, slammed and crashed after take off from Moisant Airport, New Orleans.

American aviation authority, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) paid great attention to this issue especially since 1960, approximately 500 aircraft harm or near misses with a similar pattern, knocked down both during take off and landing.

This phenomenon is visible and short duration (median 10 minutes) are difficult to trace until the decade of the 90s mounted equipment Alert System Low level wind shear, which could give a two-minute warning before microbust it appears.

Wind Turbulence.

Is a phenomenon caused by the wing tips Vortec.

Wind flow from the wing tip and larger circular down.

Plane through which the trajectory will produce dangerous wind turbulence behind aircraft.

Some take off and landing procedures to deal with this wind turbulence is studied by every aviator but the ATC can also help to give pause at least 5 minutes, both take off and landing in order to wind turbulence disappears.

Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

author:

http://schema.org/Personal.

https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.

name: Bambang Sunarno.

http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/when-take-off-and-landing.html

DatePublished: December 6, 2014 at 17:29

Tag : When Take Off and Landing.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Aircraft Wheel Movement system.

Background.

The aircraft is one of the modal transportation very often used by most people to travel long distances. Obviously the safety factor is needed to ensure the safety of the passengers. One factor working system security is the plane itself. The whole system of the aircraft has a very important function and interrelated. If one system can not work properly, it will disrupt the overall system. For example, when the aircraft will be landing (landing), but the system is working to remove the aircraft wheel does not work then the plane could not land safely and would greatly endanger passengers. To that end, one of the functions of aircraft systems work well to note is the landing gear system. Landing gear wheels system is a system plane when landing (landing) or off (take off). When the plane will land, the aircraft must be able lowered wheel so that the aircraft can be landed and drove over the runway. Likewise, when the plane will take off (take off) then the wheels must be able to be raised and put in a plane flying in the air so that the system can be balanced. Whether or not the wheels moving aircraft pilots known only through indicator lights inside the cockpit of the aircraft. The pilot did not know the exact position of the wheel in real time while on the move.

This study, entitled Designing Prototype Landing Gear System And Movement Monitoring Aircraft Wheels With AVR Microcontroller Based Kalman Filter aims to realize the prototype aircraft landing systems and monitoring the movement of aircraft wheels by using a low-cost microcontroller system. In this study will be presented the design of a microcontroller system that can be used and reliable in the industry. The design of the control system includes a system power supply is used, EMI filters for protection against electromagnetic interference, optocoupler as electrical protection to avoid sudden reset to the microcontroller due to the use of relays, as well as the use of Kalman filters for sensor readings gyroscope and accelerometer to monitor movement of the prototype wheels plane. In this study, monitoring simulated via laptop display with serial communication so that the movement of the wheels can be observed in real time. Mechanical system design also conducted to simulate the conditions of an actual emergency landing aircraft.

The prototype is equipped with a lamp indicator LED and buzzer to meet the needs of the landing gear system simulation. Later, the prototype is expected to be a reference to the application of microcontrollers in high technology such as aircraft. In addition, aircraft wheels monitoring system in real time is expected to increase the factor of safety and ease pilot in overseeing the work system in particular aircraft movement aircraft wheels.

Problem Formulation.

Based on the above background, the problem can be formulated in this study, namely:
1. What is the procedure correct aircraft landing system.
2. How to design a mechanical system on the prototype landing gear system.
3. How to design a prototype system on the landing gear control system.
4. How to design a prototype system of monitoring the movement of aircraft wheels.

Prototype Design And Monitoring System Landing Gear Wheel Movement Based AirCraft Kalman.

Some of the objectives to be achieved in this study :

1. Understand the landing gear system operations both normal and emergency conditions (emergency).
2. Understand the landing gear drive system. (for this final task is simulated using a pneumatic system, while actually using the hydraulic system).
3. Understand the parameters reference operational landing gear drive system.
4. Designing a control system for operating the landing gear.
5. Designing a mechanical system for operating the landing gear.
6. Designing HMI prototype for monitoring the movement of aircraft wheels.
7. Sync control systems with mechanical systems landing gear system.
8. Perform operational testing on the prototype landing gear system for normal and emergency conditions.

Benefits Research

The benefits of this research are :

1. Applying the AVR microcontroller control system in high technology such as aircraft.
2. Being one of the affordable technology solutions and also reliable to be applied.
3. As a tool for young engineers in understanding the aircraft's systems, especially the landing gear system.
4. Adding a safety factor on the plane because the pilot can monitor in real time the movement of the wheels. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/aircraft-wheel-movement-system.html
DatePublished: December 6, 2014 at 14:12

Tag : Aircraft Wheel Movement system.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Landing aircraft speed.

Every time a plane would landing, there is one thing that always makes me curious, how when landing the plane that weighs tons with a short runway distance then with full speed, so it is with the fighter aircraft landing on an aircraft carrier.

Have you ever thought about how to best reduce the speed at a speed of about 200 knots, or about 300-400 km / h? Well, in this post you will know how best to slow down at high speed and is only available within 3000-4000 meters. Aircraft pilots are not the same as a bus driver, taxi, motorcycle, or three-wheeler that just pressing the brake pedal and pull the handbrake. It turns out, the plane has several stages to slow down.

Spoiler

First, the pilot will use a spoiler located on the top of the wing. Spoiler useful as Airbrake (air drag) to reduce thrust and lift the aircraft, although only occurs in part a change in airspeed. What if the pilot is only used as a spoiler air brakes? Surely plane will go up to several kilometers from the deadline for the runway (runway).

Flap

Previously I will explain in advance, what the flap? Flap or flaps are commonly called surface that will be subject to cuts contained in the rear edge of the wing. By the time the pilot lowered the flaps air speed will drop dramatically (stall). The size of the flap on commercial aircraft is usually larger than the point as well as a spoiler and air drag (Airbrake).

Various types of flaps  :

1. Plain Flap: 

This type is commonly used on small aircraft / dragonfly and cover the use of simple types and are usually used for braking during landing. In Plain Flap across the crease to lower the maximum to be able to slow down quickly

2. Split Flap: 

In Split Flap only the bottom flap which is lowered, while the top remains normal. This type of flap method invented by Orville Wright and James M. H Jacob in 1920. The flap like this are usually found on the Douglas DC-3 and C-47.

3. Fowler Flap: 

Flap type is commonly found in commercial aircraft / passenger. Fowler flaps similar to the Plain Fowler Flap Flap but gave little gap as by air (airflow). This type of flap was first discovered by Harlan D. Fowler in 1924.
Actually there are many more types of flap, because too much I did not explain one by one.

Landing Gear

Do you know what it's landing gear? Landing gear or in Indonesian aircraft wheel is part of the aircraft used during take off or landing. By the time the plane left the ground / runway, the pilot will include the landing gear into the space landing gear. What's the point? The point is to reduce air drag when the aircraft is in the sky at high speed and also to reduce the damage to the landing gear against a very strong wind. At the time the plane to land, then lowered the landing gear useless to reduce the bit rate and the base plane to land at the time of touch down (touching the ground). In addition to the base landing, the landing gear is also used as a frictional force on the runway (drag). It's obvious, is not it? With the landing gear will be there at the same air drag friction force on the runway.

Reverse Thrust

The braking section uses aircraft jet engines. How does it work? Aircraft jet engines (thrust) has thrust to the back to increase the speed of the aircraft, but in this section will change the aircraft jet engine thrust so that the wind of the jet engine will be pushed to the front of the plane. It is certain, if the wind is super great or also called jet blast, pushed forward will reduce the rate of aircraft.

Autobrake

This is the last part of the braking found on the landing gear. The braking process using a hydraulic brake or almost the same as in an ordinary car braking. Autobrake only used when the speed of the aircraft has been slow, if Autobrake used when touch down've definitely canvas will burn and might slip plane. Autobrake used during landing or take off.

Not pictured is not it? How difficult aircraft braking when compared to other vehicles. Really do not know whether the pilot was replaced by the most experienced vehicle drivers. It certainly will continue over the limit runway.

For landing large aircraft, military aircraft, and space shuttle uses the following sections:

Parachute

Besides being used for skydiving, it is also used in the braking parachute aircraft. Why braking parachute is rarely used on commercial aircraft? The explanation is this: when the parachute is issued and lie perfectly parachute will make a huge shock effect. Due to the high air speed dropped dramatically. So the parachute only used on military aircraft, space shuttle, and a large aircraft that can not slow down the speed at a certain distance.

Cable Hook

This particular cable hook used on landing on aircraft carrier (aircraft carrier) which has a short runway. Braking is quite simple way, the first aircraft will issue a thin piece of metal hook before landing on the aircraft carrier, then it will be related to the metal hook on the hook wires that lie in the flight deck.

Retaining nets

Braking tool is also used on aircraft carriers, but at the time of an emergency landing. What is it? The emergency landing like a plane is damaged and can not reduce his speed. Prior to approaching aircraft flight deck, flight deck officers will spread the retaining net made of very strong mine. Then the plane will crash into the barrier nets without bumping into another plane or take to the sea.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/landing-aircraft-speed.html
DatePublished: December 6, 2014 at 13:40

Tag : Landing aircraft speed.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Runway system.

Runways (English: Runway) is a rectangular area specified in the airport on land or water that is used for landing and takeoff of aircraft.

Naming.

Name runway taken from him by rounding to the nearest tens, eg 36 for a runway that leads to 360 degrees (north). Because of a runway can be used in both directions, naming there is any difference between the two with 18. Example: runway 27/09.
If the airport has a runway with some of the same direction, will be identified with the addition of the letter L, C, and R for Left, Center, and Right (left, middle, right) were added at the end. Example: runway 02R / 20L.

Classification Landing Runway.

Classification runway is determined by:

Completeness aids flight navigation at airports.
Dimensions runway.
Completeness aids flight navigation.
Completeness of navigation aids flight includes:
Precision instruments; Aids to navigation flight equipped runway landing aids Instrument Landing System (ILS) and visual landing aids.
Non-precision instrument; Aids to navigation flight runway equipped with navigation aids flying Doppler Very High Frequency Omni Directional Range (DVOR) and visual landing aids.
Non instrument; Aids to navigation flight runway equipped with a flight navigation aids Non-directional beacon (NDB).
Dimensions runway.
Code number 1; The length of the runway is less than 800 meters.
Code number 2; Runway length = 800 meters or more but less 1,200 meters.
Code number 3; Runway length = 1,200 meters or more but less 1,800 meters.
Code number 4; Runway length = 1,800 meters or more.

Technical.

In general, the runway has a layer of asphalt "hot mix" with the degree and direction identification number written with letters, as well as horizontal lines similar to the "zebra crossing" on the tip ends of reducing the number of lines when heading to the runway center indicating the time when the aircraft must land (wheels touch the runway on landing) and take off.

In particular foundations, tip end of the runway which is used to touch down or take off a layer of concrete used, not asphalt, to avoid melting asphalt when the plane took off at full engine power, especially fighter aircraft using afterburners mechanism causing flame on nozzle (exhaust) aircraft engines. Asphalt is best used natural asphalt, and is best used is bitumen produced from Trinidad and Tobago country, so do not use petroleum bitumen processed, which is easy to melt / soften due to the sun's heat, pressure and heat generated from the exhaust gas bursts aircraft engines. At the bottom of the asphalt layer is used layers of stone, not coral as well as the use of paving roads. Runway is made with certain technical calculations so that the surface remains dry, even in the rainy season, and prevent its waterlogged runway resulted in the aircraft experienced aquaplanning, especially when it landed very dangerous.
On the right and left edges and ends of the runway end lights and given the poles used to help navigate the navigation more in bad weather and night flights.

Pioneer airport runway has a simpler construction than the first commercial airport is the airport in remote areas. The runway is known as an airstrip. Sometimes it's just a piece of land that was given hardened layer of grass, and to prevent the collapse of the soil used steel stick or pad marston (layer perforated steel plate hole). In Indonesia, the runway as it is used in rural areas of Irian Jaya or West Papua. Construction runway were used during World War II for military purposes as making more practical.
The length of the runway depends on temperature, wind speed and direction, as well as the pressure of the surrounding air. In desert areas and in the highlands, is generally used runway longer than commonly used in airports and even the international airport, because the air pressure is lower. For example, the runway in the city of Doha, Qatar has a length of up to more than 5,000 meters.
Particular runway is equipped with cable holder for landing aircraft (arrester cable) even aircraft catapult (catapult), especially for the short runway and the runway on an aircraft carrier.

Maintenance.

Runways at each airport are generally cleaned from dust or gravel, and even other foreign objects that would endanger the safety of flight (in the world of aviation, foreign objects known as FOD). Plane crash on the runway is generally caused due to foreign objects either into the engine and damage the aircraft airframe or aircraft wheels when taking off or landing. It is like that of the Concorde plane at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, France in 2000 which caused the aircraft caught fire and crashed, killing all passengers, crew and locals. More because of the weather and even bird disturbance so generally in every commercial airport even pioneering equipped watchtowers which oversees air traffic control, communication and even weather information. In particular airport, equipped with sensors and bird repellent and weather sensors and sensors to measure the level of noise generated from aircraft engines.
Besides that, each runway is equipped with a runway sweeper vehicle and equipment cleaning chemicals to clean the rest of the runway especially rubber traces generated by the wheels of the aircraft if not cleaned can also interfere with flight safety. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/runway-system.html
DatePublished: December 6, 2014 at 11:16

Tag : Runway system.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Paradise Bay Got biggest shark.

Rhincodon typus, aka the whale shark is the biggest shark in the earth. Kwantisore Village at Paradise Bay, Papua is the location of the whale shark conservation. A traveler can find even swim with this giant fish.

Aquatic Paradise Bay in the north of Papua is the largest National Park in Indonesian waters. Paradise Bay is also the largest marine protected areas in Indonesia, as well as the whale shark research center (whale shark).

This is where, precisely in the village Kwantisore, whale sharks often come to the surface and used to interaction with tourists. Citing the official website of tourism in Indonesia, Thursday (04/12/2014), they usually appear around the chart (houseboat where to fish). There are 8 charts contained in the village Kwantisore.

This benign giant animals 14 meters in length, but only takes up a small anchovy (fish castle) and the plankton. Whale sharks can be invoked by throwing fish into the sea castle. They also, sometimes in groups, immediately pops to the surface of the water!

"In the past this whale shark was hunted by the people. Then the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and WWF in collaboration with the National Park to make a village-based conservation in Kwantisore tour. Be the whale sharks are now generating income for local communities," said Director of Utilization and Environmental Services and Forest Conservation Area protected MoF, Bambang Supriyanto when contacted detikTravel.

Paradise Bay National Park (TNTC) is a bay surrounded by several islands. There Biak Island, Yapen, Yoop, Nusrowi, Mioswaar, Noemfoor, and Rumberpon. Paradise Bay is located on the shores of the Pacific Ocean and the continental plates, so it is very rich in flora and fauna.

"Of course, travelers should maintain the continuity of the National Park. Admission TNTC Rp 5,000 for domestic tourists, and Rp 150,000 for foreign tourists. Snorkeling Rp 15,000 and Rp 25,000 diving. Cheap, right?" said Bambang.

Problem underwater fauna, visitors would be interested in Raja Ampat. In fact, Paradise Bay fauna is equally diverse. There are giant clams, sharks, dolphins, dugongs, 209 species of fish, as well as four species of sea turtles are protected hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), turtle (Lepidochelys olivaceae), and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea ).

Kwantisore Village, a traveler can swim with whale sharks at sea level. Besides Kwantisore, a traveler can find Ahe whale sharks that are part Harlem Islands. Yoop Island, Wendesi, Wasior, and Yomber also become a favorite location to see whales and dolphins, and saw a number of colonial relics of the 18th century.

The best time to visit this national park is May to October, although the whale sharks are always there throughout the year. You can visit the Office of the Park, at Jalan Trikora Wosi Rendani, Manokwari.

Some diving operators provide diving facilities, among others, the Pearl of Papua and Papua Diving. All tour operators here are services of local residents.

"They provide tour packages. Starting from airport pick-up, stay at a homestay, a boat ride to Kwantisore, as well as other tourist objects," Bambang added.

To attain Paradise Bay, available for flights from Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, and Makassar to Biak. From Biak, available aircraft pioneers such as Susi Air to Manokwari or Nabire. From Nabire Airport, you can proceed to the Park, motor boat about 3 hours drive. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/paradise-bay-got-biggest-shark.html
DatePublished: December 5th, 2014 at 14:01

Tag : Paradise Bay Got biggest shark.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Indonesia Papua New Guinea border.

Sota in Merauke district is the easternmost point of Indonesia. In this district, there is a beautiful garden that has a border monument Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. You can stand on one leg in Indonesia, one foot in Papua New Guinea. Unique.

Before heading to the border monument, you will see the Monument Twins Sabang Merauke, to mark the western and eastern Indonesia. Like when visiting Sota District in less than 1 hour from the town of Merauke some time ago.

Twin monuments Sabang Merauke is referred to as a symbol of the easternmost point. This monument has an inscription that reads' One Nusa One Nation One Language We Homeland Definitely Jaya For S'lama old Indonesian Indonesian Heritage Beloved Country and our Nation and Language Arts Together. "

Furthermore, about 30 minutes from there, you can move on to the park or park Border MM 13 Red and White. Deliberately so named because of the red color of the dominant white to decorate this leafy park. This is really the limit of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

The proof, before entering the garden there is a gate that read 'Good Bye And See You Again Another Day'. Then, the Red and White Garden away a few hundred meters away.

To get to the border monument Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, you have to

walk through the bush. Get ready made surprised, because it was the monument boundary only a small stone measuring half a meter and reads 23.8. Figures 23.8 indicates the date and month marked the end point of the eastern border of Indonesia by the survey team from Indonesia and Australia in 1967. This is the eastern Indonesian border monument truth.

After only a small stone monument, the next is the land of Papua New Guinea. Stay jump, Congratulations you've set foot in Papua New Guinea. Or want to try, putting one foot in Indonesia and one foot in Papua New Guinea?

But as far as the eye could see, there are only shrubs, house ants height of two meters and weeds only. Wereafere nearest settlement is the village inhabited by indigenous people of Papua New Guinea and is 15 miles from the border monument.

No problem, you can also meet people from Papua New Guinea passing there. When passed, they will usually say 'good day' to you.

Parks MM 13 or Taman Merah Putih itself is quite pretty. There is ample parking, souvenir shops and restaurants. Unique, the whole building there are painted red and white and there are many words that evoke the spirit of nationalism. Some of them like 'Untukmu Indonesia, Love Unlimited'.

The park turned out to be treated by Ipda Ma'Ruf Suroto, a police officer who has been working since 1993 in the District Sota. In 2005, he moved to reorganize the park that was once only shrubs and not treated.

The results of his efforts, the park is already well known as a tourist destination. Many local people who vacation there to relax in the shady garden, see the anthill of close and definitely feel the atmosphere in Indonesia's eastern tip. Thank you sir!

You can go Sota from Merauke District by car. The tour guide there is Ipda Ma'Ruf Suroto own and there is no standard admission price, aka voluntarily.

The gardens were beautiful, as the eastern border of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea entrance into Indonesian society.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/indonesia-papua-new-guinea-border.html
DatePublished: December 5th, 2014 at 12:12

Tag : Indonesia Papua New Guinea border.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

Sriwijaya Dutch country.

More than three centuries Indonesia was colonized by the Dutch, ranging from VOC in the early 1600s until the Dutch colonial government in the 1700s to the 1940s. Surely it is not a short time for occupiers who stop and dredge treasure Indonesian homeland. During a period of three centuries, the Dutch have a lot of tortured people of Indonesia and they also have to make this country as their second homeland because almost half of the Netherlands while that ever lived and long lived in colonial Indonesia.

For the sake of making Indonesia a second residence after their homeland in the Netherlands, many colonial government settlement building as a residence for the Dutch citizen who was many circulating in Indonesia, in addition to luxury homes built for the convenience of the occupiers and their families, the colonial government was built many office buildings are magnificent for their sustainability succeed in the colonies. Comparatively very much once colonial buildings remaining in Indonesia, as well as a monument for the people to remember that our first ever colonized more than three centuries by the Dutch colonists, buildings and even then today many converted as local government offices or as a museum, where all was done so that the rest of the colonial building maintenance can be better controlled, in fact it's pretty powerful way many ancient buildings are still dashing colonial remnant stands today even though he was already more than 100 years once.

Colonial buildings Existing In Palembang.

Most of the ancient buildings of the colonial remnant numerous in Java since then Java is the administrative center of the Netherlands. However, many of the ancient building of the Dutch colonial located in other areas such as Sumatra, Sulawesi and Bali although its presence is not as much as in Java.

Until the late 1960s in Palembang there are still many remaining buildings that stood proudly Dutch colonial sidelines Musi river but the current development Ampera Bridge (1962) most of the colonial buildings demolished for land acquisition for the construction of the bridge.

After completion of the bridge shall be built (1965) on the land that was once there are many ancient buildings remaining colonial, colonial buildings and then more rest without a definite cause leveling destroyed to construct new buildings which they consider one of the better and more modern example is a large post office that used to be the city of Palembang former post office building owned by the Dutch, the end of the 1970s destroyed and replaced with new buildings as it is still standing and we could see.

Wrong policies of the current government in dealing with old buildings made not many ancient buildings remaining Dutch rest in Palembang, while the remaining buildings are currently not many and only partially preserved as Warrior Hall, Headquarters DLAJ, Housing Netherlands in Gutter ants, some Dutch church, Plumbing Office (Office of the Mayor of Palembang) and Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II.

Of all the ancient buildings and the Netherlands are maintained intact in Palembang there are some that are currently becoming a landmark of the Office Plumbing (Palembang Mayor's Office) and the Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II. The building is now a silent witness that first Palembang also was colonized by the Dutch. As the current generation of youth is certainly remaining ancient buildings is a very valuable asset for us because at this time of such ancient building very step and difficult to find in the midst of a concrete jungle of modern buildings in the crowded metropolis.

As a nation that respects the history we have helped preserve the rest of the Dutch colonial buildings because from there we can learn about the history of the struggle of our heroes when expelled the Dutch colonialists from Mother Earth, not the hatred which we demonstrate to the ancient building because it is considered to be the remains of colonization in this country, is not one of the ancient buildings precisely such buildings should we care for ancient buildings is an asset to this country either as an asset of science as a place to learn about the traces of colonization in our beloved homeland as well as an asset for tourists who want to see it directly building the rest of the colonists who still gallant stand to this day.

Plumbing office (Water Tower) and the Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II

Tells the story of colonization in Palembang trail through the rest of the building is not complete if we do not discuss the Office of the Plumbing and Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II because in addition to building a unique and beautiful architecture as well because this is the only building actually looks a little unkempt among other colonial buildings remaining.

Office Plumbing (Water Tower).

Plumbing office (Water Tower) is itself a Dutch-made buildings designed by an architect who came from Surabaya named Ir. S. Snuijf in 1929, officially Plumbing office building was first used in the 1930s. Plumbing office building itself has several levels where the first level since the days of the Netherlands has been used as an administrative center Gemeente Palembang and the top level is used as a shelter or clean water piped to all citizens who live in Palembang when it was mainly Dutch citizens who live in the vicinity of Jalan Tasik current and Dempo whose location is not far from the tower Plumbing Office.

Specifically Tower Water (Plumbing Office) has a height of 35 m with a water capacity that can be accommodated up to 1,200 cubic meters and a spacious tower located on Jalan Merdeka is 250 square meters.

Water tower Plumbing Office was created as an attempt by Gemeente Palembang then to provide clean water. At that time the Musi River is used as the sole water supply for the people of Palembang considered unfavorable because when the Musi River water is used as a one stop washing from washing rice (food), washing clothes, to wash the body. Thus making the colonial government felt the need to provide clean water for its citizens. The costs incurred by the Dutch colonial government at that time to establish the Office of Plumbing (Water Tower) is worth 1 ton of gold, the price itself is 1/3 of the value set by the Ir ever. Th. Karsten maker Palembang city master plan that is equal to 3 tons of gold.

Water Tower (Office Plumbing) itself has a number of times where the switching function in the first stand is used as a shelter and clean water Gemeente Dutch government center, then the current era of Japan (1942-1945) used as Syuco-right or Resident Office Palembang era Japan, then made in the town hall until 1956, this building has also been a silent witness to the action of youth Heroism Palembang when Independence was proclaimed in which youth when it raises a red and white flag in the four corners of the Plumbing Office on August 17, 1945, until finally since August 21 Office 1963 Plumbing (Water Tower) is used as the Office of the Municipal Government Center Palembang (Palembang Mayor's Office) or office is the number one place in Palembang until today.

Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II.

Many people believe that the Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II is currently the home of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II relics, the assumption was wrong because Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II is a former House building commissioner Netherlands (Regeering commisaris).

The fact that right is Building Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II built on land that was once the home or residence palace of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II. Before the defeat of the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam in 1821 on top of buildings that is now called the Museum Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II stood a palace complex named Palembang Darussalam Sultanate palace Kuto Lamo, in the adjoining palace directly with Beteng Kuto Besak (palace Kuto Besak) here Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II live.

However, in 1821 when the Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam conquered by the Dutch (in Palembang Into War II marked the arrest of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II were then exiled to Ternate) palace Kuto Lamo scorched earth, then on top of the ruins of the palace built Kuto Lamo Home Commissioner Netherlands (Regeering commisaris). Building materials such as floor is taken from the floor of the former palace Kuto Lamo. The Commissioner of the Dutch who first occupied this building in 1825 was JL van Sevenhoven.

Then, after the Netherlands lost and former House build Indonesia Dutch Commissioner independent switch functions to Building Museum SultanMahmud Badaruddin II (upper buildings) and the Office of Tourism Palembang (lower part of the building). Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com

author:

http://schema.org/Personal.

https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.

name: Bambang Sunarno.

http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/sriwijaya-dutch-country.html

DatePublished: December 5th, 2014 at 10:35

Tag : Sriwijaya Dutch country.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW