Aircraft is awesome mode of transportation than land and sea transport modes.
That's because it can be said against the laws of nature to defy gravity.
Due to the unique nature of this too, the air transport mode is the safest mode of transportation among others, as well as the most dangerous.Among other phases of flight operations, take off and landing phase is the most critical and dangerous phase of flight operations.
This is reinforced by Boeing research conducted in the period 1950-2004 in which the majority of accidents occur on take-off phase (17%) and landing (51%).
In the second stage depends on the readiness and capability of the major players are pilots and air traffic control (Air Traffic Controller / ATC).
Some of the dangers that often occurs during take off and landing.
Far more often a combination of several events simultaneously.
Collisions with vehicles.
Passing vehicles at the airport must have the permission of the traffic control on land.But sometimes often ignore and can be fatal.
Or the other way around as is the case in Singapore Airlines Flight 006 in 2000 at the International Airport of Chiang Kai-Shek, Taiwan.
Pilot one Interpret direction of ATC and stray to the runway that was built and crashed into construction vehicles.
Collisions with aircraft.
There is a great possibility of this risk occurs in dense traffic airports, planes landing is above the plane took off.Or on the contrary there is a plane that suddenly cut off aircraft landing without permission from ATC. Finally a collision, anyone not want to experience it but speak the possibility is always possible.
One of the near-fatal incident was on September 11, 1990 in Sydney airport where a plane B-747 Qantas being drawn across the runway skipped by a B-747 Cathay Pacific is being takeoff.
Cathay plane containing 263 passengers managed to avoid a distance of 70 meters.
Almost accidents happen in the Canary Islands.
The tragic events that claimed as many as 583 inhabitants largest is the case in 1978 in which two B-747 (KLM position PANAM take off and landing approach position) collided on the runway at Tenerife Airport.
Puddle On the Runway.
There are various consequences that affect the performance of the aircraft during take off.Puddles will hinder the wheels and thus require a longer time to reach the necessary speed to fly. Bad if water splashes into the aircraft engine in large quantities can cause the engine to die.
Meanwhile, when the landing would create a hazard hidroplanning. Where the aircraft wheel floating on the surface of the water and hard braking. As a result, the aircraft can overshoot or slipping.
The Poor Eyesight power (Low Visibility)
Can be caused by weather, fog, and so on.
Very dangerous because pilots can not see if there is something dilandasan (runway incursion).
Airmen will be too late to see it so it will be too late to take an action.
As for landing, the pilot must do divert to another airport.
Do not force yourself to fly instrument if the airport does not have adequate equipment.
For pioneering the airport with the weather that is often fickle and dangerous misty with topography as in Papua for example, there are strict regulations "No See No Fly" that aviation safety is maintained.
Wind From The Pretty Hard Side.
For large aircraft may not be very influential in maintaining the direction of either taking off or landing but should not be ignored, because the wind is strong enough to be pushed one wing touched the runway.
Rupture tires.
As in the car, which burst tires would be very dangerous because there is a tendency to run sideways towards the tire burst.
Fractional aircraft tires can harm as happened in the French Air tragedy, Concorde in 2000 that once completed the career of this supersonic passenger aircraft.
Meanwhile, as much as possible during landing pilots landed at an appropriate speed and slow procedures aircraft with air brake equipment or thrust reverser.
Do not force always wear aircraft wheel brake to avoid a tire and extend the life of aircraft tires.
Bird Strike.
It seems strange, that small birds can result in danger for large aircraft.
But it should be remembered that the take off and landing is a critical situation even the slightest danger fatal.
For example, only in 1995, the E-3 Sentry aircraft US Air Force crashed shortly after take off from Elmendorf, Anchorage, Alaska.
Studies have shown no goose carcasses scattered around the runway where the accident.
Proved that this threat could prove fatal and air dropping of the radar to fly the Boeing B707.
Engine Failure.
Being one of the most important points in the crew briefing so that the entire crew is always vigilant in the face of the worst circumstances.
Temperature Inversion.
Is the change in temperature / temperature in reverse.
Temperatures will grow cold, or at least equal to the height of 500-1000 feet.
In the Middle East during the summer often occurs in reverse.
About 35 degrees and 40 degrees on the runway at an altitude of 1000 feet.
This is very dangerous because it affects the performance of the machine is down dramatically.
This incident is difficult to detect both by equipment and meteorological equipment.
Airmen who experience it must immediately notify the ATC in order to remind the next plane will take off or landing.
Wind Shear & microbust.
Wind Shear is the wind changed suddenly.
The most dangerous in the event of a change of 180 degrees.
The wind from the front suddenly changed direction into from behind resulted in the aircraft loses lift suddenly.
While the result of Cloud Comulunimbus microbust (Cb) which is the main enemy aviators and anyone would try to avoid.
Because if there is a downdraft caused microbust, there is no forgiveness for any aircraft capable slammed to the ground.
Dated July 9, 1982 accident that befell PANAM could be an example of the enormity of the combination of wind shear and microbust.
B-727 passenger plane 141 people lose lift, slammed and crashed after take off from Moisant Airport, New Orleans.
American aviation authority, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) paid great attention to this issue especially since 1960, approximately 500 aircraft harm or near misses with a similar pattern, knocked down both during take off and landing.
This phenomenon is visible and short duration (median 10 minutes) are difficult to trace until the decade of the 90s mounted equipment Alert System Low level wind shear, which could give a two-minute warning before microbust it appears.
Wind Turbulence.
Is a phenomenon caused by the wing tips Vortec.
Wind flow from the wing tip and larger circular down.
Plane through which the trajectory will produce dangerous wind turbulence behind aircraft.
Some take off and landing procedures to deal with this wind turbulence is studied by every aviator but the ATC can also help to give pause at least 5 minutes, both take off and landing in order to wind turbulence disappears.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/12/when-take-off-and-landing.html
DatePublished: December 6, 2014 at 17:29
Tag : When Take Off and Landing.
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