The most extreme research.

The researchers / scientists willing to go to all kinds of places extreme in terms of science. Some where the research took place outside the comfort zone of a normal human, extreme conditions, sometimes even beyond the planet Earth.
Most laboratories around the world is an example of the unusual environment in which the experiments took place. Several studies carried out were in place under the shadow of the mountains or under the sea, but despite this fact, they all help and potentially add valuable insight in the workings of the universe.

Most laboratories Cold On Earth - IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Antarctica. 

IceCube Neutrino Observatory is located on the Antarctic ice sheet, under a thick layer of ice. Here, neutrinos will sometimes react with water molecules to produce radiation "Cherenkov", which can be taken by the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs).

IceCube Neutrino Observatory (or simply IceCube) is a neutrino telescope constructed at the Amundsen-Scott Station South Pole in the Antarctic region. Thousands of sensors are distributed with a volume of more than one cubic kilometer of Antarctic ice below.
The average temperature in winter is about -72 degrees F with the highest temperature at South Pole was recorded in December 1978 at the IceCube Lab 7derajat F. illuminated in the moonlight.
Aurora Australis or Southern Lights produce different colors based on where electrons are entering the atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen atoms face. Both types of atoms and altitude affect the visible color.

High in the laboratory on Earth - Pyramid Laboratory, Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal.

Pyramid Laboratory-Observatory, which is dedicated to Prof. Ardito Desio, opened in 1990 at an altitude of over 5000 meters, at the foot of the slopes of Everest Nepal, and takes the form of a glass pyramid of aluminum and steel.
This facility is operated by the Committee of Ev-K2-CNR and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, a partnership. Has spawned hundreds of scientific mission with the participation of hundreds of researchers and hundreds of different international scientific institutions.
Independent lodge made in Nepal lodge style architecture and can accommodate up to 20 researchers, technicians and logistics staff.

Deepest Underwater Laboratory On Earth - The NOAA Aquarius Reef Base, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida, USA 

NOAA - Aquarius Reef Base is an underwater habitat located in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, adjacent to Conch Reef. It is one of the underwater research facility in the world dedicated to science.

This laboratory is most often used by marine biologists as a home base as they study the coral reefs, fish and aquatic plants that live nearby and composition of the surrounding seawater. Aquarius is home to sophisticated equipment and computer lab, enabling scientists to perform research and process samples without leaving their underwater facilities.
Habitat accommodates four scientists and two technicians for missions an average of ten days. Scientists in Aquarius often called "Aquanauts". Because Aquarius allows saturation dive, then dive of habitat can last up to nine hours at a time, by comparison, surface dives usually last between one to two hours.

Earth's Biggest Physics Laboratory - CERN, Geneva, Switzerland and France Border 

European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire Italy: per la Ricerca Europea Organizzazione Nucleare), known as CERN.
CERN is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, the organization based in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco-Swiss border and has 20 European member states.

The term CERN is also used to refer to a laboratory, with an estimated 2,400 employees hired under a full-time, 1,500 part-time employees, and approximately 10,000 hosts visiting scientists and engineers, which represents hundreds of universities, research facilities and hundreds of statesmen.
CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research - as a result, many experiments have been constructed at CERN to follow international collaboration.
It is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web. The main site at Meyrin has a large computer center containing powerful data processing facilities, especially for the analysis of experimental-data, because of the need to make the facility available to other researchers, has historically been a major area wide network hub.

Deepest Underground Laboratory On Earth - SNOLAB, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada 

SNOLAB is an underground physics laboratory in Canada at a depth of about 2 km in Sudbury, Ontario. Originally from Sudbury Neutrino Observatory research (SNO) on mining has ended, but the facility has been expanded into a permanent underground physics laboratory. SNOLAB is the deepest underground laboratory facility in the world.
Although accessed through commercial mine dirty, adequate laboratory maintained as a class-2000 cleanroom (clean room), with very low levels of radiation and dust. With depth (2,070 m) of rock protected from cosmic rays, provides an environment for experiments that require high sensitivity.

Top Laboratory On Earth - (ISS) International Space Station, Space Station 

Space Station (ISS - International Space Station) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite in Earth orbit.

ISS serves as a research laboratory and a micro-gravity environment of space where the crews conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The station is suitable for testing of spacecraft systems and equipment needed for space missions.

ISS program is a joint project between the five participating space agencies are NASA, Roskosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. Ownership and use of the space station established by treaties and agreements.
The station is divided into two sections, the Russian orbital segment (ROS) and the U.S. orbital segment (USOS), which is shared by many countries. ISS maintain orbit with altitudes between 330 km (205 miles) and 435 km (270 miles) in a manner reboost maneuver using the engine from the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft. This completes the 15:50 orbit per day. ISS is funded until 2020, and can operate up to 2028. Thank you for reading this article.
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DatePublished: February 25, 2014 at 14:14
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The most amazing water bridge.

Navigation Waterways also called water bridge is a bridge structure that can be passed waterways , built on rivers , valleys , rail or road . Bridge navigable waterways that can be distinguished by size , small ships or boats , and people can go through the waterway .
The most popular water bridge is Magdeburg Water Bridge in Germany . The water bridge is the longest and most impressive in the world . Water channel has previously been used to supply water to the city for centuries , the drains are generally not used for traffic until the 17th century when the modern canal system began to emerge .

Magdeburg Water Bridge , Germany .

Magdeburg Water Bridge ( German : Kanalbrücke Magdeburg ) is the navigational waterways in Germany , opened in October 2003 and part of Magdeburg intersection drains . It connects the Elbe - Havel canal to the Mittelland canal , across the Elbe River . This aqueduct is known to be essential for the longest navigation waterways in the world, with a total length of approximately 918 meters ( 3,012 feet ) .
Elbe - Havel Canal and the Mittelland canal previously met near Magdeburg but on opposite sides of the Elbe , which is significantly lower altitude than two channels . Ships move should make the 12 kilometer ( 7.5 mile ) detour , down from the Mittelland Canal into the Elbe , then sailing downstream on the river , before climbing to the Elbe - Havel canal through Niegripp lock .

Aqueduct Ringvaart Haarlemmermeer , Netherlands .

The Ringvaart ( known in full as Ringvaart of the Haarlemmermeer Polder ) is a canal in the northern Netherlands . The Ringvaart ( meaning the Dutch language " ring canal " ) is a circular canal surrounding the Haarlemmermeer polder Haarlemmermeer and form the city limits . Ringvaart is also the name of the embankment bordering the canal .
Ringvaart water bridge .
Ringvaart used for commercial boat traffic and recreation . Most of it is part of the shipping routes from the IJsselmeer to the Hollands Diep , passable for boats with masts more than 6 meters ( 20 feet ) . Built in 1961 , making it the oldest waterways in the Netherlands . In 2006 , completed construction of two new sections . New water channel length of 1.8 kilometers ( 1.1 miles) .

Aqueduct Pont du Sart , Belgium .

Pont du Sart Aqueduct is a navigable aqueduct that carries Centrumkanaal ( channel in western Belgium ) for the intersection between N55 and N535 road near the town Houdeng - Goegnies . This concrete building has a length of 498 meters ( 1,600 feet ) and a width of 46 meters ( 150 feet ) . Aqueduct Pont du Sart weighs 65,000 tons and is supported by 28 concrete columns , with a diameter of three meters ( 10 feet ) .

Aqueduct Veluwemeer , Netherlands .

Veluwemeer are drains in the road N302 , near the small town of Harderwijk in the Netherlands East . It is located at the bottom of a small part of the lake Veluwemeer and at the same time connecting the mainland to the Dutch Flevoland . Veluwemeer has a length of about 25 meters ( 80 feet ) and below each day about 28,000 vehicles pass . Water channel was opened to traffic in 2002 .

Briare Aqueduct , France .

Briare Aqueduct is a canal channel Lateral à la Loire over the Loire River on its way to the River Seine in France . This aqueduct replaces river - crossings of the canal to meet the Briare Canal hazardous at the time of the flood . Between 1896 and 2003 it was the longest navigation waterways in the world until the opening of the Magdeburg Water Bridge , Germany . It is part of the Canal Lateral à la Loire , not as is commonly believed , Briare Canal .

Edstone Aqueduct , England .

Edstone Aqueduct is one of three water channel with a length of 4 miles ( 6 km ) of canals Stratford - upon - Avon in Warwickshire . At 475 feet ( 145 m ) , Edstone is the longest aqueduct in Britain . This aqueduct across a small road , Birmingham and train line in North Warwickshire .

Pontcysyllte Aqueduct , Wales .

Pontcysyllte Aqueduct , full name in Wales : Traphont Ddŵr is the Pontcysyllte aqueduct navigation Llangollen canal that connects the upper valley of the River Dee in Wrexham County Borough in north east Wales . Completed in 1805 , it is the longest and highest aqueduct in Britain , Grade 1 Listed Building and a World Heritage Site .
This name is in the Welsh language and means " bridge Cysyllte " . For most of its existence it was known as Pont y Cysyllte ( " Bridge of Cysyllte " ) . Other translations such as " Bridge Junction " or " bridge that connects " , the city of Cysyllte existed for centuries before the bridge was built .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 25, 2014 at 13:11

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Baliem Valley Dani culture.

- Background Culture. 

In the central highlands of Irian Jaya, lies a large valley with a length of 72 km and a width of 16-31 km, inhabited by soldiers and Neolithic farmers. Dani tribes and sub-tribes such as the Yali and Lani with their culture are very complex and primitive, which still looks like a "stone age". Baliem Valley is located in the district of Wamena, Irian Jaya, which is known as the home of indigenous Papuans.
Dani is A tribe who inhabited the area in the Baliem Valley known since hundreds of years ago as a skilled farmer and also formerly known already using the tool tooling tools even when discovered by experts, dani tribal people have known the use of tools such as: ax stones, knives made from animal bones and so forth.
In the last decades of the most isolated parts by swamps and mountains. They live among undergrowth, still maintain and raised pigs as a pet or animal can be said to prey. They still use the technology of the World Neolithic past.
There are about approximately 250,000 Dani live in the central highlands. Baliem Valley. One of the oldest tribes in the highlands of Papua which has the highest population density in the province of Papua.
Dani build their huts in a compound well, which express the character of environmental adaptation and Dani.
The temperature of the plateau ranges between 26 degrees Celsius during the day and 12 degrees at night. Forests where the Dani live very rich flora and fauna which are endemic often like paradise, Mambruk, parrot assortment of insect and butterfly diverse color and tone. For the culture of the Dani tribe itself, although Dani tribe of Christians, many of the ceremonies they are still old-style culture handed down by their ancestors. Dani believed to rekwasi. The whole religious ceremonies accompanied by singing, dancing and offerings to the ancestors. War and hostility usually occurs because of problems crossing the border areas, women and theft.
In this rekwasi, the soldiers will usually make tanfa with lard, shells, feathers, kus-kus, sago sticking, mango tree sap, and flowers in their body parts. Hand them carrying traditional weapons such as spears Dani, axes, machetes and bows and their arrows.
One other unique habit of Dani tribe itself is a habit they are singing the songs of heroism and or sad stories to cheer and also a time when their barriers to work. To the accompaniment of musical instruments or sang hum itself is usually a musical instrument Pikon, which is one tool that is inserted between their nostrils and ears. Besides as praising, this tool also doubles as a cue to a friend or foe in the woods when hunting.
This is a traditional house in the Baliem valley Dani - Papua. The house is named Houses Honai. The house is a traditional house honai in Papua are made of wood. What is unique is the hemispherical roof or dome and made of straw or reeds. Honai house is so small, cramped, and windowless. Such built to withstand the cold air from the surrounding mountains of Papua, this custom home high as 2.5 meters, although only 2.5 meters tall, Honai house consists of two floors. The first floor is used as a bed. On the second floor, the room is used as a place to rest, eat, and do crafts. In each connected by stairs between floors made of bamboo. Honai house usually occupied by 5-10 people. In its function, the house is divided into three types, namely home for men called Honai, or Ebei home for women, and for piggery or Wamai. All the same shape, but different functions. In a housing complex of this custom, we can find some Honai. Interestingly, the number of existing Ebei indicates the number of wives, because men in this area have more than one wife, especially chiefs. Although custom home Honai is home to indigenous peoples living Dani, but we are not going to find tools furniture or household items such as beds, tables or chairs in it. That's because people are still applying dani tribal traditional system in the application of life even for sleeping only dani tribal people still use dry grass as their bedding.

Dani Location.

Jayawijaya geographically located between 30.20 to 50.20 'South latitude and 1370.19' to 141 east longitude. Regional boundaries Jayawijaya are as follows: North by Jayapura and Yapen Waropen, West Paniai, Merauke and the South East border with the country of Papua New Guinea.
Jayawijaya topography consists of high mountains and broad valleys. Among the mountain peaks that some of them are always covered with snow for example Pucak TRIKORA 4750 m, Yamin Peak 4595m and 4760m Puncak Mandala. Soil generally consists of limestone / limestone and granite mountains of the region, while the surrounding valley is a mixture of sediment Mud, clay and loam.
Dani climatological
Dani occupy wet tropical regions because it is influenced by the location of the height of the sea surface and air temperatures vary between 80-200Celcius, the average temperature of 17.50 Celsius with 152.42 days per year of rainy days, humidity levels above 80%, the wind blows throughout the year with the highest average speed of 14 knots and 2.5 knots lowest.

Demographic.

- Papuan tribes (52%), Non Papua / Arrivals (48%) (2002)
* Papua: Aitinyo Tribe, Tribal Aefak, Asmat, Agast tribe, the Dani, Tribe Ayamaru, Mandacan Tribe, Tribal Biak, Serui Tribe, Tribal Mee, Amungme, Kamoro
* Non-Papua / Arrivals: Java, Makassar, Bugis, Batak, Minahasa, Huli, Chinese,

History.

Human civilization Papua, Especially Dani who inhabit the Baliem Valley Tribes is a civilization that can be said is still very new. Dani tribes inhabiting the Baliem Valley area is one of the Largest tribe who inhabited the Central Highlands region of Papua Dani addition to the Central Highlands region of Papua inhabited by tribes, Ekari, Moni, Damal, Amugme and some other sub tribes.
Dani tribes inhabiting the Baliem Valley and surrounding tribes are thought to be derived from the East or in the Baliem Valley are familiar with the area name yah (currently included in the district and district Yalimo Yahokimo). So based on folklore that often dibicakan by elders that Dani ancestors came from the Yali. The myth tells that the first man / man first named Dani Pumpa (Male) and Nali (Women) are entered into the Baliem Valley from the east by a Goa. There are some sources that say Goa's first release of the first man's place comes from Goa Times Huam (Regional Siepkosy), others say from Goa in the Regional Pugima and some say that the release of the first humans is derived from the Dani tribe from the entrance of the wind in the area Kurima .
The lack of research is rather difficult for the decision Dani origin, the presence of Papua island itself was discovered in 1511 by the Portuguese in the journey in search of spices. Meanwhile, Dani had just discovered in 1954 by Lourentz during an expedition to G.Trikora. Up to this time Dani estimated that inhabit the Baliem Valley is a 5th generation Dani, when drawn from the stories Ancestors Dani civilization. With the rapid development of technology, where civilization Dani who was then still in the Stone Age civilization faced with modern life, straight through several stages of civilization must be a serious threat to the Dani tribe in civilization increasingly Cultural forget this.

Modernization. 

Modernization of renewal implies covering all aspects of life, turn poduksi way, thoughts and feelings that lead to new things: value / social norms, patterns of behavior, organization, social institutions, the layers in society, power and authority as well as social interaction and so on to a better life and more feasible.
Modernization is a systematic process. Modernization involves changes in almost all aspects of social behavior, including industrialization, urbanization, secularization, centralization, and so on. In order to achieve the status of a modern, structures and traditional values ​​in total should be replaced with a set of structures and modern values. For this case, Huntington, stated, that the modernization theory see 'modern' and 'traditional' as the two concepts are essentially contradictory (asymmetric).
Because the world historian Marshall Hodgson is less likely to be named the advanced age of mankind dominated by science and technology as' Age 'modern' because of the connotation of the word 'modern' is always positive-but 'Mechanical Age' (technical age) with neutral connotation, can be good and can be bad too. Because neutrality 'Mechanical Age' was the most important role of ethics.
Even Roger Garaudy (Your first name creed, Muhammad Nuruddin), refer to the time of the technique as a 'tool of religion'; That is an age dominated by the device, technique or instrument, and very few actually answer what the intrinsic purpose of it all. Tools, techniques, and instruments become a destination in itself that controls human life and become a new religion.
As of April 1954, a few Christian ministers of the United States of religious broadcasting organization Cristian and Missionary Alliance (CAMA abbreviated) arrived, people still live Palim isolated from the outside world. They were at that time still using stone tools by the same shape as the experts thought to originate from the prehistoric Neolithic epoch, so that they seemed to still be in the Stone Age Neolithic.
The pastors then some religious broadcasting center in the southern Baliem Valley in the confederation Asso-Lokobal/Asso-Wetipo (sic). With the presence of the priests Dani some people suddenly faced with the outside world is represented by the white people, whose way of life equipped with all modern equipment, from small worn everyday, until the plane, which they use as a tool transportation to and out of the Baliem Valley area.
Contact with the outside world becomes more prevalent when the Dutch government in 1956 set up a government post in Wamena, which is equipped with airfield that can accommodate planes at Dakota and broadcasting organizations Catholicism when Minnebriders Frances activity center which opened two years later in Wamena.
Contact Dani tribe in Baliem beginning occurred in 1926, with the arrival of scientific expeditions Steerling. The process of modernization of the society Baliem as noted in the book 'Culture Jaya Wijaya', edited Astrid Susanto (1994) occur in stages over time, as follows:
1). Future expeditionary contact Steerling in 1926;
2). Cultural contacts in the period 1954-1962.
Contact modernization here is more on material culture (ax, opening outposts government / mission and the opening of roads (the time of Dutch colonial rule).
3). Integration period in 1963-1969.
At this time Dani integrated into state of Indonesia through Presidential Decree 1 of 1963 and on 16 September 1969 with the Act of events.
4). The beginning of construction in 1970-1974.
At this time the development has not been a lot of looks, a lot of schools opened, communication quite well, growing residential town of Wamena, the posts in the district and built highways, hospitals and so on.
5). Adaptation period in 1975-1981. At this time many developmental approach performed as socio-cultural adaptation, Village Government established according to Law No. Home Affairs. 5 yr in 1974, the course opened pioneer village development (KPPD) as a cadre of representatives of each village formed. The development process was well received in Indonesia bernahasa good and a lot of things to adjust and change.
6.). Transition period in 1982 - until now
General sec-Central Mountains region of Papua, in the early years of 1980-1990, the Dani, many encountered the men wearing Koteka and tassel for women. Not often found in the city now, but the areas are still isolated and far from the center of government there are many citizens who still wore Koteka as a symbol of backwardness and underdevelopment.
The new modernization effort conducted by the Indonesian military officials such as the operation of the task force by Governor Aqub Zaenal in the early 1970s. But in the real sense of the modernization efforts undertaken by missionaries and the Indonesian government.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 25, 2014 at 11:43
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Logo product.

Procter and Gamble.

It is the mother of all evil occult logos . The company ( which produces most of your household products ) has faced much controversy during the 1980s because of its meaning . Because of its bad reputation , the logo does not appear on the product anymore but still used in the P & G official documentation .
The logo displays a crescent moon with a human face on it . In occult symbolism , a human face on a celestial body describe as a god . This month is usually depicted as a goddess because receptive nature . So who is this mystery ? Masculine god ? Some clues as to the identity hidden in the logo . First , look at each end of the crescent .. two horns . Both look at the bottom face of the moon , near the circle , there is reverse 666 .
There are exactly 13 stars in the logo , an important number in esoteric ( especially masonic ) numerology . In a lawsuit against Amway , P & G claimed that the 13 stars referred to the 13 colonies of the United States . Sorry , but it is 100 % bullshit . Perhaps the only judge who bribed or silly fool would accept this explanation , but every person who understands the occult , realizes that this logo is not just a collection of images alone , as they claim . Clearly printed in this logo astotheological esoteric symbols , as there was in the ancient worship of black magic .
P & G has filed a number of lawsuits against critics and recently won against Amway . Some might say " Ok case closed , the judge ruled that it was not occult black magic " . But people are not stupid .

Bechtel.

We do not need to ask the expert to ask about the meaning of the symbol emblem of " Bechtel " is. People seem to even be able to guess , there is nothing wrong with this logo . Yes , you are right , this logo is fine , but behind all that there is an odd number , namely the sea and islands . Why is red sea ? why the gray island ? As if the ocean filled with the blood of innocent people .
According to sources from Wikipedia, the firm has repeatedly stumbled problems, including;
Water theft from the poor :
A case between the people of Bolivia against Bechtel . It is the water in question . Two years ago Bechtel took over the public water system of Bolivia's third largest city , Cochabamba , and within a few weeks they raised interest rates as much as 200 percent . When the company refused to lower rates , the public revolted . Finally, because of widespread protests that forced Bechtel to leave Bolivia .
Building chemical plant for Saddam Hussein ;
In 1988 , just after Saddam Hussein had drawn international condemnation for using poisonous gas against thousands of Kurds , Bechtel signed contracts with Iraq to build a chemical plant .
The advantage of the fall of Saddam Hussein ;
Critics in the United States and its allies like Britain have questioned the process given employment contracts the U.S. and Iraq to the American company (Betchel). The benefits of the Iraq war led to the destruction of Bechtel alleged disaster capitalism .
Advantages of Hurricane Katrina ;
In 2005 , Bechtel was offered a contract by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to build temporary housing for victims of Hurricane Katrina . But it is a lot of criticism , because the cost is very high and the resulting mismatch .
There are many examples of the depravity of this company , more details, read Bechtel 's environmental record. Maybe after reading , you will better understand the meaning of their logo , " sea of ​​blood " .

Council on Foreign Relations ( Council of foreign relations ) .

Council on Foreign Relations is not firm , but the logo should be discussed here . If you know anything about international politics or plans for the New World Order , you surely know about the CFR . By international journalists named " one of the most influential policy in world politics " . Members also do not play is top class company and a worldwide namely : ABC News , American Express , Boeing , Coca - Cola , Ford Motor , Google , Halliburton , Heinz , IBM , Nike , Sony Corporation America , Visa . Of the individual : Barack Obama , Zbigniew Brzezinski ( Obama 's advisor ) , Hilary Clinton , Dick Cheney , John McCain , David Rockefeller .
In the logo we see a naked man on horseback .
Looks nothing strange with this logo , and you may wonder what is the meaning and the meaning of this symbol ?
The answer is that this white horse rider is the embodiment of the first horse in the book of revelation , as written in Article 6 paragraph 2 of the book of revelation ;
" And I looked, and behold , a white horse and the people who sat on it had a bow and a crown given to him . Then he advanced as the winner for the win "
The person sitting on the horse depicted naked , it is a symbol of wildness and thus do not have a cultural affiliation . Hand gesture symbolizes the " Sign of Admiration " , one of the many occult hand signs the elite keep waving at your face without you knowing it. Here is a picture of Napoleon (Freemason and Illuminist) perform the same sign .

Documentation Masonic ritual explains that this is the level to 6 .

They perform the ritual by saying " Because she was " six times , kemudain say " memory is everything ' " six times . Then they climbed the altar six times as well , 666 . The conclusion by Texe Marrs is ;
Finally the CFR logo includes the word " Ubique " , which means " everywhere.
In a sense you can not evade the naked white horsemen .

Vodafone.

These logos invite controversial because there are three number 6 in it , can you see it ?
As you know that 666 is the epitome of a demon / beast in the book of revelation . Always associated with the devil and anti- christ . The research shows that the number 666 symbolizes everything mundane . Vodafone People do not care about these things instance instead everything seems they enjoy in their ads that clearly shows the number of animals / the devil :

Can you see clearly 666

Alfa Romeo.

Yes , this is the logo of a European car , but look at the logo .
Pictured here are just simple , where large snakes crowned as though eating a person's body . But if we look at the history of the logo , it looks creepy in which someone who is desperate for help as if it is being eaten old serpent crowned .

The story behind the making of this logo is in 1910 , a Romano Cattaneo was given the task to create a logo for a company car . When waiting for a train at Piazza Castello in Milan , she saw a picture on the door by the Visconti family . A " Maddalena " is a snake eating a human child .
Historically " Maddalena " is a legend in the early 5th century BC.
That man 's name is eaten Moor , at the time of the crusades .
If that happens , who or what the snake symbolize ?

Coat in Milan Central Station . Great serpent swallowing a child , terrible .
Some esoteric authors claim that the snake is actually a kundalini ( Shakra snake ) ate human nature of the material , thus signifying esoteric initiation . That may be . But why this symbol is placed on the front page of Berlusconi ?

Front yard Sylvio Berlusconi ( Italian Prime - ed) with a picture of a snake eating a human .
A study showed that the symbol or logo is also present in the Aztec tribe . Where once these symbols may be meaningful only unusual but now more definition on the elite or large companies to show their power .
Some works of art associated with snakes and humans .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 25, 2014 at 10:40

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Asmat language.

Asmat language is communication tool among the Asmat people , which is widely spread in Papua . Language is an integral tool in the most fundamental and complementary human life . With language , every human being in a community can interact intensively .
Language which was originally also could be a grower sense of nationalism and conflict resolver in the absence of language means one individual to another individual in the context of dealing in a society becomes disconnected .
Asmat language , became effective alternative among the Asmat when there are still many people who do not understand and schools use Indonesian as the language of daily life. As is known , an Asmat tribal modernity is still not affordable , so that their lives are still attached to the locality aspect alone . Included also in the matter of the use of language .

Language Unity.

As with the other tribes , the Asmat tribe has its own language that is mostly only understood by his circle alone . The language they use is the ancestral language , which is thousands of years old . In daily communication , they do not want to eliminate the ancestral language and ancestors though . Although now many of those who have mastered Indonesian as the national language .
Asmat language function for very important role , including for media communication , chatting with each other , reconcile warring parties , and means capable of attaching to each other to foster a sense of unity among members of the tribe. There are many languages ​​that are in the interior of the Asmat . A research states , each tribe has its own language in the hundreds , to communicate with each other . Do not be surprised , if one region or village located close together are not mutually understand each other language .
Unity is required language that can bridge the disparity between them . Indonesia is the national language is the language into the unifying alternative . So that may be armed with a reason why , more and more indigenous or tribal elders who have mastered Indonesian . Expected to be transmitted to other members without completely removing the Papua regional language semantics .

A kite Stake

In the context of the historical record , ranging disclosed originated from Papua New Guinea writing , the days of the arrival of the Portuguese around the 16th century . The majority of the population of Papua has a physical form such as : dark skin , woolly , and curly hair . Of these signs , clearly visible linkage with the Asmat tribe indigenous peoples of Australia , Aboriginal .
That's about the Asmat language which became one enrichment language and customs of the nation's cultural wealth of Indonesia .

Photo of Indigenous Papuan Asmat that exist today :

Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/02/asmat-language.html
DatePublished: February 25, 2014 at 09:31
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Tag : Asmat language.

Asmat Art.

Asmat is a tribe that inhabited the region of Papua in Irian Jaya, East Indonesia. Asmat population is divided into two, namely those living in coastal areas and those living in the hinterland. Both of these populations differ from each other in dialect, way of life, social structure and ritual.

Asmat tribe with spear and shield them 

The next coastal population is divided into two parts namely Bisman tribes located between the river and the river Sinesty Nin and Shimei tribes. Some Asmat inhabiting areas far from the coast, building a house on the tops of the trees, about 30 meters above ground level. In fact, some are still nomadic life.

Traditional clothes. 

Asmat save a lot of unique art. They have their own traditional dresses that we are familiar with Koteka. Koteka pumpkin is made of leather. The shape is long and narrow. Serves to cover the reproductive organs of men. So also with penis gourds for her, both as his shirtless and wearing a skirt made of dried plant roots to cover the reproductive organs.

Climate in Papua are very hot and they just use penis gourds. Maybe this is what causes black Asmat. In addition to wearing Koteka, Asmat also clever makeup or dye their bodies by using natural ingredients that simple. To get the color red, they use red soil mixed with water. So even if you want to get the white color, they are made of white shells are crushed and then mixed with water.

Sculpture / carving. 

Variety of Asmat art is mostly done sculpture / carving.
Art objects Asmat carvings interesting results are the shields, poles mbis (sculpture bus / ancestors), and drums. In each image resides carving and appreciation for their ancestors is loaded with greatness Asmat. So at each Asmat carving work always contains a message to appreciate his ancestors implicitly conveyed through symbols in the carving motifs.

One of the central Asmat make wood carving

Sculpture and carving generally they have freely sketch . For Asmat , when the sculpture is the moment in which they communicate with ancestors who exist in another world . This is possible because they know the world's three concepts : Amat ow capinmi ( natural life now ) , Dampu ow campinmi ( natural stopover dead spirits ) , and Safar ( heaven ) .

Some wood carving by Asmat.

The tribe believes that before entering heaven, the spirits of the dead would interfere with humans. Interference can be a disease, disaster, and even war. Thus, in order to save mankind, and redeem the souls, those who are still alive to make sculptures and statues held a party like the party bus (Bioskokombi), party mask, party boats, and party sago worms. It is said that the statue of a bus is the most sacred form of sculpture.
Asmat carving has four meanings and functions, respectively:
1. Symbolizes the presence of ancestral spirits;
2. To express feelings of sadness and happy;
3. As a symbol of trust with a pattern of humans, animals, plants and other objects;
4. As the epitome of beauty and a picture memory of ancestors.
Assorted colors of Asmat art style based on the shape and color can be classified into four areas:
          a) The symbolic ornate carvings are also on the end of the canoe, on the back of the boat,
       Datung boat, wall drums, the spearhead, arrowhead, etc..
b ) Asmat Art Style Northwest ( Northwest Asmat ) Shield in this group with a tapered bottom that is rather broad and usually more dense than the other shields . Clearly separate the head from the other sections and shaped head turtles or fish . Sometimes there are pictures on the clod ancestors , while ornament shaped body parts fly ferrets , frogs , birds head horns , snakes , etc. .
c) East Asmat art style (Citak) Specificity of the art in this group seem to form a shield decoration which is usually very large, sometimes up to a high exceeding the Asmat people standing upright. Parts of it are not clearly separated from the body of the shield and are often filled with black stripes or red and white dots are given.
d) The art style Asmat Shield Brazza River area in this group almost as large and tall with a group of Asmat shields in the East. The head is also usually separate from the body. Although the motive sikulengan often used for decoration shield, commonly used motifs are geometric motifs, circles, spirals, elbows, etc..
Asmat carving is very popular to foreign countries. Many tourists who admire the Asmat art. Asmat carvings understand that they have a high selling price. Therefore, many results carvings they sell. Usually the price range of a hundred tribu start up with millions of dollars.
Asmat is a true artist. Wood sculpture crafts they recognized internationally as a high-class works of art. The art of blood flow with no purpose because in their daily lives using the equipment associated with wood. This tribe inhabited the Flamingo Bay and Cook Inlet, in the southwest coastal region of Papua.
Modern life does not reach this area until the last few years. Much of this region is still a dense forest areas that have not been encroached upon humans. Yet the fate of the true artist does not escape the attention of the international community. At the end of the sixties, the Asmat carvers receive assistance from the United Nations for the sake of maintaining the sustainability of their sculpture.
In Agat city you can visit the museum that displays a collection of wooden sculptures and the results of their craft.
The equipment normally used by the Asmat carvers made up of stone axes, animal teeth and shells. As for smoothing the fault, they use pig tusks, teeth of certain fish and oysters.
The symbols (emblem) believed / use of them;
a. Symbol man and birds on the boat.
Asmat people used to make carvings on the boat end uses. The symbolic carvings of humans and birds.
Human shaped carvings represent deceased family. They believe that the deceased will be happy to note, and go wherever the boat and its passengers will always protects.
Carvings of birds and other flying animals are considered a symbol of the brave in battle and bird emblem is also used as a symbol of headhunting, especially birds or animals fly dark-colored or black.
b. Garnish
For the headdress, using symbols cassowary or couscous. Dyed red around her eyes like the eyes of a black parrot when I'm angry. Forehead ornament made of possum skin is a symbol of the mighty head-hunters.
c. Tree
The person calling himself Asmat Asmat-ow, which means the human tree. The tree is a very noble thing in view of the Asmat people. In their view, the tree is man and man is the tree. The root of the tree represents a human, the human body is the trunk, the branches are human hand, and the leaves are a human head. All the assumption that it has a fundamental reason. Malignant state of the natural environment, swampy and muddy cause trees or timber to be important for the life of the Asmat people.
d. Sago
Sago in addition be used as feed by the Asmat people, sago also have the special meaning of its own for the Asmat. Sago described as a woman. A trusted by the Asmat life out of the sago tree as life out of the womb of a mother.
Confidence.
The Asmat believe that death is coming unless the age is too old or too young, is caused by a malicious act, either of magic or violence. Confidence they demand vengeance for his dead victims. Ancestral spirits, to whom they dedicate themselves, represented in spectacular wood carving canoes, shields, wooden poles carved human figures. Until the end of the 20s century, the Asmat youth meet their obligations and devotion to fellow members, to the ancestors and to prove masculinity by bringing the head of an enemy, and offer the body to eat other family members in the village.
Productive tools.
Asmat people already have the equipment and how to survive. They already have the ability to make their own nets made of woven sago leaves. The nets used to catch fish in the river estuary. The trick was a simple one, namely by throwing nets into the ocean to then pulled together. This job is not easy because there is mud in estuaries are very numerous and burdensome in net withdrawals. Therefore, nets tethered only at high tide and then withdrawn at low tide.
To make a work of art, Asmat people also recognize certain tools that are deliberately used to make carvings. Simple tools such as stone axes, animal teeth and shell snails that can be used by wow-ipits to carve. Stone ax is a very valuable thing for the Asmat so ax that can only be obtained through the exchange of goods that are named according to their ancestral name, usually the name of his maternal grandmother. With the influx of outside influences, Asmat people are now using an iron ax and iron chisel. Replaced snail skin with a knife. To smooth the skin and cut still use snail.

Transport equipment and accessories.

Asmat society recognize canoe as a means of transportation. Boat building formerly used for the preparation of an assault and headhunting head. When it has finished, the boat attempted to the place of the enemy with the intention of provoking the enemy and lure the enemy in order to be ready to fight atmosphere. In addition, the canoes are also used for transporting foodstuffs and search. Every 5 years, the Asmat people making new boats. Although the Asmat region is rich in various types of wood, but they choose the type of boat building a special timber that amount is not so much. Wood used is yellow (ti), ketapan, bitanggur or similar milk timber called yerak. Once the tree is selected, harvested, peeled and sharpened at both ends, the rods have been ready to be taken to the boat building.
To make the boat takes about 5 weeks. The process of making the boat from stem to form carved and painted finishes include several stages. First, the rods were still rough and crooked straightened. After the inside excavated, crushed with a snail shell, as well as the outside. The bottom of the boat so that the boat be lightly burned and pace of the course. The face of a boat called cicemen, carved to resemble a bird or other animal symbol headhunting head. Or human carvings symbolizing deceased brother. The boat then named after the deceased brother. The length of the boat reaches 15-20 meters. After all the engravings made on the boat then the boat in the paint. The inside is painted white, the exterior painted in white and red. After the boat was decorated with sago leaves. Before use, all boats must be formalized through the ceremony. There are 2 kinds of boats are commonly used, namely a boat belonging to a family that is not too large and contains 2-5 people with 4-7 meters long. While the usual clan boat load between 20-20 people to 10-20 meters long. The paddle is made of durable wood, such as wood or metal timber forest nutmeg. Because used while standing, the Asmat people very long paddle size. These objects must be owned by every person Asmat because many residential areas surrounded by marshes.

Livelihood systems. 

Livelihoods of people living in coastal areas are Asmat sago gathering, hunting small animals, (which is the biggest boar), and search for fish in the river, lake, or seashore. They are also sometimes planted fruits and plant roots. Sometimes they also deliberately planted in small gardens are simple in the middle of the woods. Upstream Asmat people who live in areas that no longer the sago tree, is more dependent on their gardens. In the past, the Asmat people live in forests, settled in one place for a few months, then moved for a new place when the material surrounding the food has been reduced. Living in the forest means to live freely, then it is this which makes them sometimes back into the woods, leaving the village that has been provided. On Monday, they usually go into the woods and back to the village on Saturday. Most of the time is spent in the forest by establishing a large house, which is called the bivouac.

Shelter and housing. 

Single house Asmat 

According to tradition the Asmat people, in a village there are 2 kinds of buildings, which house flunky and family home. The house flunky (je) occupied by young men who are not married and should not be entered by women and children. The house consists of one room is built on wooden poles with a length of 30-60 meters and a width of about 10 meters. This house used to plan a party, war, and peace. In his spare time, this house used to tell tales of the ancestors sacred. Each clan has its own house flunky.

Asmat family was at home Family 

While the family home, usually inhabited by a nuclear family consisting of a father, a wife or a couple, and their children. Each wife has a kitchen, doors, and stairs alone. Five years, these houses are renewed by men. Housing is built to resemble a house on stilts, about one and a half meters from the ground. Roofs made of woven sago leaves, gaba-gaba sago form walls, and floors covered with mats made of sago leaves as well. Then, in the regular forest Asmat people setting up such a large house, called bivouac. Bivouac is a temporary shelter for the Asmat people when they are in search of food in the forest.

Language. 

The languages ​​that use the Asmat including language groups by linguistic experts called the Language of the Southern Division, southern languages ​​of Irian Jaya. This language never studied and classified by CL Voorhoeve (1965) into phyla languages ​​Irian (Papua) Non-Melanesian.

Weapons. 

Asmat shields used by people to protect themselves from enemy arrows and spears in battle. Pattern engraving on the shield symbolizes virility. These weapons are made from the roots of mangrove trees or large wood and soft light. Spear the Asmat people are made of hard wood such as ironwood or sago bark.
Eventually those sharp equipped with a cover made from a bird's beak or nails cassowary.

Jewelry .

Asmat people also have some type of jewelry worn in everyday life . Like most people , the Asmat decorated to beautify themselves , respectively . As per belief , they are decorated with the usual self as resembling a bird . Such as white spots on the body that is identified in birds .
For the headdress , their use of cassowary feathers or couscous . Dyed red around her eyes like the eyes of a black parrot when I'm angry . Forehead ornament is made of possum skin , the emblem of the mighty head -hunters . Nose ornaments made ​​out of some kind of sea snail , or sometimes made ​​from human bones or pork bones . Ladies earrings made ​​from possum fur . Canine teeth to be used as a necklace strung neck trimmer .
To get those teeth, the dog was not killed, but wait until the dog died. Therefore, the canine teeth are considered high for them, and often used as a dowry (pomerem) for the family of the woman

Art Music. 

Asmat people have a special musical instrument commonly used in important ceremonies. Musical instruments used by the Asmat is drum stick made of wood trunks in holed. Elongated rounded shape similar to a drum. Sculptured drums or animal-shaped pattern of sacred ancestors. On the surface of the drums are carved, depicting symbols taken from the statue of Bis. Bus sculpture is sculpture that is considered sacred by the Asmat. The statue depicts such a bus from family members who have died. At the top is wrapped with leather and lizard skin, tied with rattan fireproof. Tifa usually named according to the person who has died. The usual drums carved and sculpted by local ipits-wow. Tifa is usually played to accompany traditional dances Asmat, ie dance or Tobe called Dance War.

Dance. 

Asmat People often do a certain dance movements while sacred ceremony takes place. The presence of erotic movements and dynamic performed by men and women in front of the house flunky (Je) in order mbis ceremony. Tobe dance often played when there is such a traditional ceremony. This dance is performed by 16 dancers male and 2 female dancers. With the movement of jumping or jumping rhythm accompaniment of drums and chanting songs stamping, make this dance look very excited.
This dance is meant to rekindle the spirit of the soldiers to go into battle.
Asmat culture is still quite original and has not been eroded by the current modernization. Their culture is very unique. It is our duty as citizens of Indonesia to preserve cultural treasures that abound with ways to learn and watch performances at local art centers and cultural customs throughout Indonesia.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/02/asmat-art.html
DatePublished: February 24, 2014 at 21:27
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Tag ; Asmat Art.