www.Primo.com: Do You Know Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that grows in the prostate gland.
Online prescription prostate cancer is very common.
Microscopic examination of prostate tissue after surgery or at autopsy showed cancer in 50% of men aged over 70 years and in all men aged over 90 years.
Most of these cancers do not cause symptoms because the spread is very slow.

What causes prostate cancer?

The cause is unknown, although some studies have shown a link between a diet high in fat and increase testosterone levels.

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and No. 3 kematin is the leading cause of cancer in men over 74 years.
Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40 years.

Men who have a higher risk for prostate cancer is a black man aged over 60 years, farmers, painters and cadmium exposure.
The lowest incidence was found in Japanese men and vegetarians.

Prostate cancer is classified into 4 groups include :

Phase A:

Lump / tumor not palpable on physical examination, usually discovered by accident after prostate surgery because of other diseases.

Phase B:

Tumor confined to the prostate and usually is found on physical examination or PSA test.

Stage C:

The tumor has spread beyond the prostate capsule, but has not spread to the lymph nodes.

Stage D:

The cancer has spread (metastasized) to the regional lymph nodes or other body parts (eg, bone and lungs).

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer usually develops slowly and do not cause symptoms until the cancer has reached an advanced stage.

Sometimes the symptoms resemble BPH, which include difficulty in urination and frequent urination.
These symptoms arise due to cancer causing partial blockage in the flow of urine through the urethra.

Prostate cancer can cause red urine (because it contains blood) or urine causes sudden arrest.

In some cases, newly diagnosed prostate cancer after spread to the bone (especially the pelvic bones, ribs and spine) or to the kidneys (causing kidney failure).
Bone cancer cause pain and bones become brittle so prone to fractures (broken bones).

When cancer spreads, the patient will usually have anemia.
Prostate cancer can also spread to the brain and cause seizures and other neurological symptoms or mental.

Other symptoms are :

Soon after urination, urine usually still dripping
Pain when urinating
Pain when ejaculating
Lower back pain
Pain when defecating
Nocturia (urination at night)
Urinary incontinence (beser)
Bone pain or bone pain when pressed
Hematuria (blood in the urine)
abdominal pain
Weight loss.

How do I diagnose prostate cancer?

The best way to screen for prostate cancer is a digital rectal examination and blood tests.
Digital rectal prostate cancer patients would indicate the presence of hard lumps of irregular shape.
In blood tests measured levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), which is usually elevated in patients with prostate cancer, but can also increase (not too high) in patients with BPH.

If the digital rectal examination found a lump, then the ultrasound examination.
By performing x-rays or bone scening, we know the spread of cancer to the bone.

Other tests are commonly performed:
Urine analysis
Urine cytology or prostatic fluid
Prostate biopsy.

How does the treatment of prostate cancer?

Appropriate treatment for prostate cancer is still debated.
Treatment options vary, depending on the stage:

In the early stages can be used prostatectomy (removal of the prostate) and radiation therapy
If the cancer has spread, hormonal manipulation can be done (to reduce testosterone levels through drugs or removal of the testes) or chemotherapy.

Surgery for prostate cancer.

1. A radical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate gland).

Often performed on stage cancer A and B.
The procedure is long and is usually performed under general anesthesia or spinal.
An incision is made in the abdomen and perineum, and the patient had to undergo treatment at the hospital for 5-7 days.
Complications that may occur is impotensia and incontinence uri.
In patients who are still active sexual life, can be potency-sparing radical prostatectomy.

2. Orkiektomi (removal of the testes, castration).

Removal of both testes leads to reduced levels of testosterone, but this procedure cause physical and psychological effects that can not be tolerated by the patient.
Orkiektomi is an effective treatment, does not require re-treatment, cheaper than the drugs and after undergoing orkiektomi patient did not need hospital treatment.
Orkiektomi usually done on the cancer has spread.

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer treatment

Radiation therapy is mainly used to treat cancer A, B and C.
Usually if the risk of surgery is too high, then do radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy to the prostate gland can be done in several ways :

1. External radiation therapy, performed in a hospital without the need to be hospitalized.
Side effects such as decreased appetite, fatigue, skin reactions (such as redness and irritation), injury or burns to the rectum, diarrhea, cystitis (bladder infection) and hematuria.
External radiation therapy is usually performed 5 times / week for 6-8 weeks.

2. Transplant iodine beads, gold or iridium radioactive directly on prostate tissue through a small incision.
The advantage of this form of radiation therapy is that the direct radiation directly to the prostate with damage to surrounding tissue less.

Treatment using medication

1. Hormonal manipulation.

The goal is to reduce testosterone levels.
Decreased testosterone levels are often very effective in preventing the growth and spread of cancer.
Hormonal manipulation is mainly used to relieve the symptoms without curing the cancer, ie for example in patients whose cancer has spread.

Synthetic drug that functions like LHRH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone), is increasingly being used to treat advanced prostate cancer. Examples are lupron or zoladeks.
These drugs suppress stimulating the testes to the formation of testosterone (this is called chemical castration because it has the same result as the removal of the testes).
Drugs administered in the form of injections, usually every 3 months.
The side effects are nausea and vomiting, facial flushing, anemia, osteoporosis and impotence.

Other drugs used for hormonal therapy is androgen inhibitor (eg, flutamide), which serves to prevent the attachment of testosterone on prostate cells.
The side effects are impotence, liver disorders, diarrhea and gynecomastia (breast enlargement).

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is often used to treat symptoms of prostate cancer are resistant to hormonal therapy.
Usually given a single drug or combination of drugs to destroy cancer cells.

Drugs that can be used to treat prostate cancer are :

- Mitoxantron
- Prednisone
- Paclitaxel
- dosetaxel
- Estramustin
- Adriamycin.
The side effects vary depending on the drugs given.

Monitoring needs to be done for prostate cancer

Regardless of the type of treatment he underwent, the patient will be monitored closely on the development of the disease.

Monitoring include:

- Blood tests to determine the levels of PSA (usually every 3 months - 1 year).
- Skening and / or CT scan of the bone to determine the spread of cancer.
- Complete blood examination to monitor the signs and symptoms of anemia.
- Monitoring of signs and symptoms that indicate disease progression (eg, fatigue, weight loss, the more severe pain, decreased bowel and bladder function, and weakness). Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/08/do-you-know-prostate-cancer.html
DatePublished: 08 February 2015 at 17:42