Did you know Roses.

Roses is a type of shrub of the genus Rosa interest generated once the name of this plant. Wild roses comprises more than 100 species, mostly grown in the northern hemisphere the valve cool. Species roses generally a thorny shrub or climbing plant that can reach 2 to 5 meters. Although rare, high plant climbing roses in other plants can reach 20 meters.
Most species have leaves that are between 5-15 cm in length with two-two opposite (pinnate). Each compound leaf petiole is composed of at least 3 or 5 to 9 or 13 children and Stipule leaves (stipules) is elliptical, bone pinnate, tapered edges, tapered at the ends of the leaves and thorny stems close to the ground. Roses is not actually tropical plants, most species throughout shed their leaves and only a few species in Southeast Asia are evergreen throughout the year.
The flowers consist of 5 pieces of petals with the exception of Rosa sericea which only has 4 leaves crown. Among the colors that are owned by the roses are white, pink, yellow and blue in some species. Ovaries are at the bottom of the crown of leaves and leaf sheath.

Fruit roses (rose hips) of Rosa canina.

Flowers produce aggregate fruit (grown from a single flower with many pistils) called rose hips. Each ovary develops into a single fruit (achene), while the collection of single-wrapped fruit pulp on the outside. Species with flowers that open more inviting arrival bees or other pollinating insects that tend to produce more fruit. Breeding roses produce flowers that leaf crown shut making it difficult for pollination. Most pieces of red roses with a few exceptions like Rosa pimpinellifolia that produce fruit dark purple to black.
In some species such as Rosa canina and Rosa rugosa rose hips bear fruit very rich in vitamin C even among the natural sources of vitamin C richest. Fruit rose hips preferred fruit-eating birds that help spread the seeds of roses along the dirt is removed. Some species of birds such as finches also eat the seeds of roses.
In general, roses have thorns shaped like a hook that serves as a grip when climbing other plants. Some species that grows wild in the sandy soil in coastal areas such as Rosa rugosa and Rosa pimpinellifolia adapt straight needle-like spines that may serve to reduce the damage from edible animals, hold the sand that the wind and protect the roots from erosion. Although it is protected thorns, deer do not seem afraid and often damaging roses. Some species roses have thorns that are not growing and not sharp.
Roses can be caught several diseases such as leaf rust which is the most serious disease. The cause is a fungus Phragmidium mucronatum which causes leaf loss. Diseases that are not so dangerous as Wheat Mildew caused by fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa, while the Black Spotting disease marked the emergence of black spots on the leaves caused by fungi Diplocarpon rosae. Roses are also a food for the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera.
Roses thrive in temperate climates, although some cultivars is the result of joining methods (grafting) can be grown in the temperate regions of subtropical to tropical climates. Besides as a cut flower, the rose has many benefits, including antidepressants, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and a source of vitamin C. Rose oil is one of the essential oil distillates and evaporation leaves the crown so that it can be made into perfume. Roses can also be used for tea, jelly, and marmalade.

Garden roses are generally classified into several major groups :

Wild roses .

Origin grows wild, flower shapes simple, has been known to mankind since ancient times. Some species of roses leading mentioned above and some of the resulting hybrid is an example of a wild rose.

Old Garden Roses .

Plants from crosses before the introduction of Hybrid Tea in 1867. The shape is unique and fragrant flowers. Here are the types of Old Garden roses arranged in order from the oldest age:

Alba.

"white roses" from crosses Rosa arvensis with Rosa alba. These are some of the oldest garden roses, was brought to Britain by the Romans. Flowering once a year. Example: 'Semi-plena', 'White Rose of York'.

Gallica.

The result of crosses from Rosa gallica originating from central and southern Europe. Bloom once in summer. Example: 'Cardinal de Richelieu', 'Charles de Mills', 'Rosa Mundi' (Rosa gallica versicolor).
Damask - brought to Europe from Persia by Robert de Brie around the year 1254 and the year 1276 Rose Summer Damasks types (crosses between Gallica roses with Rosa phoenicea) bloom once in summer. Autumn Damasks (crosses between Gallica with Rosa moschata) bloom in the fall. Example: 'Ispahan' and 'Madame Hardy'.

Centifolia also known as Provence.

Literally means "thousand petals" are the result of breeding in the 17th century in the Netherlands. Flowering once a year, for example: 'Centifolia' and 'Paul Ricault'.

Moss.

Still close relatives Centifolia, stems, leaves and petals like moss green. Flowering once a year. Example: 'Comtesse de Murinais', 'Old Pink Moss'.

China.

Can bloom repeatedly throughout the summer until late autumn. There are 4 types ('Slater's Crimson China', 1792, 'Parsons' Pink China ', 1793,' Hume's Blush China 'in 1809 and' Parks 'Yellow Tea Scented China' 1824), brought into Europe in the late 18th century and the century 19th. The types are then glorified into Old Garden roses that bloom repeatedly, like 'Old Blush China' and 'mutabilis'.

Portland.

Named after the Duchess of Portland who received roses from Italy in 1800). Roses are often known as' The Portland Rose '(another name: Rosa paestana or' Scarlet Four Seasons' Rose ') is the ancestor of roses Portland. Example: 'James Veitch', 'Rose de Rescht', 'The Portland Rose'.

Bourbon.

Roses that come from l'Île de Bourbon (now called Reunion, a French colony in the Indian Ocean) was introduced in France in 1823. The result of crossbreeding 'Autumn Damask' and the 'Old Blush China'. Flowering repeatedly. Examples: 'Louise Odier', 'Mme. Pierre Oger ',' Zephirine Drouhin '.

Hybrid Perpetual.

Roses are often found in England in Victorian times, is a descendant of the Bourbon. Flowering repeatedly. Example: 'Ferdinand Pichard', 'Reine Des Violettes'.

Tea.

Rose from crosses' Hume's Blush China 'or' Parks' Yellow Tea Scented China 'with different types of Bourbon and Noisette. Flowering many times, although not always smelling like tea. Example: 'Lady Hillingdon'.

Bermuda "Mysterious" Roses (Rose "mysterious" Bermuda).

The group of several dozen roses Bermuda origin that have been cultivated for at least a century in Bermuda as "discovered." Most likely rose Bermuda is branching or Old Garden Rose cultivars are discarded because they can not be used. Bermuda roses have high economic value because it can be grown in tropical and semi-tropical. These types of roses can bloom in hot and humid weather. Resistant to damage caused by nematodes and diseases that pose a threat Black patches of rose cultivation in hot and humid climates. Bermuda roses called "mystery roses" because the original name of this species is no longer known and only named after the owner of the park.
Climbing Roses (Climbing Roses): groups like vines on a fence or a building canopy, for example: Ayrshire, Climbing China, Laevigata, sempervirens, Noisette, Boursault, Climbing Tea, and Climbing Bourbon.

Shrub Roses (Rose Bush).

Custom group with semi-climbing, climbing on fences and buildings canopy. Flowers are small to medium, long-lasting blooms.

Modern Garden Roses (Modern Rose Garden): Descendants of Old Garden roses and variegated forms. The group is divided based on plant size and characteristics of interest, for example: "shrub with large flowers," shrub with large flowers repeatedly, "" interest groups, "" creeper, flower repeatedly, "" short shrubs, flowering all. "Most of the current model cultivars can be classified into two groups:

Hybrid Tea.

Roses are ideal for cut flowers because the stem can produce 5 to 6 flowers. Flowers are large and elegant, have the leaf crown compact and slightly folded edges to the outside (see photo), often grown in small gardens and pinned on the jacket while attending a wedding ceremony.

Floribunda.

Small flower which is a group of 10 or more flowers on one stem. Lush flower striking from a distance so great for planting in public parks and other open spaces.

Buck Roses.

Named after Professor Griffith Buck (horticulturist from Iowa State University) that honors more than 90 varieties of roses. Buck roses resistant to disease and malignancy winter.

English Roses.

The group that is the result of a hybrid between Old Garden roses and modern roses. Flowers fragrant and bloom repeatedly.

Miniature Roses.

Groups with a mini-sized flowers (2-5 cm diameter) and bloom repeatedly.
Roses are known in Indonesia are mostly kind of Hybrid Tea roses and Medium.

Species.

The species of European origin are :

Rosa alba
Rosa canina
Rosa gallica
Rosa chnamomea
Rosa cettifolia
Rosa spinosissma
Rosa wichuraiana

Species from the Middle East :

Rosa Fetida
Rosa Fetida bicolor
Rosa Fetida perciana
Rosa feicikoana
Rosa damascena

Species from China :

Rosa chinensis
Rosa liviegata
Rosa gigantea
Rosa primroses
Rosa mulluganii
Rosa sericana pteracantha
Rosa hugonis
Rosa banksiae lutea
Species from Japan
Rosa roxburghii
Rosa roxburghii 'hirthua
Rosa aciculaisis nipponensis
Rosa mulitiflora
Rosa wichuraina
Rosa rugosa
Rosa uchiyamana
Rosa jasminoidesu
Rosa fujisanesis

Species from the United States :

Rosa cinemoemea
Rosa nitida
Rosa California

Breeding roses.

Roses are horticultural commodities of high economic value and many consumer demand and can be cultivated commercially. Roses have an important economic value as cut flowers and flower oil feedstocks used perfume industry.
Rose plants are usually propagated conventionally. Conventional plant breeding roses produce thousands of hybrids and cultivars are mostly a double flowers with petals layered stamens mutated into additional petals. Rose hybrids or cultivars mostly made to be enjoyed the flowers in the gardens. Rose breeders of the 20th century vying with the size and color to produce large flowers and attractive and fragrant (or smell), whereas wild roses or roses ancient times it is very fragrant. Certain cultivars like Rosa banksiae not even have thorns at all.
Request for cut roses was ranked first, but the development of cut flowers in Indonesia has been slow because of the constraints in conventional propagation such as reliance on the season, health problems and diseases in plants as well as the multiplication of the low speed.
This has encouraged the culture technique in vitro to be an alternative because it has no dependency on the season because it is done in a confined space, high-power multiplication, and can produce plants that are free of bacteria and fungi. Tissue culture is a method to isolate parts of the plant such as a group of cells or tissues grown in aseptic conditions, so that the plant can reproduce themselves grow into complete plants back. This technique is done by using one part of the plant roses used as explants (tissues, organs, embryos, single cells, protoplasts, etc.) and grown in nutrient media in aseptic. The media containing various concentrations of hormones to support the growth of explants desired. As for the basic tissue culture are totipotensi theory.

Reputable breeders.

Joséphine de Beauharnais
Jules Gravereaux
Jean-Baptiste Guillot
Jean Pernet, père
Joseph Pernet-Ducher
Meilland family
Conard-Pyle Co. (Star Roses)
David Austin ("English rose")

The perfume industry.

Parfum (perfume) is made of rose oil, which is one type of essential oil obtained from the distillation and evaporation from the leaves crown. Refining techniques derived from the Persian roses spread to Arabia and India.
At this time, world oil demand rose by 70% -80% met by refineries rose in Bulgaria, while the rest is met by Iran and Germany. Oil refining rose in Bulgaria, Iran, and Germany use the Damascus rose Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala,' while refineries in France use a type of Rosa Centifolia.
Rose oil is pale yellow or grayish yellow oil is also called 'Rose Absolute' to distinguish it with rose oil that has been diluted. Refining produce rose oil in the ratio of 1 / 3,000 to 1 / 6,000 of the weight of the flowers, so it takes 2,000 roses to produce rose oil as much as 1 gram.
Rose oil is composed of scented geraniol which has the chemical formula C10H18O the wake CH3.C formula [CH3]: CH.CH2.CH2.C [CH3]: CH.CH2OH and l-citronellol; and rose camphor (paraffin without the smell).

Roses and culture.

In Western culture, the rose is the flower symbol of love and beauty. Roses are considered sacred to some god in Greek mythology such as Isis and Aprodite.
The rose is the national flower of England and is used as a symbol of the British national team rugby and the Rugby Football Union in England.
In Canada, wild roses are the provincial flower of Alberta. In the United States, rose is the state flower of Iowa, North Dakota, Georgia, and New York. Portland city in the state of Oregon who annually hold a festival of roses is often called the "City of Roses."
Rose is a symbol of anti-violence occurred in Georgia during the Rose Revolution in 2003.
In addition, the roses are often used as objects of paintings by many artists. French painter named Pierre-Joseph Redoute famous painting of various species of roses drawn very carefully.
For certain circles, a rose is a symbol of love, is reflected in the association. For example, someone who gives a red rose to her hero, mean to imply a declaration of love. The long answer of course red roses, which states that the girl to love him back. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/09/did-you-know-roses.html
DatePublished: September 4, 2015 at 14:47

Tag : Did you know Roses.

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