Batik is one way of making fabric . Besides batik can refer to two things . The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining in part of the fabric . In the international literature , this technique is known as wax - resist dyeing . The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques , including the use of certain motives which have peculiarities . Batik Indonesia , as the overall engineering , technology , and development -related motives and culture , UNESCO has been designated a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2, 2009 .
Etymology.
The word "batik" is derived from the combination of two Javanese words "amba", meaning " writing " and " point " which means " point " .History of batik technique .
Art staining fabric with stain barrier techniques using night is one of the ancient art form . The discovery in Egypt showed that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC , with the discovery mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern . In Asia , a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty ( 618-907 ) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara Period ( 645-794 ) . In Africa , such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria , Soninke and Wolof tribe as well as in Senegal . In Indonesia , batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit , and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century . Produced batik batik is it all until the early twentieth century and the new batik known after World War I or around the 1920's .Although the word " batik " is derived from the Javanese , the presence of batik in Java itself is not recorded . G.P. Rouffaer found batik technique is likely introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th .
On the other hand , J.L.A. Brandes ( Dutch archaeologist ) and F.A. Sutjipto ( Indonesian historians ) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as Toraja , Flores , Halmahera , and Papua . It should be noted that the area is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism but known to the ancient tradition of batik making .
G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri , East Java . He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting , so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding it . Detailed carvings that resemble the patterns of batik cloth worn by Prajnaparamita , the statue of the Buddhist goddess of wisdom from East Java, 13th century . Detailed clothing featuring vines pattern and intricate flowers that are similar to traditional Javanese batik patterns that can be found today .
This suggests that making intricate batik patterns that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier .
Legend in Malay literature of the 17th century , Sulalatus Salatin tells Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of fabric litter with 40 kinds of flower patterns on each page . Being unable to fulfill the order, he made himself the fabrics . But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the Emperor disappointed.
In European literature , batik technique was first described in the book History of Java ( London , 1817 ) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles . He had been a British governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands . In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel gave a piece of batik obtained during a visit to Indonesia to the Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century that began batik reached its golden period . When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900 , Indonesian batik riveting public and artists .
Since the industrialization and globalization , which introduces automation techniques , new types emerged batik , known as batik cap and batik prints , while traditional batik produced by the technique of handwriting using canting and night is called batik . Hugh Clifford recording industry in 1895 to produce the Week batik , rainbow fabric , and the fabric telepok .
Batik culture .
R.A. heroine Kartini and her husband wearing a batik skirt . Batik motifs used machetes Kartini is a pattern to the noblesBatik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia ( especially Java ) since long . Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living , so in the past batik work is exclusively women's work until the invention of " Batik Cap " which allows the entry of men into the field . There are some exceptions to this phenomenon , namely the coastal batik masculine lines as can be seen in shades of " Mega Clouds", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men .
The tradition of batik was originally a hereditary tradition , so that occasionally a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family . Some batik may indicate the status of a person . Even today , some traditional ' batik motif is only used by the family palace of Yogyakarta and Surakarta .
Batik is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia ( Java ) that until now still exist . Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Suharto , who was then wearing batik at the UN Conference .
Batik patterns .
Batik variety of shades and colors are influenced by various foreign influences .Initially , batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited , and some patterns may only be used by certain circles . However, coastal batik absorb various external influences , such as foreign traders and also in the end , the invaders . Bright colors like red popularized by the Chinese , who also popularized the style phoenix . European colonial nations are also taking interest in batik , and the result is a style previously unknown flowers ( like tulips ) and also objects brought by the colonizers ( the building or horse-drawn carriage ) , including their favorite colors like blue. Retain traditional batik s type , and is still used in traditional ceremonies , because usually each style has a representation of each .
ways of making
Originally batik made on material with white color made of cotton cloth called mori . Today the batik is also made on other materials such as silk , polyester , rayon and other synthetic materials . Motif formed by the liquid wax by using a tool called a canting for subtle motifs , or brush for large motif , so that the liquid wax to seep into the fabric fibers . Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the desired color , usually starting from a young colors . Immersion then taken to another motif with color or black older . After some time the coloring process , which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax .
Types of batik .
According to the technique .
Batik is a cloth that is decorated with textures and patterns of batik by hand . This type of batik making takes approximately 2-3 months .Batik cap is decorated with fabric textures and patterns created with batik cap ( usually made of copper ) . This type of batik making process takes approximately 2-3 days .
Batik painting is the process of making batik with a direct way to paint on a white cloth .
According to the origin of manufacture .
Javanese batik .
Java Batik art is a cultural heritage of Indonesia , especially Java -controlled areas of the Javanese people from generation to generation . Javanese Batik motifs have different . This motif is common difference dikarnakan motives that have meaning , the purpose is not just an image but implies that they can from their ancestors , namely religion animism , dynamism , or Hindus and Buddhists . Javanese Batik in many developing regions Solo or commonly referred to as Solo batik .Meaning and Meaning of Various Motif Batik fabric .
Meaning and Meaning of Various Batik . Batik is one type of painting on cloth using the night and canthing . Batik is a traditional heritage that has become part of the lives of the people of Indonesia Central Java and Yogyakarta is famous as the origin of batik . Batik has a deep philosophy , especially concerning the meaning of the motif motifs described above in the fabric sheets . The philosophy that relates to harmonization among humans , between humans and nature , and man and the creator , and the hope of a better life . Everything is contained in the motifs and ornamentation that characterizes batik cloth . Batik has many motives . And each motif has a deep meaning and significance that deserve to ponder . In the past not all can be used batik fabric just anyone . There are certain motives are off limits to ordinary people and can only be imposed by the royal family . Here are some articles about the sense and meaning of batik motifs that must be known by everyone so that continuity can be maintained .Batik meaning .
Motif Sido Luhur .
This motif implies nobleness . For Javanese people , life is aiming for the material and non- material sublime . Nobility of the material means any bodily needs could be fulfilled by working hard in accordance with the position , rank , degree , or profession . While virtue , speech , and action is non-material form of nobility .
Sido Drajad Motive.
Batik Sido Drajad besan when worn by the wedding ceremony . How to use batik also has its own educational value . For children wear batik belt wolo manner . In philosophy , the use of belt wolo moral freely interpreted , in accordance with the souls of children who are still free , immature , and yet has a moral responsibility in society . When someone wearing teen with jarit . Long jarit has its own meaning . The longer , the higher the degree of a person . For adults use differ between men and women . In men , the pleat is placed on the left , while in women , pleat placed on the right , which means nengeni , a princess must not violate the will of the husband .
Sido Mukti motif .
This motif contains a wealth of meaning . To the Javanese , who live apart coveted virtue , speech , and action , is the attainment of mukti or prosperity , both in this world and the hereafter . Everyone should be able to control the passions , pleasures wag reduce tetanggam do good without harming others , and so on .
Motif Slobog
Motif Patch
Appears confidence in Javanese society , when using this fabric as a blanket while sick , he will recover quickly . Patched it means adding a new spirit . With the new spirit of the expected new hope will emerge so readily available cure .
Batik is part of the culture of our beloved country , Indonesia . an honor we could have a tradition of clothing called " BATIK " . with very diverse motives and very artistic .
Behind stored various batik motifs that symbolize the meaning of certain things. Here are described some motif and its meaning is ;
Motive Udan Riris .
Implies fortitude and must hold through life concerned even if hit by rain and heat.
Example : People married life , especially for the newlyweds , to be bold and willing to live concerned when many obstacles and trials , the proverbial hit by rain and heat , ill be easy to complain . Any hindrance and obstacles that must be faced and solved together . Husband or wife is part of living in the household . If one is facing the problem then partner must help resolve , not the other way just add to the problem . For example , if the husband was getting trials tempted by another woman , then she should be wise search for solutions and look for problems . Vice versa if the wife got the temptation of another man , the husband would have to be wise without prior unsuspecting superfluous evidence .
Parangkusuma Motif .
Contains the meaning of life should be guided by him to look for a fragrance born of struggle and inner , supposing the fragrance of flowers ( kusuma ) .
Example : For the Javanese , the people living in the most sought after is the main personal fragrance without leaving the prevailing norms and manners in order to avoid disaster interchangeable born & inner . Although tough to be realized , but generally the Javanese hoping to find that perfect inner and outer life . Moreover, in an age that is completely open now , really tough to reach to the level of life as expected , because a lot of temptation . In this materialistic age , people are more likely to find a name redolent with money by buying proprietary , instead of personal behavior and that good .
Parikshit motif .
Implies that uttk seek virtue must be based on the effort and agile . Sure it's hard work and agile without having to leave the norms prevailing in society . Not the other way effort and agile with a dirty way , would be greatly avoided . Because the impact will be very heavy embossed clear & will surely backfire for himself alone . With effort and agile that is expected to build a nuclear family who was born and inner peace .
Kawung motif .
Implies that strong desire and effort will always produce results , like rejekinya doubled . Already the law of karma , that the people who work hard will reap results , although sometimes have to take a long time .
Example: a farmer who worked diligently in the fields, if cut no aggravating pests, he would harvest rice which doubled at a later date . But unfortunately , the work culture everything to reap the most ill done by everyone . Especially today , where eager almost instantaneous , people want to get rich quickly without working hard . Want to get rich quick with how corruption , robbing , deceiving , and any other blemish action . For work habits everything to reap the maximum that SDH is often taught by our ancestors since the first Javanese . Hard work to produce the folded fortune would be more meaningful if accompanied with saving attitude , conscientious , meticulous , extravagant and ill .
Truntum motif .
Meaning to grow and thrive . Thus , the Javanese always crave for every new family that have children who will soon replace the previous generation interchangeable . That new generation that will be the foundation of any new family who recently married For forward all expectations and ideals of the family as well as the next generation of biologically inherited traits that offspring of a new family . Hope it always appears when a new family is formed .
Phrases soon have offspring solih & Solihah, useful for family, community, religion, and the state is often heard when there is a wedding ceremony.Because it is from a new family that is expected to develop other new families . While others said that the motive for this truntum beginning created by the Surakarta royal relatives who were distressed because they feel neglected by the king . In the midst of solitude that he saw in the sky in the middle of the night many stars sparkling accompany her loneliness within . Inspiration that is captured and forth within the motif .
Sidaluhur motif .
Implies nobleness . For the Javanese , life is sublime him to look for the material and non-material . Virtue means the material can be fulfilled all the bodily needs with hard work in accordance with the position , rank , degree , or profession . Nobility of the material obtained by the true , lawful , and legitimate without cheating or disgraceful acts such as corruption , robbing , stealing , and so on . Because even though the material was sufficient or even excessive , but if the material possessions obtained improperly , ill-gotten , it can not be said to achieve nobleness materially . Nobility of the material would be more meaningful if the property owned by it is beneficial to others and can be given in various forms such as donations , donations , grants , and so on . While virtue , speech , and action is non-material form of nobility . People who can be trusted by others , or words very beneficial to others of course it would be better than his words could not be held by someone else and not trusted anyone else . People who can be trusted by others is a form of non-material sublime . Java really hope people can reach later life lived full of sublime value .
Sidamukti motif .
Implies prosperity. Thus for the Javanese, in addition to the coveted life of virtue, speech , and actions , of life in order to attain mukti or ultimately prosper in this world and in the hereafter . People living in the world is looking for peace and prosperity and unseen . To achieve prosperity and peace that will undoubtedly be achieved if without effort and hard work , virtue , speech , and action . But to achieve all this is certainly not easy . Everyone should be able to control the passions , reduce pleasure , wag neighbor , do good without harming others , and so on , so that he felt physically and spiritually prosperous . Life to achieve prosperity and unseen that is also one of the Java community 's desires and of course also universal .
Motif Megamendung
In Megamendung form we can see irregular curved lines on a regular basis of the shape of curved lines in the ( smaller ) and then widen out ( enlarged ) shows the regular harmonic motion . It could be said that this irregular curved lines carry a moral message that human life is always changing ( up and down ) then progresses out to find identity ( learning / social life religion ) and ultimately bring him into a new world heading back into a union after going through the ups and downs ( up and down ) to eventually return to their home ( the laws ) . So that we can see the shape of the arch formed megamendung always a little moving swell kept out and eventually had to return to the small round but should not be interrupted . Regardless of the philosophical meaning that Megamendung symbolizes human life as a whole so that its form should be fused . In terms of production is required if the form of curved lines Megamendung must meet at one point the next bend so when the color on a gradual process ( from the color of light to dark color ) could be easier .
Parang Barong .
This motif is derived from the word "rock " and " barong " ( lion ) . Parang Barong machete is the most great and glorious , and because of the sanctity of this motif philosophy should only be used for the king , especially worn during religious rituals and meditation .
This motif created by Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma who wants to express his life experiences as a king with all his duty , and consciousness as a young man in the presence of the Creator .
Barong word means something big , and this is reflected in the large size of the motif on the fabric . Damaged motive Parang Barong is the mother of all parang motif . This motif has a meaning that a king always cautious and self-control .
So , thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-about-batik.html
DatePublished : April 06, 2014 at 14.23
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Tag : Batik.
