The crisis comes after a series of diplomatic row long and hard between major countries (Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Empire Austria-Hungary and Russia) on issues of European and colonial in the decade before 1914 has left high tensions. In turn, this diplomatic clashes can be traced to the changing balance of power in Europe since 1867. The cause faster for war are tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary with Serbia and Russia compete for territory and influence in this region and they withdrew all major countries into the conflict through various alliances and treaties.
Topics causes of World War I is one of the most studied in the history of the world. Experts have interpreted the topic differently.
Background.
In November 1912, as Russia was humiliated by his inability to support the Bosnian Serbs during the crisis in 1908 and the First Balkan War, the country announced military reconstruction on a large scale.On November 28, Foreign Minister of Germany, Gottlieb von Jagow told the Reichstag (German parliament), that "If Austria were forced, for whatever reason, to fight for its position as a superpower, then we should be with him." As a result, the British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey respond to commemorate Prince Karl Lichnowsky, the German Ambassador in London, that if Germany offers Austria "blank check" for the war in the Balkans, then "the consequences of these policies will not be counted." To reinforce this warning, R.B. Haldane, Lord Chancellor, met with Prince Lichnowsky to give an explicit warning that if Germany attacked France, England will intervene to support the French.
With the reconstruction of Russian military and explicit communication of the UK, the possibility of war is a major topic in the German Empire War Council dated December 8, 1912 in Berlin, an informal meeting of some of the helm of the German military called in a short time by Kaiser. Who attended the conference, among others, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the Secretary of the Navy, Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller, Chairman of the Cabinet of the Imperial Navy Germany (Marinekabinett), General von Moltke, Chief of Army Staff, Admiral August von Heeringen, Chief Naval General Staff and General Moriz von Lyncker, Chief of Cabinet of the Royal Military Germany. The presence of the leaders of the Army and the German navy in the War Council prove the importance of this meeting. However, Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg and General Josias von Heeringen, Prussian Minister of War, was not invited.
Wilhelm II called the principle of balancing the power Britain as a "folly," but agreed that the statement Haldane is a "desirable clarification" of British policy. His opinion is that Austria should attack Serbia in December, and if "Russia supports Serbia, which he obviously did not ... then the war will be inevitable for us as well," and it would be better than going to war after Russia completed the large-scale modernization and their military expansion, which has just begun. Moltke agrees. In the professional opinion of the military "war is inevitable and the sooner the better". Moltke "wants to launch a direct attack".
Both Wilhelm II and the Army leadership agrees that if war is necessary, it is better waged war immediately. Admiral Tirpitz, however, ask for the "delay major battle for one and a half years" because the German navy was not ready for a major war, in which the UK is included as an opponent. He insisted that the completion of construction of the U-boat base at Heligoland and the widening of the Kiel Canal is the prerequisite Navy for war. British historian, John Rohl variegation, the date for the completion of the widening of the Kiel Canal is the summer of 1914. Although Moltke objected to delay the war, Wilhelm siding Tirpitz. Moltke "reluctantly agreed to the delay."
Historians more sympathetic to the government of Wilhelm II, often rejecting the importance of the War Council because it only shows the thought and the recommendations of those present, no decision was taken. They often quote a part of the diary of Admiral Müller, who stated: "It is the end result of the conference there was no .." Of course, the decision is not doing anything.
Historians more sympathetic to the Entente, like the British historian, John Rohl, sometimes a bit ambitious to interpret the words of Admiral Müller who said that "no" was decided for 1912-1913, but the war was decided during the summer of 1914 Rohl found even if the War Council did not reach a binding decision that clearly was not, it still offers a clear view of their intentions, or at least their mind, which is that if there should be war, the Germans wanted a new weapons program before Russia began to produce something.
In November 1912, the Russian military announced restructuring program, the leadership of the German Army began voicing "preventive war" against Russia. Moltke stated that Germany could not win the arms race with France, Britain and Russia, which he himself had started in 1911, because the financial structure of the country, which gives gives the Reich government very little power over tax, and means Germany will bankrupt themselves in the arms race. Thus, Moltke from late 1912 onwards was a leading advocate for a major war, and the sooner the better.
End of World War I.
World War I ended with the victory of the Allies Block and defeat the Central Powers. Completion of the First World War is done by holding peace agreements including the following:Treaty of Versailles.
This agreement made on June 28, 1918. The contents of the Versailles treaty, among others:· Germany surrender Alsace-Lotharingen to France and Eupen-
Malmedy kepadaBelgia.
· Danzig and surrounding areas into town merdek under LBB.
· Germany lose all relevant areas and handed over to the British colonies.
France, and Japan.
· German membayara war damages amounting to 132 billion gold marks
to the allies.
· Force war Germany minimized (maximum of 100,000 soldiers).
· German merchant ships were handed over to the British in damages war.
· The area west of the river Rhein Germany occupied by the allies as collateral,
for fifteen years.
Agreement Saint Germain.
The agreement was signed on November 10, 1919. This agreement to resolve problems between the Allies and Austria. The contents of the agreement Saint Germain,· Austria recognized the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
· Austria lost Tyrol, Istrie, and partly Sudenten.
· Held demilitarization in Austria.
· Serbia plus Montenegro and parts of Austria in the Balkans into Yugoslavia
region.
Treaty of D. Neuilly.
This agreement made on 27 November 1919. This agreement is done by the Allies and Bulgaria. The contents of this agreement is that Bulgaria submit Aegia to the Greek coast.Sevres Treaty.
Sevres agreement was made on 20 August 1920. Countries involved in this agreement is the Allies and Turkey. The contents of the agreement is· Regions Turkey reduced, so stay Constantinople and its surroundings.
· The area where the population is not the Turks should be released.
· Smyrna and Thracians occupied by Greece.
· Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmora and Bosporus strait should be open to all
ships of all nations
As a result of the First World War, Politics (1). Territorial changes, the German colony controlled by allies. (2). Development of new ideologies such as Fascism, Nationalism, Democracy and dictatorship. Economics and economic chaos occurred Occurred economic nationalism, and the economic crisis (melaise). Social field emergence occurred understand Materialism and the labor movement and the emergence of social legislation. War Spirituality field lead to feelings of fear and worry. Therefore, the nations want the world peace organization to be free from fear.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
Author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/01/causes-of-world-war-1.html
Published Date: January 4th, 2016 at 11:58
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