Nervous System Human Body.

The nervous system is one of the most complex body systems and the controls work virtually all parts of the body.

The role of the nervous system in our body is often compared to a centralized computer that controls the function of the whole system. This analogy may explain one of the best way the nervous system works. The nervous system plays an important role in the smooth functioning of the various parts of our body. The nervous system is basically a complex network of cells with special functions. Cells communicate with each other through an electrochemical waves. Neurons and glial cells is an essential component of the nervous system. Given the complex structure of the nervous system, all functions have not been understood in their totality.

The different functions of the Nervous System.

The main function of the nervous system is to control the different systems of our body. Two sections where we divided the nervous system is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord and brain together make up the central nervous system. Nerve tissue outside the central nervous system together form the peripheral nervous system.

Central nervous system.

Brain Function.

The human brain is made up of selebrum, small brain, the limbic system and brain stem.

Large brain (cerebrum).

This is the part of the brain, is divided into four lobes are the frontal, parietal, temporal occipital.

Frontal lobe.

The frontal lobes are associated with functions such as reasoning, language, planning, etc.

Parietal lobe.

Recognition, orientation and perception of different stimuli is a function of the parietal lobe.

Temporal lobe.

Speech, memory, auditory stimuli, etc. is a field where the temporal lobe of the brain function comes into play.

Occipital lobe.

This part of the brain perform visual processing functions.

Small brain (cerebellum).

This part of the brain primarily involved in motor control. Language, concentration, pleasure response, etc are some other areas of the cerebellum functions.

Thalamus.

This part of the cerebellum do various motor and sensory functions.

The amygdala.

The amygdala is primarily associated with emotional response, memory and fear.

Hypothalamus.

It is primarily responsible for regulating the body temperature. The hypothalamus is compared with a device called a thermostat. In addition to controlling the temperature of the body, the hypothalamus also plays an important role in controlling thirst, hunger and emotions. It's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is present in the hypothalamus controls the body's sleep-wake cycle.

Hippocampus.

Hippocampus enables us to learn new things. It is also associated with memorization, even, the hippocampus helps in converting short-term memories into permanent.

The limbic system.

The limbic system controls our emotional responses and also helps in memorizing and learning.

Stem brain (Brain stem).

Stem the brain perform different functions such as feel the vibrations, recognizing subtle touch, pain, rough touch, itching, etc. This part of the brain is also associated with the functioning of the respiratory system and the heart.

Hindbrain.

Coordination of body movements and homeostasis are both carried out by the hind brain. Hind brain is formed from the medulla, cerebellum and pons.

The basal ganglia.

Body balance and movement are controlled by the basal ganglia.

Medulla Oblangata.

This part of the brain controlling breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.

The function of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord plays an important role in connecting the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Here are the different functions performed by the spinal cord.

Movement of the shoulder, elbow flexing and movement of the arm lifting is all done by cervical spinal cord 5 and 6.
This thoracic spinal cord and cervical spine 1 7 nerves responsible for movement of the wrist and the small muscles in the other.
The movement of the rod and the intercostal muscles lying on the waist performed by thoracic spinal cord 1-6.
Hamstring muscles of the knee can be bent with the help of the spinal cord and the lumbar 4 and 5 spinal cord sacrum 1 & 2.
Adduction is movement in which muscles are brought closer to the middle of the field sagittal our bodies. Spinal cord lumbar 2, 3 and 4 to bring the thigh adduction movements.
Abduction is the movement in which a particular muscle or group of muscles to move in the opposite direction to that in adduction. Spinal cord and lumbar 4 and 5 spinal cord sacrum 1 enables the movement of the thigh abduction.
Spinal cord sacrum 1 & 2 and lumbar spinal nerve 5 aid in the movement of plantar flexion of the foot and also in flexing the toes.
The movement of the abdominal muscles are controlled by nerves from the chest spinal nerve 7 lumbar spinal cord 1.
Flexing thigh was taken by lumbar spinal nerve 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Spinal cord skull 6 & 7 is responsible for the movement of the wrist and elbow extension and wrist pronation.

Reflex arc.

It is a unit of the nervous system responds to stimuli. Reflex arc can work in relation to the spinal cord and brain and independent as well. Blinking eyes is one example of the reflex arc function.

The peripheral nervous system.

The main function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is to connect the limbs and other organs to the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system sends the processed information to the central nervous system of glands and muscles of the body. An appropriate response is then activated by the glands and muscles. Motor neurons send instructions to the muscles or glands. This civil servant is sub-divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system.

Somatic Nervous System.

The nervous system controls all movements conscious (voluntary) body by way of the skeletal muscles, reflex arc is an exception to it. There are 3 types of somatic nerves are described below.

Spinal nerve.

These nerves carry information obtained from sensory organs to the spinal cord.

Nerves Association.

They bring about the integration of sensory input and motor output.

Cranial nerve.

This is the somatic nervous system that transfers the information entered into and emerging from the brain stem.

The autonomic nervous system.

The nervous system also known as visceral or involuntary nervous system. Digestion, perspiration, breathing, urinating, dilated pupils, etc. are controlled by the nervous system processes this. The autonomic nervous system responds involuntarily, ie not having to rely on the brain to activate a response. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The first helps increase the activity of the autonomic nervous system while the second act in a reverse way.

The enteric nervous system.

It is a sub-division of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system (ENS) to control the gastro-intestinal system. Although the ENS is part of the autonomic nervous system, is also capable of functioning independently. Ischemia can inhibit the function of ENS. Ischemia is essentially a problem in which the blood supply to tissues is restricted. This in turn eliminates the tissue of oxygen and glucose. The end result is that the cell metabolism are affected.

Receptors function.

Sensory receptors of the nervous system plays an important role in extracting information from the environment and send it back to the central nervous system. Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
Central nervous system collects information from sensory receptors that process. Job transfer and interpret this information carried by interneurons.

The receptors are classified into three types, namely exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors. Here is the function of this receptor.

Exteroceptors used by the nervous system to detect various types of smell, to hear, see, touch, taste and feel.
Signal associated with blood pressure, digestive tract, bladder and osmotic pressure of blood plasma received by interoceptors.
The movement and position of body parts tracked by proprioceptors.
Type of stimulus received by the receptor is one of the criteria used in classifying the receptor. Chemical receptors, mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors is a type of receptor is classified based on the criteria given.

These receptors thermoreceptors consisting of warm and cold receptors each very enthusiastic about the rise and the temperature drops
mechanoreceptors carry information about the mechanical stimulation to the central nervous system.
Chemical receptors are divided into olfactory, gustatory and glucose detectors each of which is responsible for detecting odors, flavors and glucose. Glucose detector is also responsible for providing information about the acid-base balance in the body.
Nervous system functions listed in this article helps in understanding the role of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in the body functions. This information will assist in understanding the function of various parts of the body with a better way.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/09/nervous-system-human-body.html
DatePublished: 10 September 2015 11:59

Tag : Nervous System Human Body.

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