www.Primo.com: Puppet history.

PUPPET one peak arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among many other cultural works. Culture puppets include acting, singing, music, speech arts, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and art is also symbolic. Puppet culture, which continues to evolve over time, is also a lighting media, propaganda, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
According to research by historians of culture, culture is a culture of wayang native to Indonesia, particularly in Java. The existence puppet centuries before the Hindu religion entering into Java. Although a popular puppet story in today's society is an adaptation of Indian literature, the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The second story was the puppet master undergo much alteration and additions to adapt them to the original philosophy of Indonesia.
Redefining the concept of philosophy is also about the philosophical view of the Java community to the position of the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but like the other God's creatures, sometimes acting wrong, and it could be a blunder. The presence of puppet characters created intentionally punakawan dalam_ the humanists Indonesian (Javanese cultural exact) to reinforce the concept of philosophy that in this world there is no creature that is really good, and really nasty. Each creature is always bearing elements of good and evil.
In his dissertation titled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau indicates his belief that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding puppet in the dissertation of Dr.. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (carved leather) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the question of course is a puppet Puppet as we know it today.

Origin.

Regarding the origins of this puppet, in the world there are two opinions. First, the idea that puppets originated and was first born on the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion besides embraced and advanced by researchers and experts in the nation of Indonesia, is also the result of research scholars of the West. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.
The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of puppet is very closely related to socio-cultural and religious state of the Indonesian people, especially the Javanese. Panakawan, the most important figures in the puppet, that Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there is only the Indonesian wayang, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms puppet, all derived from the Javanese (Kuna), and no other language.
Meanwhile, a second opinion suspected puppets from India, brought together by the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Most of this second group is the British scholar, the European country that once colonized India.
However, since the 1950s, the books seemed to have agreed that the puppet puppet is derived from Java, and in no way are imported from other countries.
Puppet culture in Indonesia is estimated to have been born at least in the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), ie, when the kingdom in East Java that was prosperous prosperous. Literary works are the subject of puppet stories have been written by the poets of Indonesia, since the X. century Among other things, the draft language literature Kakawin Book of Old Javanese Ramayana written during the reign of King Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is the composition of the Book of the Ramayana written by Indian poet Valmiki. Furthermore, the Javanese poet no longer just translating the Ramayana and Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but compose and retelling the Java philosophy by incorporating into it. For example, the work of master Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is a composition that is orphaned on the Book of Mahabharata. Another more obvious composition difference derigan Indian version of the original story, is the work of master Kakawin Baratayuda Sedah and master Panuluh. This masterpiece is done during the reign of King Jayabaya, king of Kediri (1130-1160).
Puppet as a performance and spectacle had already started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions were made at that time, among others already mentioned the words "mawayang 'and` aringgit' which means that the puppet show.
Regarding the birth culture puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his symbolism and mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimates that the puppet has existed since Neolithic times, that is approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings of Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph.. D, Prehistoric Research in the Netherland Indies (1945) and Prof. writing. K.A.H. Hidding in Indonesian Encyclopedia page 987.
The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` wewayangan', which means shadow. This conjecture is consistent with the fact the Wayang Kulit performances that uses color, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Spectators only witness puppet movements through the shadows that fall on the screen. At that time puppet performances accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, he argued (a type of flute), and kemanak. Other types of gamelan and singer at that time thought to not exist.
To further promote the culture of puppets, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet story that is not orphaned in the Book of the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Since then Panji stories; namely the story of the ancestral kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one form another puppet. Panji stories are then more widely used for Wayang Beber.
Popularize the tradition of puppet story also forwarded by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began mewayangkan story of the king of Majapahit, among Damarwulan story.
Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century was also a big influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of the philosophy of the puppet. In the early 15th century, the age of the kingdom of Demak, began to use specially shaped oil lamps called blencong on Wayang Kulit performances.
Since the days of Kartasura, composing wayang Ramayana and Mahabharata orphaned at getting away from the original. Since the days that people recognize genealogy enthusiasts puppet puppet characters, including gods figure, which originated from the Prophet Adam. The genealogy continues to come to the kings of Java. And furthermore, becoming known existence of puppet stories grip anyway. appropriate standards of the story, and the story lines beyond puppet carangan standard. Additionally there's more drama called splinter, which was too far out of the story grip.
Indeed, because the strength of puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually occurred in the country, regarded Javanese wayang story actually happened in the island of Java.
And in the area of Kulon Progo itself puppet is still very interested by all circles. Not only by parents, but also teenagers and even young children have also been used to see the puppet show. Besides, the puppet also commonly used in certain events in the area of Kulon Progo, both in urban areas or in rural areas Wates in Kulon Progo.

DEFINITIONS PUPPET.

In the Java language, the word wayang means "shadow". If the terms of the philosophical meaning, "puppet" can be interpreted as a shadow or a reflection of the existing properties of the human soul. The properties in question include such insolence character, virtues, greedy, and so forth.
The play is performed by a puppeteer who is assisted by several gamelan players and one or two people waranggana as vocalist. Mastermind function here is to set the course of the show as a whole. Mastermind leads all performances for the yield component stories presented in the groove.

Variety Puppet.

Regarding the type of puppet that is recognized by the Java community, it turns out there are several types of puppets, include; Wayang Kulit (purwa), klithik Puppet, Marionette Puppet, Wayang Beber, Puppet and Puppet Suket.

Wayang Kulit.

As the name implies, shadow puppets made from animal skins (such as buffalo, oxen, or goats). Puppet is used to demonstrate the play-play or story from Chronicle purwa, namely the Mahabharata and Ramayana. Therefore puppet called by the name Purwa. Until now puppet show, as well as a means of entertainment, is also one part of the traditional ceremonies, such as: clean village, ruwatan and others.

Puppet klithik

Klithik puppets made of wood with two-dimensional (flat) which is nearing puppet form. There are similarities between the klithik puppet shadow play, namely the gamelan, vocalist, the language used in the dialogue, design flooring, lighting equipment used in the show and others. Nevertheless, we encounter many differences.
Klithik puppet show generally only serves as a common spectacle sometimes inserted therein enlightened government (for extension development). To that end, the puppet klithik sometimes called by the name puppet torches. Setting the stage a little bit different with shadow puppets. Puppet klithik though the floor design in the form of a straight line, but do not use the screen. To stick puppet, used bamboo perforated.

Puppet show

As is the case with klithik puppet, puppet show is also made of wood. But the puppet show has three dimensions (like a puppet). Marionette Puppet is more realistic than the puppet and puppet klithik. Because, besides its shape resembles the shape of a human body, puppet also comes with costumes made of fabric. Puppet show in addition to the usual spectacle, is still often performed as a ceremonial village clean. The play that was exhibited comes from the Chronicle Menak, namely the history of Arabia before the birth of Prophet Muhammad

Wayang Beber.

Wayang Beber is the art of puppet that appeared and developed in Java. Named for a puppet Beber sheets (beberan) are shaped into characters in wayang story, both the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
It is said by the Wali Songo (propagator of Islam in Java), including the Sunan Kalidjaga, this modified Beber puppet shadow play with the shapes into forms that are now known ornamental. Because Islam forbids images form living beings (humans, animals) as well as sculptures and given additional figures that do not exist in baboons wayang (puppet with original figures of India), which are Semar and his sons (Punakawan) and Heritage Hyang Kalimasada.

Gallery;

So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: February 12, 2014 at 12:55