www.Primo.com: Motor Fuel Diesel.

Motor diesel fuel commonly referred to as diesel engines (or engine compression triggers) is a motor fuel combustion that uses the heat of compression to create ignition and burning fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This engine does not use spark plugs like a gasoline engine or gas engine . This machine was found in 1892 by Rudolf Diesel , who received a patent on February 23, 1893 . Diesel wants a machine to be used with a wide variety of fuels including coal dust . He show it to the Exposition Universelle ( World's Fair ) in 1900 using peanut oil ( see biodiesel ) . This machine is then rectified and perfected by Charles F. Kettering .
The diesel engine has the best thermal efficiency compared to internal combustion engines and external combustion others , because it has a very high compression ratio . Low - speed diesel engines ( as in ship engines ) can have a thermal efficiency of more than 50 % .
The diesel engine was developed in two versions -stroke and four -stroke . This machine was originally used as a substitute for the steam engine . Since the 1910s , these machines began to be used for ships and submarines , followed by locomotives , trucks , power plants , and other heavy equipment . In the 1930s , the diesel engine is used to start the car . Since then , the use of diesel engines continues to increase and according to the British Society of Motor Manufacturing and Traders , 50 % of new cars sold in the EU are diesel cars , even in France reaches 70 % .

History .

Diesel engine original made in 1897 , on display in the German Museum in Munich , Germany .
Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858 as a German expatriate families .
He continued his studies at Munich Polytechnic . After graduation he worked as a refrigerator engineer , but his talents are in designing the machine . Diesel designed many heat engines , including a solar -powered air engine . In 1892 he received a patent from Germany , Switzerland , England , and the United States for his " Method of and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work " ( Method and Apparatus for Converting Heat into Work ) . In 1893 he found a " slow - combustion engine " that first compress the air , thus raising the temperature to above the flash point , then gradually incorporate the fuel into the combustion chamber . In 1894 and 1895 he made a patent in several countries for the engine he found, first in Spain (No. 16 654 ) , France (No. 243 531 ) and Belgium (No. 113 139 ) in December , 1894, Germany (No. 86 633 ) 1895 , and the United States (No. 608,845 ) in 1898 . He operates his first engine in 1897.
In Augsburg , August 10, 1893 , Rudolf Diesel created the first machine , a single -cylinder 10 - foot ( 3.0 m ) made of iron with a flywheel at its base. Diesel takes 2 years to enhance the engine and in 1896 he demonstrated the other model with a theoretical efficiency of 75 % , very much when compared to the steam engine that is only 10 % . In 1898 , Diesel had become a millionaire . Homemade machine has been used to drive transportation pipelines , electric and water plants , cars , trucks , and boats , and also spread to the mining , oil fields , factories , and transportation between continents .

How does a diesel engine work .

Diagram of a thermodynamic cycle ideal diesel engine . Diesel engine working order sequence of numbers 1-4 in a clockwise direction . In cycle diesel engine , combustion occurs in a fixed pressure and discharge occurs in a fixed volume . Power generated per cycle is the area inside the line cycle .
When air is compressed its temperature will increase (as stated by Charles Law), diesel engines use these properties for the combustion process . Air is sucked into the combustion chamber diesel engine and compressed by a piston that is docked , a much higher compression ratio than gasoline engines . Moments before the piston at Top Dead Point position (TDC) or BTDC Before Top Dead Center), diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber under high pressure through a nozzle that mixes with the hot air of high pressure . The result of this mixing lit and burn rapidly . Spraying fuel into the combustion chamber when the piston started approaching ( very close ) TMA to avoid detonation . Spraying fuel directly into the combustion chamber above the piston is called direct injection ( direct injection ) while spraying fuel into a special chamber that relate directly to the main combustion chamber where the piston is called indirect injection ( indirect injection ) .
This led to a gas explosion in a closed combustion chamber expands rapidly , pushing the piston down and produces a linear force . Connecting rod ( connecting rod ) to channel this movement to the crankshaft and the crankshaft by a linear power was converted into rotary power . Turn the power on the shaft end of the crankshaft used for various purposes .

To improve the ability of diesel engines , generally added components :

* The turbocharger or supercharger to increase the volume of air entering the combustion chamber due to air entering the combustion chamber is driven by a turbine in the turbo / supercharger .
* Intercooler to cool the air that will enter the combustion chamber . Hot air expands in volume and vice versa , then the cooled air that aims to occupy the combustion chamber can be much more .
The diesel engine is hard to live on when the engine in cold conditions . Some machines use a small electronic heater called a spark lit ( spark / glow plug ) in the cylinder to heat the combustion chamber prior to ignition . Others use the heating " resistive grid " in the " intake manifold " to warm the inlet air until the engine reaches operating temperature . After operating the engine fuel combustion in the cylinder effectively heat up the engine .
In very cold weather , diesel fuel thickens and increases the viscosity and forms wax crystals or a gel . It can affect the fuel system from the tank to the nozzle , making ignition engine in cold weather becomes difficult . How common is used to heat the fuel filter and fuel lines electronically .
For the application of an electric generator , an important component of the diesel engine is the governor , which controls the supply of fuel that the engine turns round always desired . If the engine rev down too much power quality issued will decrease so that electrical equipment may not work properly , whereas if the engine rev too high, it can lead to over- voltage that could damage electrical equipment . Modern diesel engines use advanced electronic control to achieve this goal through electronic control module ( ECM ) or electronic control unit ( ECU ) - which is the " computer " in the machine . ECM / ECU receives engine speed signals through sensors and algorithms and calibration look up table stored in the ECM / ECU , it controls the amount of fuel and time through electronic or hydraulic actuators to adjust the engine speed .

Types of diesel engines .

There are two classes of diesel engines : two -stroke and four -stroke .
Usually the number of cylinders in multiples of two , although any number of cylinders can be used for the crankshaft can be balanced to prevent excessive vibration . Inline 6 engines most widely produced in the medium - duty engines for heavy-duty , though the V8 and inline 4 is also widely produced .
The diesel engine works with compressed air high enough , so that the large diesel engines need to be added some more air . Then used supercharger or turbocharger to the intake manifold , with the aim of meeting the needs of compressed air .

Advantages and disadvantages compared with spark - ignition engines .

Fuel efficiency .

S80ME - C7 engine owned MAN diesel engine consumes 155 grams ( 5.5 oz ) per kWh and fuel efficiency of 54.4 % , making it the highest conversion of fuel into power for internal combustion engines as well as any outside ( The efficiency of a combined cycle gas turbine system can exceed 60 % . this means that diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline engines for the same power output , so that more efficient fuel consumption . another example is the Škoda Octavia , where the gasoline engine consumes fuel Template : Convert/L/100km for energy Template : Convert / LinAonDbSon while the diesel engine consumes only Template : Convert/L/100km for power output 105 bhp ( 78 kW ) .
Efficiency of diesel engines is because diesel fuel is denser and more energy content of 15% by volume . Although slightly lower calorific value than gasoline ( diesel 45.3 MJ / kg ( megajoules per kilogram , gasoline 45.8 MJ / kg ) , but due to the higher density , the greater its mass .
In addition , diesel engines are also more efficient because of the higher compression ratio , especially at low speed and idle engine conditions . Unlike gasoline engines , diesel engines do not have the butterfly valve / throttle on the inlet system that shuts down the engine at idle condition . This has led to a loss and decrease the presence of incoming air , thus decreasing the efficiency of gasoline engines . In many uses , such as marine vessels , agricultural , and trains , diesel engines left on idle for hours . Profit-making is widely used in railway locomotives.
Diesel engines in buses , trucks , cars and new diesel engine can achieve maximum efficiency of about 45 % , and is enhanced so as to achieve 55 % . Even so , the average efficiency is not always the same , depending on the condition and use.

Differences diesel and petrol motors:

Gas is sucked in step motor gasoline is a mixture of fuel and air , while the diesel engine is pure air .
Motor gasoline fuel burned by the spark plugs, while the diesel motor by high-temperature compression.
Motor gasoline spark-ignition engine, while the diesel injector (Nozzel)

Advantages and disadvantages between petrol and diesel motors;

Excess.

Vibration motor gasoline is more refined and the same size and capacity of the engine is lighter gasoline

Shortage.

Motor gasoline not stand working continuously for a long time while the diesel opposite the rugged terrain
Motor gasoline sensitive to high temperatures, especially the ignition system components,
while the diesel motor stand working at high temperatures.
Gasoline motor fuel must be of good quality because it is sensitive to fuel, unlike the diesel engine can use fuel most of the different types and quality.
Both petrol and diesel motors both both work with the 4-stroke and 2-stroke, 4-stroke engine which is the motor that works every single time its fuel combustion piston step requires 4 times or 2 times the rotation of the crankshaft.

So , thank you for reading this article . Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.

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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/02/motor-fuel-diesel.html
DatePublished: February 12, 2014 at 15:57

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