Train.

 Train is a form of rail transport that consists of a series of vehicle being driven along the railway line to transport cargo or passengers. The driving force is provided by a separate locomotive or individual motors in some units. Although historical propulsion steam engines dominate, modern forms of the most common is a diesel engine and electric locomotives, which is supplied by overhead wires or additional rails. Other energy sources including horses, rope or wire, gravity, pneumatics, batteries, and gas turbines. Railroads usually consist of two, three or four tracks, with a monorail and maglev guideways in the mix. The word 'train' comes from the Old French language trahiner, from Latin trahere 'pull, draw'.
There are various types of train designed for a specific purpose. Train can consist of a combination of one or more of the locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple unit (or occasionally a single or articulated powered coach, called a train car). The first train pulled by a rope shape, gravity powered or pulled by horses. From the beginning of the 19th century, almost all of them supported by a steam locomotive. From the 1910s onwards the steam locomotives began to be replaced by less and cleaner (but more complex and expensive) diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, while at the same time some self-propelled vehicle unit either power system became much more common in passenger service.

History.

Railway history as the history of transportation generally beginning with the invention of the wheel. Originally known chariot consists of only one train (series), and then made a horse-drawn carriage which attracts more than one series and running in certain lines of iron (rail) and is called the gauge. It is used especially in areas where there is mining trucks and pulled coupled with horsepower.
After James Watt invented the steam engine, Nicolas Cugnot make three-wheeled vehicle fuel vapor. People refer to it as an iron horse vehicle. Then Richard Trevithick made locomotive engine coupled with the train and use it on a show in front of the general public. George Stephenson perfect race to win the locomotive locomotives and used in the path of the Liverpool-Manchester. At that time steam locomotive that used constructed locusts. Completion for the improvement made to obtain a more effective steam locomotives, large power, and is able to train more attractive.
The discovery of electricity by Michael Faraday made several discoveries that followed the invention of the electric equipment electric motor. The electric motor is then used to create an electric tram which is the forerunner of an electric train. Then Rudolf Diesel diesel trains bring a more powerful and more efficient than steam locomotives. Along with the development of electrical and magnetic technology is more advanced, they invented magnetic train has a speed above the speed of regular trains. Japan in the 1960s operate KA Super Express Shinkanzen Tokyo-Osaka route that eventually developed further so as to reach almost all of Japan. Then France operate trains similar to the TGV name.

Types of trains.

In terms of propulsion (propulsion).
Steam train
Rail diesel Consists of:
Electric-diesel train (KRDL)
Hydraulic diesel train (KRDH)
Light rail
Train Magnetic Levitation (Maglev)

In terms of rail.

Conventional rail trains.

Conventional rail train is a train that we usually encounter. Using rail consisting of two steel rods were placed in a hard teak pads. In certain areas that possess the level of altitude steep, jagged used rails placed in the middle of the rail and using a special locomotive that has gears, and only in the island of Sumatra and Java

Monorail train.

Monorail train (single track rail) train track is not like a train line that is common. This rail consists of a single rod. Train layout is designed to hang on the rail or on the tracks. Because efficient, usually used as a means of urban transport, especially in metropolitan cities of the world and is designed much like the overpass.

In terms of the above / below ground level.

If a city is built with cross overpass or underground, then there is no railroad crossing, so the train schedule can be 1.5 to 2 minutes as happened in Japan. Therefore KRL in Jakarta is not possible to operate less than 10 minutes, because there is still a train crossing, consequently also each set of KRL is always full.

Rail surface (surface).

Train running on the ground surface. Generally, a common rail trains are of this type. Construction costs for the train is the cheapest surface than underground or elevated. Generally the track surface in Indonesia was built before World War II.

Railroad overpass (elevated / viaduct).

Railroad overpass running over with the help of poles, this is to avoid cross plot, so as not to require railroad crossing gates. Costs incurred approximately three (3) times of trains surface with the same distance, for example, to train surface requires $ 10 million to train the overpass to cost $ 30 million. In Jakarta there is a path through the City of Manggarai to Gambir station. At the center of this cross, Manggarai - City, there is no railway crossings. The initial plan was to cross the east (Jatinegara - Monday - City) and cross-west (Manggarai - Tanah Abang), will also be posted but inadequate finances, so that only the central passage are solved temporarily. The plan of the Senayan traffic to Brass contained elevated monorail made in Malaysia. Instead it consists of a design that has been customized state of railroad history.

Underground train (subway).

Underground train is a train that runs below ground surface (subway). Trains of this type built by building tunnels under the ground as the railway line. Commonly used in a large urban city (metropolitan) like New York, Tokyo, Paris, Seoul and Moscow. In addition, it is also used on a smaller scale in the mining area. The costs are very expensive, because often penetrate 20m below the surface, time - the buildings and roads, namely 7 (seven) times that of the rail surface. For example, if to build with the same distance to the surface of the needed $ 10 million, then the underground require $ 70 million. In Japan cross subway construction has been started since 1905. Jakarta is planned to be built subway segment Upper Hamlet to the City of Jakarta Mass Transit Project. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/11/train.html
DatePublished: 26 November 2014 at 12:02

Tag : Train.
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