This volcano has erupted 68 times.

Mount Merapi (peak height of 2,968 m above sea level, as of 2006) is a volcano in the central part of Java Island and is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. South side slopes are within the administrative district of Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, and the rest are in the region of Central Java province, namely Magelang District on the west side, Boyolali the north and east, and Klaten district on the southeast side. Forest area around the peak became Mount Merapi National Park area since 2004.
The mountain is very dangerous because according to modern records experiencing eruption (peak of activity) every two to five years and is surrounded by a very dense settlement. Since 1548, this mountain has erupted 68 times as much.
Magelang and Yogyakarta is the nearest large town, is under 30 miles from the peak. On the slopes there are settlements up to a height of 1700 m and is just four kilometers from the peak. Because of this importance, Merapi became one of sixteen volcanoes of the world including in the Decade Volcanoes project (Decade Volcanoes).

Geology. 

Mount Merapi is the youngest volcano in the series leading up to the south of Mount Unggaran. The mountain is formed due to the activity in subduction zones Indo-Australian plate under the Eurasian plate moves to cause the appearance of volcanic activity along the central part of Java Island. This current peak is not overgrown vegetation because of high volcanic activity. This peak grows in the southwest side of the summit of Mount Batulawang older.
Mount Merapi formation process has been studied and published from 1989 onwards. Berthomier, a French scholar, Merapi divides the development into four stages. The first stage is pre-Merapi (up to 400,000 years ago), which is part of Mount Bibi can still be seen on the east side of the peak of Merapi. Old Merapi stage occurs when Merapi started to form but not conical (60000-8000 years ago). The remains of this stage is Turgo Hill and Hill Plawangan in the southern part, which is formed of basaltic lava. Next is the Middle Merapi (8000 - 2000 years ago), is characterized by the formation of the high peaks, such as Mount Gajahmungkur and Batulawang, which is composed of andesite lava. Formation process in this period is characterized by lava flows, brecciation of lava, and pyroclastic. Activities have to be effusive eruptions of Merapi (melt) and explosive. Also estimated that an explosive eruption with debris material westward leaving the horseshoe morphology with a length of 7 km, a width of 1-2 miles with some hills on the western slopes. Pasarbubar crater (or Pasarbubrah) were formed during this period. Merapi peak current, peak Newer, just beginning to form about 2000 years ago. During its development, are known to occur several times an explosive eruption with VEI 4 is based on the observation layer of TEFRA.
Characteristics eruption since 1953 is the insistence of lava into the summit crater accompanied by periodic lava dome collapse and the formation of hot clouds (nuee ardente) which can slide on the slopes or vertically upward. Merapi eruption this type generally do not make a sound blast but hiss. Dome of the existing peak until 2010 was the result of a process that lasted from 1969 gas eruption.
Geologists in 2006 detected a giant space beneath Merapi containing materials such as mud that is "significantly impede earthquake vibration wave". Scientists estimate that the material is magma.
This bag is part of a magma formation formed by menghunjamnya Indo-Australian Plate under the Eurasian Plate.
Small eruptions occur every 2-3 years, and the larger about 10-15 years. Merapi eruptions big impact recorded in the year 1006 (allegations), 1786, 1822, 1872, and 1930. The eruption in 1006 made the whole central part of Java island shrouded in gray, based on observations of volcanic ash heap. Dutch geologist, van Bemmelen, theorized that the eruption caused the central Medang Kingdom (Ancient Mataram) should be moved to East Java. The eruption in 1872 was considered as the most powerful eruptions in the geological record VEI scale modern reaches 3 to 4. Recent eruption, in 2010, is also expected to have power close to or equal. The eruption of 1930, which destroyed the village and killed thirteen people in 1400, is the biggest victim of the eruption of the record until now.
November 1994 eruption causes heat clouds glide down to reach some villages and claimed 60 human soul. July 19, 1998 eruption big enough but pointing up so it does not take casualties. Note the last eruption of this mountain was in 2001-2003 in the form of high activity are ongoing. In 2006 Mount Merapi high activity and volunteers could take two lives in the area exposed to the brunt of Kaliadem as heat clouds. The series of eruptions in October and November 2010 were evaluated as the largest since the eruption in 1872  and claimed the lives of 273 people (as of 17 November 2010), although it has been put in place an intensive observation and preparation for evacuation management. The eruption of 2010 was also observed as a deviation from the eruption "Merapi-type" because it is accompanied by the sound of explosions and explosive roar heard up to a distance of 20-30 km.
The mountain is monitored non-stop by the Whale Center of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta City, assisted by various geophysical instrument telemetry around the top of the mountain as well as a number of visual observation post and recording seismicity in Ngepos (Srumbung), Babadan, and Ground.

Eruption of 2006. 

In April and May 2006, signs began to emerge that Merapi will erupt again, marked by earthquakes and deformation. Government of Central Java and Yogyakarta has prepared evacuation efforts. Instructions have also been issued by both the local government so that residents living near Merapi immediately evacuate to places that have been provided.
On May 15, 2006 finally Merapi erupted. Then on June 4, it was reported that the volcanic activity has exceeded the alert status. BPPTK head of Yogyakarta, Ratdomo Purbo explained that around June 2 to 4 volumes of lava dome of Merapi has reached 4 million cubic meters - meaning that the lava dome has met all of the capacity of Merapi lava bursts so that the latest addition would be straight out of the dome of Merapi.
June 1, Rain of volcanic ash from Mount Merapi Hot clouds glide dense, three occurred in recent days and Magelang Magelang regency, Central Java. Muntilan about 14 kilometers from the peak of Merapi, most feel the ash rain.
June 8, Mount Merapi erupted at 9:03 pm with a blast of heat clouds that made thousands of people on the slopes of Mount Merapi area panicked and tried to escape to safety. Today recorded two eruptions of Merapi, a second eruption occurred at around 9:40 pm. Bursts of hot clouds as far as 5 km upstream leads to Gendol (southern slopes) and partially burned forest area in north Kaliadem in Sleman.

Eruption of 2010. 

The main article for this section are: Mount Merapi Eruption 2010
Improving the status of "normal active" to "alert" on September 20, 2010 recommended by the Center for Volcano Investigation and Technology Development (BPPTK) Yogyakarta. After about a month, on October 21, the status changed to "standby" since 18:00 pm. At this level of displacement activity had to be prepared. Due to increasing activity, indicated by the high frequency of earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes multiphase, since 06.00 pm October 25 BPPTK tangggal Yogyakarta recommends an increase in status of Mount Merapi to be "alert" and all the inhabitants of the area within a radius of 10 km from the summit to be evacuated and evacuated to areas safe.
The first eruption occurred at around 17:02 pm on October 26. At least eruptions occur up to three times. The eruption of volcanic material as high as approximately 1.5 miles and accompanied the release of heat clouds that hit Kaliadem, Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan, Sleman and cost the lives of 43 people, plus a baby who died because of Magelang respiratory distress.
Since then began to vomit hot clouds occur irregularly. Starting October 28, the Mount Merapi spewed lava which appeared almost simultaneously with the release of heat clouds at 19:54 pm. Next start hotspots silence was observed at the peak on November 1, marks a new phase that magma has reached the pit crater.
However, different from the usual Merapi character, rather than the formation of a new lava dome, instead what happens is the increased activity bursts of lava and heat clouds since Nov. 3. Explosive eruptions preceded a major eruption on the morning of Thursday, November 4, 2010, resulting in a column of cloud bursts as high as 4 km and hot clouds in different directions at the foot of Merapi. Furthermore, since about three o'clock in the afternoon eruption that will not cease until the evening and reached its peak in the early hours of Friday, November 5, 2010. Towards the middle of the night, for all the danger radius was enlarged to 20 km from the summit. The series of eruptions and a roar heard up to the city of Yogyakarta (a distance of about 27 km from the summit), Magelang and Wonosobo regency center (distance 50 km). Rain gravel and sand reach the northern part of the city of Yogyakarta, while the thick volcanic ash swept up Purwokerto and Cilacap. In the afternoon, volcanic ash is known to have reached Tasikmalaya, Bandung and Bogor.
Secondary hazards such as cold lava flow threatened the lower region on November 4 after heavy rain around the peak of Merapi. On November 5, Code River in Yogyakarta declared area status "alert" (red alert).
Powerful eruption 5 November followed by high activity for about a week, before then there was a slight decrease in activity, but the security status remains "Caution". On November 15, 2010 to limit the danger radius of Magelang Regency reduced to 15 km and for two other districts of Central Java to 10 km. Just for the District. Sleman who still remain in place 20 km radius danger.

Vegetation. 

At the peak of Mount Merapi never overgrown vegetation due to high activity. Plant species at the top of a typical alpine-type mountains of Java, such as Rhododendron and edeweis Java. Somewhat to the bottom of the bamboo forests and mountains of tropical plants.
Slopes of Merapi, especially below 1,000 m, is the hometown of two national superior salak cultivars, namely bark 'Salak' and 'Nglumut'.

Climbing route. 

Mount Merapi is a popular climbing objects. because this mountain is a mountain that is very fascinating. The most common climbing route is via the side and near north of Selo, Boyolali, Central Java, exactly in the Village Tlogolele. The village is located between Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu. Climbing through Selo takes about five hours to the summit.
Another popular path is through the Ground, Pakem District, Sleman District, Yogyakarta on the south side. This path is more steep and takes about 6-7 hours to the summit. Another alternative pathway is through the northwest side, starting from Sawangan, Magelang regency, Central Java, and through the southeast side, from the direction of Deles, Kemalang Subdistrict, Klaten regency, Central Java.

After photographs of Mount Merapi erupts. 

So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/02/this-volcano-has-erupted-68-times.html
DatePublished: February 11, 2014 at 12:22
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Tag ; Mount Merapi, mount merapi