www.Primo.com: The use of nuclear materials.

1. Definition of Nuclear.

Nuclear word means part of or associated with the atomic nucleus (nuclei). In nuclear physics, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide, to produce different results from the initial product. In principle a reaction can involve more than two particles colliding, but such occurrences are very rare. When the particles collide and separate without changing (except possibly in energy levels), this process is called a collision and not a reaction.

Two known nuclear reactions, namely nuclear fusion reactions and nuclear fission.
Nuclear fusion reaction is a reaction of fusion of two or more atomic nuclei into new and generate energy, also known as a clean reaction.
Nuclear fission is a cleavage reaction due to the collision of atomic nuclei other atomic nuclei, and generating new energy and atomic mass is smaller, as well as electromagnetic radiation. Fusion reaction also produces alpha radiation, beta and gamma are very harmful to humans.

Examples nuclear fusion reaction is a reaction that occurs in almost all core stars in the universe. Hydrogen bomb weapon also utilizes the principle of uncontrolled fusion reaction. Examples fission is an explosion of nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants.

Elements that are often used in nuclear fission is Plutonium and Uranium (mainly plutonium-239, uranium-235), while in nuclear fusion reaction is Lithium and Hydrogen (particularly Lithium-6, Deuterium, Tritium).

2. Material Maker.

Author nuclear material is uranium. Uranium is a radioactive element. Here is a definition of uranium and how it works according to the World Nuclear Organization or the World Nuclear Association which can be seen in www.world-nuclear.org:

Uranium is a very heavy metal which can be used as an abundant source of concentrated energy.
Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per million and is as common in the earth's crust as tin, tungsten and molybdenum. Uranium occurs in sea water, and can be recovered from the ocean.
Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral called pitchblende. It was named after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier.
Uranium was apparently formed in supernovae around 6.6 billion years ago. Although not common in the solar system, today the slow radioactive decay provides the main source of heat in the earth, causing convection and continental drift.
The high density of uranium means that it also finds uses in the keels of yachts and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as well as for radiation shielding.
Uranium has a melting point is 1132 ° C. The chemical symbol for uranium is U.

3. Uses of Nuclear.

Nuclear turned out to have many uses. Some nuclear utility that has been used by developed countries, among others:

As a Power Source which save.

More than 14% of the world's electricity is generated from uranium in nuclear reactors. This amount is more than 2500 billion kWh per year, as well as from all power sources worldwide in 1960.

It comes from some 440 nuclear reactors with a total production capacity of approximately 377 000 megawatt (MWe) operating in 30 countries. More than 60 reactors under construction and another 150 are planned.

Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Japan, South Korea, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine all get 30% or more of its electricity from nuclear reactors. The United States has more than 100 operating reactors, supplying 20% of electricity. France gets three-quarters of its electricity from uranium.

Military weapons.

Both uranium and plutonium used to make bombs before they became important for making electricity and radioisotopes. Types of uranium and plutonium for bombs is different from that in a nuclear power plant. Bomb-grade highly enriched uranium (> 90% U-235, instead of up to 5%), bomb-grade plutonium pure enough Pu-239 (> 90%, not 60% in reactor-grade) and is made in a special reactor.

Since the 1990s, because of disarmament, a lot of military uranium becomes available for power production. Military uranium is diluted about 25: 1 with depleted uranium (mostly U-238) from the enrichment process before being used in power plants. Military plutonium began to be used together, mixed with depleted uranium

Radio Isotopes.

In daily life we need food, water and good health. Today, radioactive isotopes play an important role in technology that provides us with all three. They are produced by bombarding small amounts of particular elements with neutrons.

In medicine, radioisotopes are widely used for diagnosis and research. Radioactive chemical tracers emit gamma radiation which provides diagnostic information about a person's anatomy and function of a particular organ. Radio radioisotope therapy is also used in the treatment of several diseases, such as cancer. More powerful gamma sources are used to sterilize syringes, bandages and other medical equipment. About one person in two in the western world is likely to experience the benefits of nuclear medicine in their lifetime, and gamma sterilization equipment is almost universal.

In the preservation of food, radioisotopes are used to inhibit the growth of root crops after harvesting, to kill parasites and pests, and to control the ripening of fruit and vegetables are stored. Food irradiation received by world and national health authorities for human consumption in an increasing number of countries. They include potatoes, onions, dried fruits and fresh, grain and grain products, poultry and fish. Some prepacked foods can also be irradiated.

In growing crops and breeding livestock, radioisotopes also play an important role. They are used to produce high yield, disease-resistant varieties and weather resistant crops, to study how fertilizers and insecticides work, and to improve the productivity and health of domestic animals.

Industrial, and mining, they are used to inspect welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear metals, and for in-stream analysis of various minerals and fuels.

There are many other uses. A radioisotope derived from the plutonium formed in nuclear reactors used in most household smoke detectors.

Radioisotopes are used to detect and analyze pollutants in the environment, and to study the movement of surface water in rivers and groundwater.
Other usability

There are also other uses for reactors. About 200 small nuclear power reactors around 150 vessels, mostly submarines, but ranging from icebreakers to aircraft carriers. It can stay at sea for long periods without having to make refueling stops. In the Russian Arctic where operating conditions are beyond the capability of conventional icebreakers, very powerful nuclear-powered vessel to operate most of the year, where previously only two months can be used every year.

Heat generated by nuclear reactors can also be used directly and not to produce electricity. In Sweden and Russia, for example, is used to heat buildings and to provide heat for various industrial processes such as water desalination. Nuclear desalination is likely to be a major growth area in the next decade.

High-temperature heat from nuclear reactors are likely to be employed in some industrial processes in the future, especially for making hydrogen.

Facts About Nuclear.

Nuclear is one of the alternative renewable energy that are heavily used. Good for the power source, smoke detectors, world health, industry, and many more. How a scientist can find a way to fission? Is also used in nuclear world war? Some facts about nuclear that you should know.

The phenomenon of radioactivity ranging discovered in 1896 by Henry Becquerel along with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie. In the process they isolate elements that turned out to be highly radioactive radium. They found that the radioactive material to produce intense waves, and then they named the waves with alpha, beta, and gamma.

1934, Enrico Fermi Italian destroy heavy atoms with neutrons sprayed on. But he did not realize that he had obtained nuclear fission.

Note belonged to Marie Curie radioactive, until recently a granddaughter makes decontamination.

On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb or A-bomb, tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico.

The atomic bomb was first used for war was 'Little Boy' which was dropped on Hiroshima during the Second World War with the explosive power of 50 square kilometers, followed by the 'Fat Man' was dropped on the city of Nagasaki with the explosive power of 100 square kilometers.

Initially, the first nuclear reactor used to produce plutonium as nuclear weapons material.

Although mankind has mastered the nuclear power recently, nuclear reactor which first appeared controlled by nature. Fifteen natural nuclear fission reactor has been found in the mine Oklo, Gabon, West Africa. First discovered in 1972 by French physicist Francis Perrin. This natural reactor known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors.

Among the three reactions contained in radioactive elements (alpha, beta and gamma), the most dangerous reaction is a reaction because it releases gamma rays gamma which is not the same as the alpha and beta radiation, but an electromagnetic radasi on the frequency and very high energy.

The nuclear reactor that once exploded: Chernobyl (1986), Three Mile Islands (1979) and Japan (2011)
Behind its usefulness, it turns out the use of nuclear as well save trouble. Besides the danger seriously enough radiation (gamma radiation) also wastes that can not be transformed into something that can be used again. Most of the waste is dumped or drowned in the sea.

Indonesia, as one of the countries that are planning to have a nuclear reactor as a new energy source Has had enough knowledge about nuclear ???
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/06/the-use-of-nuclear-materials.html
DatePublished: June 18, 2015 at 11:41