Human skin is one of the tools that exist in the human excretion . We already know the substance that is excreted by the sweat of human skin . To find out more about skin and its structure and function , as well as the mechanism of sweating bodies , we see the following description .
The skin is the largest and outermost parts of the human body . Because of its location causes the skin often interact directly with the environment , which causes the damaged and dead skin . However, almost any time the skin is also growing . The skin rejuvenation process roughly lasts for about 4 weeks .
1 . SKIN STRUCTURE .
a. Protective Outer layer ( epidermis ) .
The epidermis , or often referred to as the epidermis . The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin , which has a thin structure with a thickness of about 0.07 mm . epidermal layer is composed of several parts, the outer part is called the stratum corneum ( horny layer ) , the middle stratum granulosum called , and the inner layer called Malpighi . For the full description as follows :- Stratum corneum .
Also called the stratum corneum layer of horn substance . This was the location of the outermost layer and the skin is dead , dry , and composed of multiple layers of flattened epithelial tissue . Epidermal tissue is composed by 50 layers of dead cells , and will have peeling slowly , replaced by the underlying tissue as it contains the protein keratin . Its main functions include protecting the cells and prevents the entry of germs .- Stratum Lusidum .
Stratum lusidum , which serves to " paint " the skin and hair . The more melanin produced from these cells , then the color will become dark .Besides giving color to the skin , melanin also serves to protect the skin cells from the sun's ultraviolet rays that can harm the skin . Although actually the right amount of ultraviolet light is beneficial to change certain fats in the skin to vitamin D , but in excessive amounts is very harmful to the skin .
Sometimes a person avoid sunlight during the summer, because he wanted to avoid ultraviolet rays . This is because it turns out the ultraviolet rays can make the skin more black . Based on the research , ultraviolet light can induce the formation of melanocytes become more for the purpose of protection against skin . Meanwhile, if we see someone having olive skin , this caused the person has a carotene pigment .
- Stratum granulosum.
Stratum granulosum , which produce skin pigment , called melamine . This layer consists of living cells and is located at the bottom of the epidermis tissue . Stratum granulosum is composed of living cells produced by Malpighi layer .- Stratum germ .
Stratum germ , often described as a living cell because this layer is the active layer splitting . The cells divide outwards to form the outer skin cells . The new cells formed will encourage existing cells in the cell next it will also be driven from below by newer cells again . At the same time the cells of the outermost layer of peel and fall .b . Protective layers deep ( dermis ) .
Under the epidermal layer of the skin there is a protective layer in , called the dermis layer . The dermis is also called the cuticle or korium . The dermis contains fibrous connective tissue .Dermis tissue has a more complicated structure than the epidermis , which consists of many layers . This tissue is thicker than the epidermis is about 2.5 mm . The dermis is formed by special fibers that make it flexible , consisting of collagen , which is a type of protein that makes up about 30 % of body protein . Collagen will gradually decrease with age . That is why an old man rough skin texture and wrinkles .
Various sections in the dermis include blood vessels, hair , nerve endings , sweat glands ( glands sudorifora ) , oil glands ( sebaceous glands ) , skin and fat tissue . For more details, let us see the description below .
- Blood Vessels .
Most of the blood capillaries located in the dermis . The blood vessels that carry blood part containing food and oxygen to the dermis and epidermis . The blood vessels also plays a role in supplying the sweat glands and hair roots. In addition, blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of body temperature .- Hair .
Although located in the dermis layer of the hair , but the production process is at the epidermal layer . Layer of the epidermis into the dermis layer to form a hollow pipe called a hair follicle . Hair grows adjacent to the hair follicle . At the bottom of the bag there is a set of network that contains blood capillaries and nerves , called hair follicles . Hair roots are protected by epidermal cells that constantly divide and new cells push upwards . These cells will soon die and harden to form the hair .On the scalp , there are parts that are attached to hair follicles . The section called hair enforcement muscle . Contraction of this muscle causes the hair to stand . If the skin around the hair of our head is less nourished , dandruff consequences will arise .
- End nerves .
Nerve endings is one part of nerve cells that transmit information from the outside environment . Inside are a variety of receptors ( receiver stimuli ) , such as touch receptors , pressure receptors , pain receptors , and temperature receptors .- Sweat Glands .
Sweat glands are coiled tubular shell has growing from the epidermis to the dermis extends . At the base of the glans surrounded by many blood capillaries and sympathetic nerve fibers . Of blood in the capillaries , sweat sweat duct passes issued and the pores on the skin surface . Sweat issued containing mostly water in the form of an inorganic salt solution ( eg sodium chloride ) and a small amount of organic material such as urea . Because sweat contains metabolic wastes , such as urea , then the skin is also called excretory organs .- Oil glands .
The oil glands are in addition to the hair follicle . These glands produce oil called sebum . Sebum hold water into the hair and epidermis . In addition to holding water , oil glands also maintain the flexibility of the epidermis and protect it from bacteria .- Skin Fat Network .
Below the dermis there is a layer composed of adipose cells ( adipose tissue ) that store fat . Fat is used as a protective coating . Therefore , adipose tissue is also known as a fat storage and network protectors .2 . FUNCTION / PURPOSE SKIN .
The skin is an excretory organ where transpiration . Part of the skin that functions for this are the sweat glands . Why hot air when we sweat a lot ? Turns out it was related to its function , namely as a regulator of body temperature . Sweat released the body can absorb heat , to maintain body heat so stable . The base of the sweat glands located adjacent to blood capillaries . Water and mineral salts in the blood capillaries will be absorbed by the sweat glands , and issued in the form of sweat.Aside from being a means of excretion , the skin also functions as follows .
a. Protect the body from heat , Germs , and friction from the outside .
Skin full fortress surrounded by enemies who are always ready to break into if there is a part of the fort is open . The enemy is germs . If these germs can enter the body and participate in the bloodstream it will harm the body . For example aerus Staphylococcus can cause a wide variety of diseases such as acne, boils up , a lung infection .b . Regulate body temperature .
The skin can be cool and warm the body . At the time of the cold air will close the skin blood vessels so that blood does not flow to the skin as a result it looks pale . This condition is intended to help keep the body heat is not easily lost so blood can be protected . In this condition , the sweat glands will be sealed to prevent the formation of sweat .As for the state of the body temperature increases, the nerve endings in the skin to open , resulting in more blood flow to the skin with the aim to be cooled by the surrounding air . That is why someone looked flushed when overheated .
c . Spending regulate water .
Skin can control water loss from the body , as if the body loses excessive water will harm the body . Sometimes found someone experiencing fainting after attending the flag ceremony in the blazing hot sun . This is because excessive sweating resulting in a condition called " salt hungry " .3 . FACTORS AFFECTING THE NUMBER OF SWEAT .
We have seen that substance is excreted in sweat. The amount of sweat released was influenced various circumstances , such as the activity of the body , the temperature of the environment , food , health , and emotional state . In it also contains certain substances, such as water, salt (NaCl), urea, acid and metabolic waste .4 . SWEAT MECHANISM OF EXPENDITURE .
Every day adult human sweat is approximately 225 ml . All the sweat produced from about 2 million sweat glands scattered throughout the dermis layer .The process of transpiration is influenced by the hypothalamus . The hypothalamus is the central nervous system regulating body temperature that produces the enzyme bradykinin . Enzymes work bradykinin affect the sweat glands to secrete sweat . Besides influenced hypothalamus , sweat glands work is also influenced by changes in environmental temperature and blood vessels .
High temperature veins ( due to high ambient temperature ) will provide a stimulus to the hypothalamus . By stimulation of the hypothalamus immediately affect the sweat glands to absorb water , salt , urea , and various metabolic waste substances from the blood capillaries . Various substances are excreted through sweat ducts and pores of the sweat glands to the skin 's surface in the form of sweat . Sweat evaporates immediately and the body temperature back down to normal .
If the sweat that comes out too excessive , salt levels in the blood can be reduced . As a result , the muscle may have spasms or may be too faint . Moreover, because the blood vessels in the dermis layer expands , the skin can become red . This situation can happen when we do strenuous physical activity . However , we can reverse skin paled when narrowed blood vessels in the dermis , such as when we are scared .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 26, 2014 at 14:52
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Tag : The skin functions.
