What is the function of the kidneys .
Both kidneys are vital organs that perform many functions to keep the blood clean and chemically balanced . An understanding of how the kidneys work can help to keep us healthy .Our kidneys are organs oval , each with a similar sized fist . The organs located near the middle of the back , just beneath the rib cage frame . The kidneys are sophisticated recycling machine . Each day , our kidneys decipher about 200 quarts of blood to sift around two liters of waste materials and excessive water . Excessive waste materials and water become urine , which flows to the bladder through a tube called the ureter . Our bladder stores urine until you urinate .
Waste materials in our blood comes from the decomposition of normal and active network of food we consume . Your body uses food for energy and self-repair . After the body has taken what it needs from the food , waste materials are sent to the blood . When kidneys do not eliminate , these waste materials will accumulate in the blood and damage the body .
The screening process occurs in a very small element in our kidneys called nephrons . Each kidney contains about a million nephrons . In the nephron , a glomerulus - which is a very small blood vessel , or capillary - intertwine with urine collection vessels are very small , which is called a tubule . Replacement occurring chemical complex , with waste materials and water out of the blood and into the urine system .
At the beginning , the tubules receive a combination of waste materials and chemicals that are still useful for our body . Kidneys we distribute chemicals substances for example sodium , phosphorus and potassium , and the material returns to the body . In this way , your kidneys regulate the levels of chemicals in our bodies . The right balance needed for life , and in excess can be bad .
In addition to eliminating waste materials , kidneys we issued three important hormones :
• erythropoietin , or EPO , which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells• renin , which regulates blood pressure
• calcitriol , the active form of vitamin D , which helps keep calcium for bones and for normal chemical balance in the body.
Why kidneys fail ?
Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons , causing the loss of ability to filter . Damage to the nephrons can happen quickly , often as a result of wounding or poisoning. But most kidney diseases destroy the nephrons slowly and silently. Damage only looks after a few years or even decades . Most kidney diseases attack both kidneys simultaneously .Two causes of kidney disease is the most prevalent diabetes and high blood pressure . If there is a family we have a history of kidney problems , we may be at risk of kidney disease .
Diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetes is a disease that inhibits the use of glucose ( sugar ) by the body . When arrested in the blood and is not described , glucose can act like a poison . Damage to the nephrons as a result of glucose in the blood is not used is called diabetic nephropathy . If we can hold in the blood glucose levels remain low , we can delay or prevent diabetic nephropathy .High blood pressure.
High blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys . Damaged vessels can not filter waste materials from the blood as it should .Doctors may prescribe blood pressure medication . High blood pressure drugs called angiotensin changing enzyme inhibitors ( angiotensin - converting enzyme / ACE inhibitors ) and angiotensin receptor barrier ( angiotensin receptor blocker / ARB ) were found to be effective in protecting the kidneys than other drugs that reduce blood pressure to the same extent . National Institutes of Health in the U.S. suggest people with diabetes or poor renal function in order to keep blood pressure below 130/80 .
Glomerular Disease.
Several types of kidney disease is classified in this category , including autoimmune diseases , infectious -related diseases , and sclerotic diseases . As the name implies , glomerular diseases attack the tiny blood vessels ( glomeruli ) in the kidney . Primary glomerular diseases are most prevalent include membrane nephropathy ( membranous nephropathy ) , IgA nephropathy , focal segmental and glomerularsklerosis ( focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ) . Protein , blood , or both in the epidermis of art are often the first sign of the disease . Glomerular diseases can slowly destroy the kidney function . Regulation of blood pressure is important for all kidney disease . Treatments for glomerular diseases may include immunosuppressive drugs or steroids to reduce inflammation and proteinuria ( protein in urine ) , depending on the disease .Congenital kidney disease.
Some kidney diseases originating from congenital factors , for example , polikistis renal disease ( polycystic kidney disease / PKD ) is a genetic disorder with many cysts grow in the kidneys . PKD cysts can gradually replace many of renal mass , reducing kidney function and lead to kidney failure .Some kidney problems may appear when the baby is still developing in the womb. Examples include autosomal recessive PKD , a rare form of PKD , and other developmental problems that interfere with normal nephron formation . Signs of kidney disease in children vary . A child may grow very slowly , may vomit often , or may experience pain in your back or waist . Some kidney diseases can be " silent " for several months or even years .
If your child has kidney disease , pediatricians should find time periodic checks . The first sign of possible kidney problems high blood pressure , red blood cell count is low ( anemia ) , or blood or protein in the urine . When doctors found a single one of these problems , further tests may be required , including a blood or urine test additional , or X-rays . In some cases , the doctor may need to perform a biopsy - taking a small piece of the kidney for examination under a microscope .
Some congenital kidney disease may be detected as an adult . PKD is the most common type used to be called "adult PKD " because the symptoms of high blood pressure and kidney failure only comes after patients in their 20s or 30s . But with the development of diagnostic technology , physicians can now find cysts in children and adolescents before the onset of symptoms .
Other causes of kidney disease.
Poisoning and trauma , such as a heavy blow directly on the kidneys , can lead to kidney disease .Some drugs , including prescription medications , can be toxic to the kidneys if used frequently over a long period of time . Products that combine aspirin , acetaminophen , and other drugs such as ibuprofen found to be most harmful to the kidneys . When we often use pain medication bid , we should discuss with your doctor to ensure that no risk to your kidneys .
How renal failure occur ?
Many factors influence the speed of kidney failure are not yet fully understood . Researchers are still studying how protein in the diet and cholesterol levels in the blood affect kidney function .Acute renal failure.
Some kidney problems happen quickly , for example, an accident that injures the kidneys . Blood loss can cause kidney failure suddenly . Some drugs and toxins can stop the work of the kidneys . Decreased renal function suddenly is called acute renal failure (acute renal failure / ARF ) .ARF may lead to permanent loss of kidney function . But when the kidneys are severely damaged , kidney failure may be recovered .
Chronic kidney disease.
However , most kidney problems happen slowly . We can develop kidney disease are " silent " for years . Gradual loss of kidney function is called chronic kidney disease (chronic kidney disease / CKD ) . People with CKD can continue into permanent kidney failure . They are also at high risk of death due to stroke or heart attack .End-stage renal disease.
Renal failure wholly or almost wholly permanently called end-stage renal disease ( end - stage renal disease / ESRD ) . People with ESRD must undergo dialysis or a transplant to survive . Thank you for reading this article.Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: February 26, 2014 at 16.20
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