Gamma rays definition.
Gamma rays highest energy form of electromagnetic spectrum. They are often defined Startlingly of energy 10 keV / 2.42 EHZ / 124 pm, although the electromagnetic radiation of about 10 keV to several hundred keV could also point to hard X-rays. It is important to remember that there is no physical difference between gamma rays and X-rays of the same energy - they are two names for the same electromagnetic radiation, like sunlight and moonlight are two names for visible light. However, gamma distinguished with X-rays by their origin. Gamma rays is the term for high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by energy transition due to the acceleration of electrons. Because some of the transitions of electrons allowed to have a higher energy than some of the nuclear transition, there is suppression between what we call low energy gamma rays and high energy X-rays.
Gamma rays are a form of ionizing radiation; they are more penetrating than alpha or beta radiation (both are not electromagnetic radiation), but less ionize.
Protection for γ rays requires a lot of mass. Materials used for the shield to be taken into account that the gamma rays are absorbed more by materials with high atomic number and high density. Also, the high-energy gamma rays, the thicker the shielding required. Materials to withstand gamma rays is usually illustrated by the thickness required to reduce the intensity of gamma ray half. For example, gamma rays that require 1 cm (0.4 inches) "leads" to reduce its intensity by 50% will reduce by half the intensity with concrete 6 cm (2.4 inches) or debut paketan 9 cm (3.6 inches).
Gamma rays from nuclear fallout is likely to cause the largest number of deaths in the use of nuclear weapons in a nuclear war. An effective fallout shelter reduces human involvement 1000 times.
Gamma rays are less ionizing the alpha or beta rays. However, reducing the danger to humans in need of protection are thicker. They produce damage similar to that caused by X-rays, such as burns, cancer and genetic mutations.
In the case of ionization, gamma radiation interacts with matter via three main processes: the photoelectric effect, Compton deployment, and production partner.
RadioActivity - Gamma Ray.
Gamma rays so special compared with the light / Other radioactive particles because she did not have the mass and charge. Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths and energy than most other electromagnetic wave spectrum, (approximately 10 000 times greater than the wave energy in the visible spectrum). In addition, gamma rays have the lowest ionization power, but the range of the most penetrating than beta and alpha rays,Gamma rays arise from nuclei are unstable because the atom has an energy that does not comply with the conditions of essentially (groundstate). Gamma energy that appears between the radioisotope with another radioisotope is different - different because each radionuclide has specific emissions. Gamma rays can also be found in the universe, in which gamma rays walking across an extremely wide distances in the universe, which then in turn absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. Keep in mind, different wavelengths on the electromagnetic waves will penetrate the atmosphere at different depths.
Because the break is so high power, gamma rays can penetrate many types of materials, including human tissue. The material has a high density such as lead are often used as shielding to slow or stop the gamma photons radiating.
Gamma rays originally invented by a French physicist named Henri. At that time, in 1896, Henri discovered uranium minerals that turned out to blacken a photographic plate even though covered by a thick layer of opaque paper.
Before that, Rontgen had discovered X-rays and Becquerel saw that the light emitted by the uranium similar to X-rays, so he called the light "metallic phosphorescence."
To determine the depth of the gamma rays would need to know the kinds of interactions that occur gamma rays to the material,
1. Photoelectric effect
2. Compton effect
3. Production partner
Penetrating power of gamma photons have many applications in human life, because when the gamma rays penetrate some materials, gamma rays will not make it radioactive. So far there are three gamma emitting radionuclides most commonly used namely cobalt-60, cesium-137 and technetium-99m.
Cesium helpful -137 used in cancer treatments, measure and control the flow of fluid in several industrial processes, investigating subterranean strata in oil wells, and ensure proper charging levels to package food, drugs - drugs and other products.
Cobalt-60 is useful for: sterilization of medical equipment in hospitals, pasteurize some foods and spices, as a cancer therapy, measuring the thickness of the metal in stell mills.
While Tc-99m is a radioactive isotope that is most widely used for the study was diagnosed as a radiopharmaceutical. (Technetium-99m has a half shorter). Radiopharmaceuticals are used to diagnose brain, bone, liver, and is also able to produce images that can be used to diagnose the patient's bloodstream
Most humans are exposed to gamma naturally occurring in some specific radionuclides such as potassium-40 that can be found in soil and water, and also meat and foods that have high levels of potassium such as bananas. Radium is also a source of gamma radiation exposure. Still, however, the increased use of the nuclear medicine instrumentation (such as for the diagnosis of bone, thyroid, and lung scans) also contributed to the increase in the proportion of exposure to a lot of people.
Most exposures that occur in gamma rays are types of external exposure. Gamma rays (and also X-rays) as known before- easy to traverse great distances in the air and can penetrate body tissue up to several centimeters. Most of the gamma rays have sufficient energy to penetrate the human body, and expose all organs in the body.
So in the case of gamma rays, both external and internal exposure of major concern in radiation protection and safety. This is because the gamma rays capable of passing at a greater distance than alpha and beta particles and have enough energy to traverse the whole body, so the potential to expose all the organs of the body.
A large number of gamma radiation on a large scale capable of passing through the body without interacting with the network. This is because at the atomic level, the body composed mostly of empty space, while gamma rays have a smaller size of these spaces. In contrast to alpha and beta particles which when inside the body will release all the energy they have to plow the network and cause damage to the network.
Gamma rays can ionize tissue directly or causing the so-called "secondary ionizations." Ie ionization caused when the energy of the gamma rays are transferred to the atomic particles such as electrons (beta particles identical to) the then-energy particles will interact with the network to form ions , this is called secondary ionizations.
Application Of Gamma Ray.
Radiation technology using gamma rays or electron beam is a process most clean and reliable are the most widely used today to modify the polymer material. Applications for the synthesis of gamma rays biomaterial is one area that is growing very rapidly in recent decades. Some biomaterials which can be synthesized from the polymer with radiation techniques include hydrogel wound dressings, contact lenses, matrices for controlled drug release, artificial heart valves, and so forth.Since a decade ago Group Material Health, Division of Radiation Process, Application Center Isotopes and Radiation Technology National Nuclear Energy Agency has been conducting research and development for a biomaterial products using gamma radiation techniques. One of the products developed are sterile hydrogel wound dressings radiation. Hydrogel wound dressing is made by irradiating a mixture of hydrophilic polymer based formula polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using gamma rays at a dose between 25 to 35 kGy. PVP gamma ray irradiation to produce a hydrogel which is composed of a three-dimensional network structure, causing it to have different properties from the parent polymer. With the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel has unique properties, namely: Having the ability to absorb large amounts of water; can not be penetrated by microbes from the outside; is elastic but strong enough so it is not easily torn; permeable to air, water vapor and gas molecules with low molecular weight low; has a very small pore size so as to prevent excessive loss of body fluids; not toxic, allergic; can adhere well to the skin and can adjust to the contours of the wound. Besides hydrogels produced simultaneously are sterile.
Radioactive rays Penetrating power.
Radioactive rays can be divided into three types namely alpha rays, beta rays and gamma rays. Where three kinds of rays that have their own penetrating power itself. According to the intensity level of power breakdown radioactive rays are sorted from alpha rays as the rays that break the weakest power and then followed by beta break power stronger than the strongest is the alpha and gamma. The third way to counteract it is radioactive rays (alpha rays resisted by a sheet of paper, beta rays and maintained by aluminum sheets for gamma rays can be resisted with lead) and therefore that's the reason why the nuclear workers always wear anti-radiation heavy and made of lead where it was meant to anticipate attacks gamma radiation.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: July 5, 2015 at 15:39
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