History of Solar Power Generation is inseparable from the invention of silicon-based solar cell technology in 1941. When the Russell Ohl of Bell Laboratory observed polycrystalline silicon will form a buit-in junction, because of the effect of impurity segregation found in silicon melt. If the photon beam on one side of the junction, it will form a potential difference between the junction, in which electrons can flow freely. Since then research to improve the energy conversion efficiency of photons into electrical energy intensified. Various types of solar cells with various material and geometric configuration was successfully created.
Working Principle of Solar Cells.
The solar cell is a semiconductor diode that can convert light into electricity and is a major component in the Solar Power system.
In addition to the modules consist of solar cells, other components in the system is the Solar Power Balance of System (BOS) such as inverter and controller. Solar Power is often equipped with batteries as power storage , so that Solar Power can still supply power when there is no sunlight .
Electric energy generation in solar cells based on the photoelectric effect occurs, also called photovoltaic effect, ie the effect caused by photons with specific wavelengths that if energy greater than the semiconductor energy threshold, it will be absorbed by the electrons so that the electrons move from the valence band
(N) to the conduction band (P) and left holes in the valence band, the next two payloads, namely an electron-hole pair, raised. Electron-hole flow that occurs when the load is connected to electricity through a conductor will generate an electrical current.
Types of Solar Cells.
Judging from the material concept of the crystal structure, there are three main types of solar cells, the solar cells based monokristalin, poly (multi) crystalline and amorphous. These types have been developed with a wide variety of materials, for example silicon, CIGS, and CdTe.Based on the chronological development, solar cell solar cells differentiated into the first, second, and third. The first generation is characterized by the use of a silicon wafer solar cell as the basic structure; utilizes second generation material deposition technology to produce thin layers (thin film) which can act as solar cells, and the third generation is characterized by the use of bandgap engineering technology to produce high-efficiency solar cells with stackes tandem or multiple concepts.
Most solar cells are produced first-generation solar cell, which is about 90% (2008). In the future, the second generation will be more and more popular, and will eventually get a bigger market share. European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) estimates thin film market share will reach 20% in 2010. The third-generation solar cells are still in the stage of research and development, has not been able to compete on a commercial scale.
Assessment of Solar Cells Manufacturing Investment in Indonesia.
Economics of solar cell manufacturing in Indonesia is done by taking into account the availability of the supply of silicon wafers as the main raw material, the optimum production capacity, market potential, cost factors, and the impact and benefits that can be generated from solar cell plant construction projects.Examples of incentive schemes to build the domestic market:
1. Subsidies.
Subsidies can be given directly to the manufacturers of solar cells or supporting device makers Balance of System (BOS) that the price of solar cells along with the BOS can afford.The implementation of the subsidy would be more effective if in Indonesia there are solar cell industry, both the manufacture, assembly, and industrial BOS.
For rural electrification, the government can provide subsidies for regions or villages that receive aid solar cells with only burden the rural communities with electricity tariffs are far below normal (not free)
2. Feed-in tariff.
Feed - in tariff is the price paid by the state electricity company when purchasing electricity from power generation of renewable energy at a price set by the local government . Feed - in tariff is another incentive that aims to increase the use of electricity from renewable energy sources , one of which solar cells .The existence of public infrastructure that allows users to sell solar cells to power companies such as Electricity Company . The house with the concept of BIPV is given a connection to the local electricity network , not to take electricity from the state electricity company but to drain ( or " sell " ) electricity to the National Electricity Company .
3. Giving credit.
Credit program of solar cells is accompanied by a feed - in tariff program , so the loan repayment time aided by the absence of income from the sale of electricity from the power company to the house .Cost analysis method
Method to assess the financial feasibility of solar cell plant is done by using the "discounted cash flow" conventionally, ie by determining the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Payback Period.
Assumptions and calculations basic conditions.
Assumptions and basic conditions regarding the calculation of the capacity factor of production, the cost of the initial investment, the need for supporting materials, electrical power requirements, labor requirements, needs engine repair and maintenance, the cost of production (GPP), and sales projections.
The results of calculation and cost analysis.
From the calculation of the cost to build the plant is known that polycrystalline silicon solar cells with a capacity of 25 MWp / year requires an investment of Rp.670 billion.Calculation of Project Profitability (in dollars)
The results of the cost analysis with the assumption that all applicable demonstrated: IRR = 17.18%, NPV = 63,037,225,027, Payback Period = 7 years. It can be concluded that the solar cell plant investment is financially feasible considering that the various assumptions and conditions as this study was not prepared to change.
With solar cell production capacity of 25 MWp / year, the solar cell industry will be able to meet the needs of the domestic market (assuming the market share is 50%). For the production capacity needed supply of raw materials (polycrystalline silicon wafer) a minimum of 12,016,342 pieces / year.
Sun For Solar Power Plant in Indonesia.
Utilization of solar energy as an alternative energy source to solve the energy crisis, especially petroleum, which occurred since the 1970s gets considerable attention from many countries in the world. In addition to an unlimited amount, utilization also does not cause pollution that can damage the environment. Light or sunlight can be converted into electricity using solar cells or photovoltaic technologies.The main components of solar power generation systems using photovoltaic technology is the solar cell. Currently there are a lot of solar cell manufacturing technology. Conventional solar cells are already commercially today use crystalline silicon wafer technology production process is quite complex and expensive. In general, the conventional solar cell manufacturing process begins with the purification of silica to produce solar grade silica (ingot), followed by the cutting of silica into silica wafers. Furthermore, silica wafers are processed into solar cells, and solar cells arranged to form a solar module. The last step is to integrate the solar modules with the BOS (Balance of System) into a system of power plant. BOS is supporting components used in the power plant systems such as inverters, batteries, control systems, and others.
Currently the development of Solar Power Generation in Indonesia has had a strong enough base of the aspects of the policy. However, the implementation phase, the potential is there has not been optimally utilized. In technology, industrial photovoltaic (PV) in Indonesia only able to perform on stage downstream, which manufactures solar modules and integrate it into a Solar Power Plant, while the solar cells are still imported. Though solar cells are a major component and the most expensive in the Power system. Prices are still high become an important issue in the development of the solar cell industry. Various solar cell manufacturing technology continues researched and developed in the framework of efforts to reduce the production cost of solar cells in order to compete with other energy sources.
Given Indonesia's electrification ratio reached 55-60% and almost the entire area is not electrified rural areas far from power plants, the Solar Power Plant to be built in almost any location is very appropriate alternatives to be developed. In the period 2005-2025, the government has planned to provide 1 million Solar Home System with a capacity of 50 Wp for low-income and hybrid 346.5 MWp solar power to remote areas. Until 2025 the government plan would be about 0.87 GW of Solar Power capacity installed.
Assuming a market share of up to 50%, the solar energy market in Indonesia is large enough to absorb the output of a solar cell factory with a capacity of up to 25 MWp per year. It is certainly a great opportunity for the local industry to develop its business to solar cell manufacturing.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/03/did-you-know-solar-power-generation.html
DatePublished : March 31, 2014 at 13.51
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Tag : Did you know Solar Power Generation.
