Characteristics vulture is bald head, no fur except fuzz. Research suggests that it plays an important role in thermoregulation.
Hering is divided into two groups: Old World vultures and New World vultures. The equation of the two is they are divided as a result of convergent evolution.
Birds Vultures seldom attack healthy prey, but is likely to injure, even kill, prey are sick or injured. If the prey is too large to be eaten alone, generally they wait largest herring to finish eating first. Not rare battle involving large amounts of herring. They will stop eating until they feel full cache. They do not bring food to the young herring with their claws, but with their cache to spit back. Gastric vulture is very acidic and corrosive so that the bacteria contained in food carcass (Botulinum, cholera, anthrax, and so on) will not survive the stomach so that it is safe for their digestion.
If vultures in danger, the whole ecosystem in trouble.
Experts from around the world met in Tel Aviv to discuss how to restore vulture populations worldwide.In a packed auditorium at the University of Tel Aviv, hundreds of viewers watching a videotape group of Vulture is being scavenge a carcass rotting in the desert.
"The birds do not feel the smell because they do not have a sense of smell," says Ohad Hatzofe, an ecologist bird of Nature and Parks Authority (NPA), to the audience.
Film taken by Sasi Hacham, is part of an international conference held on Thursday about the alarming condition of vultures in Israel and around the world, and the potential solutions that may help improve the ecological problems threatening. This conference is the culmination of a week-long workshop led by the Society for the Protection of Nature (SPNI), Israel Nature and Parks Authority (INPA) and the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC), which presents the twelve experts from around the world to discuss what The world has become a concern.
"At the turn of the 21st century, Israel has a total of about 500 birds Vulture where 120 among infertile couples, while today there are only about 250 tigers Vulture and including 40 infertile couples." Modi Oron who served as CEO NPA explained.
"When the buzzard felt unwell we realize that the whole ecosystem is in trouble," said Modi Oron
"Vultures that scavenge the carcasses and cleaning up animal carcasses, including the kind of" flagship species "called about 30 times in the Bible and still is a sign for all countries in the world today just as in the past," according to Modi Oron.
Unfortunately, both he and a dozen more speakers on the day complaining, Vulture population in Israel and around the world continue to decline due to predation predators such as poisoning and man-made electrical cables shock. But thanks to the cooperation of the IEC and the Civil Aviation Authority in a multi-organization expanded its mission to protect the birds, flight accident and stung electrical wiring in Israel has declined drastically, experts agree.
"But this time we are still facing a very big problem poisoning," Modi said Oron.
"When pests like wolves, crows and similar birds crows invade agricultural fields, farmers tend to use poison to wipe them out. Then the vultures poisoned by eating the carcasses of dead due to poison." said Dr. Yehoshua Shkedi, the head of the NPA.
"But if an area kept clean, pest will not appear on the site." said Dr. Yehoshua Shkedi, pointing to a photograph of an open field that is filled with a bag full of rotten garbage.
"In addition to educating the farmers, the organization has also started glancing breeding in cages to reintroduce Vulture back to the wild. It also began to familiarize school children with problems endangering the vultures." according to Dan Alon, head of SPNI, Israel Ornithology Center.
"A child comes home and tells his parents: 'Lest we have poisoned the birds'" said Don Alon.
A student of the doctoral level, Or Shpigel, of the Hebrew University has conducted studies using equipment with a GPS system to track the patterns of behavior Vulture Israel and its flight path, where the bird has flown so far that they have been accused of spying in Saudi Arabia, Or Shpigel noted.
"They are very loyal to the region and their partners, but still, they venture into different areas," said Or Shpigel.
"As in Israel, the number of population also began to decline dramatically in India, Pakistan and Nepal, and the end of the 1990s only about 1 percent of the remaining animals. Most of the poisonings, animal drugs anti-pain and inflammation (diclofenac), which has been banned in India since 2006. " said Dr. Munir Virani, Director of Africa Programs at the Peregrine Fund in Kenya, as well as monitoring of vultures in South Asia.
"While some encouraging growth has occurred since the ban. But it is impossible to evaluate accurately re-growth for 10 to 15 years." said Dr. Munir Virani.
"In addition to poisoning and shock power cable that afflicts the entire Vulture, recently in Western Europe, these birds face another threat, namely the Mad Cow Disease. Where farmers are required to collect the carcass for the sake of public hygiene, and prohibited from leaving the carcass in order to be consumed by Vulture. " Alvaro said Camina Cardenal, a Spanish citizen of multinational representatives of the Vulture Conservation Foundation. "During an outbreak of Mad Cow, Bird carrion eaters have very little food, and they also have to contend with the dog." he added.
"Today, when carcasses lying in the desert as before, the birds are facing other problems caused by developments in the field of renewable energy. About 1,000 vultures and hawks collide with propeller wind turbines," said Camina Cardenal.
"On the other hemisphere, in the highlands of Lesotho South Africa, Vulture also face two threats, namely wind turbine propeller and a decrease in the number of animals for consumption Vulture." according to Andre Botha, Birds of Prey Program Manager at the Endangered Wildlife Trust.
"Vulture Cape South Africa also faces the threat of traditional medicine trade. Thousands of Vulture killed every year to get their heads and feet." Andre Botha added.
"In the whole world, since the days of Spanish exploration, the scientists were able to restore the population of California Condor increasingly berkurang.akibat suffer poisoning, especially lead poisoning due to consuming the dead carcasses shot lead bullets." Prof Vicky Meretsky of Indiana University told the audience.
"The conference has concluded with an optimistic note." Michel Terrasse, President Vulture Conservation Foundation, explains that he and his fellow experts have successfully reintroduced Vulture to the south of France and the Pyrenees, where they disappeared in the past decade.
"Starting from scratch, they now have several hundred fertile couples, and again able to act as free labor for the farmers, which cleans dirt from rotting carcasses." by Michel Terrasse.
Prof. Yossi Leshem, a zoologist at Tel Aviv University's Israel Center for the Study of Bird Migration, very impressed with the success of Michel Terrasse and other conservationists who participated in the conference, from whom he hopes Israel will learn and take advice, he said.
"You know we lost the vultures of the amount of 1,000 head before the State of Israel was formed to only 35 pairs. In France, from zero to 370 pairs now," said Prof. Yossi Leshem told The Jerusalem Post after the conference. "So the issue is to try and emulate them, learn from them and make the same thing in Israel."
"One of the most effective ways to maintain local vulture population, however, is to cooperate with the neighbors." Botha advice, Birds of Prey Program Manager South Africa, and the border regions concerned in Swaziland and Mozambique.
"Birds have a very spacious living space and effort to preserve it in the National Park will not work. You have to work together with your neighbors to do so," said Botha. And Israeli experts agree.
"Vulture is not aware of political boundaries," added Modi Oron, who acted as CEO of the NPA. "Most of the poisoning occurred as a result of the behavior of our neighbors'. If we do not pay attention to this, we will not be able to solve this problem."
Researchers said the digestive power of vultures.
Vultures eat the dead, rotten meat chew that can make sick or kill people or other animals.
According to the researchers, this furry scavengers had the most powerful gut on this planet.
Scientists say the results of the analysis on two species of vultures North America shows that the bird had the highly acidic digestive system strong and intestines filled with two types of bad bacteria.
On the black vultures and turkey vultures, one-two punch is effectively crippling gastrointestinal many potential diseases caused by microbial populations on carrion they eat.
"Gastrointestinal tract condor is a dangerous environment," said microbiologist Hestbjerg Lars Hansen of Aarhus University in Denmark, one of the researchers whose study was published in the journal Nature Communications.
"Nasar-vultures will eat any dead vertebrates - mammals, birds, snakes, fish. They prefer long-dead organisms that have not been compared to the already very rotten carcass," said Gary Graves ornithologist at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, other researchers.
"For example, one day dead deer in the road was perfect," he said as quoted by Reuters news agency.
The researchers examine the microbial community, or mikrobioma, who live in the digestive tract of 50 vultures which includes two species of the black vultures and turkey vultures.
Nasar turkey body covered in black fur with red-skinned bald head and a wingspan of nearly 1.75 meters. This type is common in North America.
While the smaller black vultures, with a wing span of about 1.45 meters, black fur and a bald head with a wrinkled gray skin dark. This type of bird found throughout the southeastern United States.
The most common gastrointestinal bacteria on vultures - Clostridia and Fusobacteria - turned out to be highly pathogenic in other animals. Clostridia, for example, can cause diseases such as botulism world becomes an enemy, gangrene (gangrene) and tetanus in humans.
The researchers also found that stomach acid is very strong eagles and kills many bacteria that goes into their bodies together rotten meat.
"Most microbes that enter with food will not survive in these harsh conditions," said another researcher, a microbiologist from the University of Copenhagen, Michael Roggenbuck. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/07/did-you-know-hering-or-bird-nazar.html
DatePublished: July 12, 2015 at 12:47
Tags : Did you know Hering or Bird Nazar.
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