Great Civilizations of the world that has not known the cause of disappearance . Throughout our history , civilization - many ancient civilizations that disappeared by death , wiped out by natural disasters or invasion . But there are some lost civilization that has led researchers really confused .
Puebloans Olmec.
One of the first Mesoamerican societies , the Olmec inhabited the tropical lowlands in the south-central Mexico . The first signs of the Olmec around 1400 BC in the city of San Lorenzo , the main Olmec settlement which was supported by two other centers , Tenochtitlan and Potrero Nuevo .
Olmec civilization is the master builder with each of the major sites containing ceremonial courts , house mounds , large conical pyramids and stone monuments including the colossal heads that make them well-known civilization .
Olmec civilization relied heavily on trade , both between different Olmec regions and with other Mesoamerican societies .
Because they are one of the earliest Mesoamerican cultures and the most advanced at the time, they are often regarded as the mother culture of other Mesoamerican cultures .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
Around 400 BC east half of the Olmec began uninhabited region - may be due to changes in the environment . They may also flee after volcanic activity in the area . Another popular theory is that they were attacked , but no one knows who the invaders that may invade the Olmec .Puebloans Nabatean.
The Nabateans were a Semitic culture that inhabited parts of Jordan , Canaan and Arabia from about the sixth century BC . They are most widely known as the builder of the city of Petra , which became the center of their city .
Petra is an impressive city carved out of the cliff side with the crown jewel being Khazneh , or treasure , building a giant Greek inspired building .
Wealth Nabatean ' be obtained by a complex network of trading centers , where they trade in ivory , silk , spices , precious metals , gems , incense , sugar perfume and medicine .
Due to the vast trade route , the Nabatean culture was strongly influenced by Hellenistic Greece, Rome, Arabia and Assyria. Unlike other people of their time, there is no slavery in Nabatean and every member of society to contribute in work tasks .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
During the fourth century , Petra was abandoned Nabataen and no one really knows why .archaeological evidence proves that their exodus was an organized one who is not in a hurry , which leads us to believe that they are not driven out of Petra by another culture .
The most likely explanation is that when the trade routes they rely on the northern route they can no longer sustain their civilization and left Petra .
Aksumite Empire .
Aksumite Empire began in the first century AD in what is now Ethiopia and is believed to be the home of the Queen of Sheba . Aksum is a major trade center with exports of ivory , agricultural resources and gold traded across the Red Sea trade network and onward to the Roman Empire and east towards India .
Therefore , Aksum was a very rich society and culture of the first African issuing its own currency , which in ancient times was a very important sign . The most recognizable monuments of Aksum are the stelae , giant carved obelisks as grave markers of kings and nobles .
Early Aksumites worship several gods but their main god is someone Astar . In 324 AD , King Ezana II converted to Christianity and from then on Aksum is a culture of earnest Christian , and even thought to house the Ark of the Covenant .
Where do they go ?
According to local legend , a Jewish Queen named Yodit beat Aksumite Empire and burned churches and literature .However , others believe that the queen Bani al - Hamwiyah south causing disappearance of Aksumite culture . Other theories include climate change , trade isolation and agricultural setbacks lead to starvation .
Mycenaeans.
Growing from the Minoan civilization , Myceanaeans born about 1600 BC in southern Greece . spread over two islands and the southern mainland , Myceaneans built and mastered many major cities such as Mycenae , Tiryns , Pylos , Athens , Thebes , Orchomenus , Iolkos and Knossos .
Many Greek myths centered around Mycenae including the legend of King Agamemnon , who led the Greek forces during the Trojan War . The Myceaneans is the dominant sea power and with their naval prowess for trade as well as for the military .
Due to the lack of natural resources , bMyceaneans many importing goods and turn them into sellable items and therefore became an expert craftsman , known throughout the Aegean for weapons and jewelry they produce .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
No one knows for sure , but one theory is that unrest between the peasant class and the ruling class led to the end Myceaneans . Another cause is expected due to the disruption of trade routes , or natural factors such as earthquakes .But the most popular theory is that they were attacked by a civilization of the north like the Dorians who settled in the region after the fall of Myceaneans or Sea People at that time migrated from the Balkans to the Middle East .
Khmer Empire.
Khmer kingdom of Chenla kingdom that grew from now Cambodia around the 9 th century AD and became one of the most powerful kingdoms in Southeast Asia . This empire is known mostly as the man who built is Angkor civilization , located in the capital of Cambodia .
Khmer culture is very strong and rich open to several belief systems including Hinduism, Buddhism Mahayana and Theravada , as the official religion of the empire . Their power also includes the powerful military as they fought many wars against the Annamese and Chams .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
The decline of the Khmer Empire can be attributed to a combination of several factors . The first is that the kingdom was ruled by a king or god devarajo , but with the introduction of Theravada Buddhism , which teaches self enlightenment , making the challenged rule .This leads to a lack of desire to work for devarajo that affect the amount of food produced .
During the reign of Jayavarman VII , an elaborate network of roads was built to facilitate the transportation of goods and troops throughout the Empire .
But some experts believe that the road backfired for them , making it easier for invaders like the Ayuthaya to get immediate access Striking Angkor .
Cucuteni Culture - Trypillian.
In Romania they are the Cucuteni , in the Ukraine they are Trypillians and in Russia they are Tripolie : late Neolithic culture that developed between 5500 BC and 2750 BC .
At their height , the community Cucuteni - Trypillian build the largest Neolithic settlements in Europe , with some housing up to 15,000 people . One of the biggest mysteries of this culture is that every 60 to 80 years they will burn the entire village and reconstruct everything .
Cucuteni - Typillian culture is matriarchal , female-headed households and also did farm work and making pottery , textiles and clothing . The male is a hunter , instrument maker and is responsible for taking care of pets .
Their religion centered around The supreme Mother Goddess who is the symbol of mother and agricultural fertility . They also worshiped the bull ( strength , fertility and the sky ) and a snake ( eternity and eternal movement )
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
One of the main theories about the end of the Cucuteni - Trypillian culture is the Kurgan hypothesis , which states that they were conquered by the warlike Kurgan culture .However , newer archaeological discovery this is due to dramatic climate change that could lead to the worst drought in European history - devastating for a culture that relies heavily on agriculture .
Clovis.
A culture of prehistoric Native Americans , Clovis culture around since 10,000 BC . Centered in the southern and central plains of North America they are , is a recognized archaeological discovery crushed stone called Clovis points .
They use them on the cutting edge for hunting large animals such as mammoths and bison and small animals such as deer and rabbits . Clovis people were the first humans in the New World and is considered as the ancestor of all the indigenous cultures of North America.
Many experts believe that they crossed the Beringia land bridge from Siberia to Alaska during the ice age and then head south to get to a warmer climate .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
There are several theories around the disappearance of the Clovis culture The first states that the decline in megafauna along with less mobility in their culture brought divisions to form new cultural groups , such as the Folsom culture .Another theory is that the mammoth and other species became extinct due to excessive hunting , leaving the Clovis without a viable food source .
Last theories range because a comet that fell to the earth around the Great Lakes region and significantly affect the Clovis culture .
Minoans.
Named after the legendary King Minos , the Minoans inhabited what is now concrete since 3000-1000 BC . In Greek mythology , Minoa was the land of Crete and his bull , mythical creature whose body is half- bull , half-human , who live in a maze and kill anyone who entered .
In reality , the Minoans were the first known civilization in Europe . Today all that remains of the Minoan civilization are their palaces and artefak2 . Minoan civilization was one of the social organization , art and commerce .
Early Minoans use language that we call Linear A , which during the period was replaced by Linear B , which is based on pictographs . There is no evidence of any military culture found in the Minoan palaces and it seems their power was purely economic power .
Although the Minoans fell , their culture inherited by Myceaneans and then forwarded by the Greek Hellenistic .
Where do they go ?
Many experts believe that the civilization of the Minoans disappeared by a volcanic eruption on the island of Thera ( now Santorini ) , but there is evidence that they survived .However , the eruption will kill all plant life thus leading to starvation , and their ship is damaged causing the economic downturn . Another thing that is also believed that they were attacked , probably by Myceaneans .
Anasazi civilization.
Anasazi or Ancestral Puebloans is the Native American culture that emerged in the four corners of the United States ( New Mexico , Arizona , Colordo , and Utah ) around 1200 BC .
Residents early Puebloans were hunters and gatherers and lived in shallow pit houses . Later they developed horticulture and began farming maize , beans and green beans .
Also found in Anasazi archaeological site is green pottery , woven baskets with intricate , reed sandals , rabbit fur robes , grinding stones and bows and arrows .
In Pueblo II and III era Anasazi carved out across the city from a nearby cliff as at Mesa Verde and Bandelier or they build it in the rock face on the surface of the brick is also called Chaco Canyon . The city is a center of culture and many people are connected to one another via hundreds of miles of highway.Where do they go ?
Around 1300 AD the Ancestral Puebloans left the cliff and began to move Many experts believe that , after the population explosion , poor farming methods , regional drought made it difficult to produce enough food .Due to the lack of food , the Anasazi moved along the Rio Grande or on the Hopi mesas , and therefore many modern Pueblo Indians believe that they are descendants of the Anasazi civilization .
Recent research has shown that climate change can not explain the decline of the Anasazi alone and suggests that social factors such as the political and violent conflict caused the end of their civilization .
Indus Valley Civilization.
Once inhabiting an area about the size of western Europe in what is now Pakistan and western India , the Indus Valley Civilization or Harappa 3300-1300 BCE develops , the area was inhabited since 7000 BC . Despite being one of the greatest ancient civilizations , not much is known about the Harappa civilization , mainly because their language can not be translated .
We know that they were built more than one hundred towns and villages including the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo - Daro , each of which is built with an organized layout , and complex plumbing system with indoor toilets .
Evidence suggests that the Harappa had a unified government and that there are no social classes . Nor is there any evidence of military activity so it is likely that they live in peace . They were expert astronomers and experienced in the field of agriculture , wheat , barley , peas , melons , sesame and cotton (becoming the first civilization to produce cotton cloth ) and kept several animals including cattle and elephants .
Why is this civilization Vanish ?
There are several theories about what happened to the Indus Valley civilization . Some people believe that they can not accept changes to their environment , such as a decrease in the size of the Ghaggar Hakra river or temperatures become cold , dry temperatures are also taking place across the Middle East .Another popular theory is that the Aryans invaded them around 1500 BC .
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: December 17, 2013 at 15:00
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