Azerbaijan is a secular state and has been a member of the Council of Europe since 2001. The majority of the population is Shia Muslim and western Turkey derivative, known as Azerbaijani, or simply Azeri. The country is officially a democracy, but with a strong regulatory authority.
History.
Early history of the area now known as Caucasian Albania Azerbaijan is a nation, a nation-language speakers Caucasus that appears in this area before a large group of people who eventually attacked the Caucasus. Historically Azerbaijan has covered a wide range of nations, including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Armenians, Arabs, Turks, Mongols and Russians.The first kingdom that appears in the Azerbaijan Republic today is Mannae in the 9th century AD, lasted until 616 BC when it became part of the Empire Media, which later became part of the Persian Empire in 549 AD Satrapi Atropatene and Caucasian Albania was established in the 4th century BC and including more or less nation-state region of Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan today.
Islam spread rapidly in Azerbaijan following the futuhat-century 7-8. After the Arab Caliphate force shrinks, some semi-independent states have been formed, the empire Shirvanshah be one of them. In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered the dominant power in Azerbaijan and laid the foundation of today's ethnic Azerbaijani. In the 13-14 century, the country was attacked Mongol-Tatar.
Azerbaijan is part of the Persian Safavid Empire during the 15-18 century. Also experienced a brief period of disunity nobility in the mid-18th to the early 19th century, and consists of an independent Khanate-Khanate. Following the Persian Wars-Russia between the Sultanate Persian Qajar, such as Ganja, Guba, Baku and Khanate-Khanate other independent, and the Russian Empire, Azerbaijan was taken Russia by the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, and the Treaty Turkmenchay in 1828, and some agreements earlier between the tsar Russia and the khan ended in the first decade of the 19th century. In 1873, oil ("black gold") is found in the city of Baku, capital of Azerbaijan later. From the beginning of the 20th century almost half the world's oil reserves distilled in Baku.
After the fall of the Russian Empire during World War I, Azerbaijan together with Armenia and Georgia became part of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic of the short-lived. When the republic was disbanded in May 1918, Azerbaijan declared independence as the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. RDA is a predominantly Muslim republic in the world's first and only lasted 2 years, from 1918 to 1920, before the Red Army attacked Azerbaijan. On March 1922, Azerbaijan, along with Armenia and Georgia, became part of the Transcaucasian RSFS in the newly formed Soviet Union. In 1936, RSFST disbanded and became a republic of Azerbaijan as part RSUS RSS Azerbaijan.
During World War II, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The main aim of Operation Edelweiss Adolf Hitler's attack was to annex the oil-rich capital of Azerbaijan, Baku. For reasons of war, Soviet oil workers are obliged to work endlessly and citizens digging trenches and antitank obstacles to dispel the possibility of enemy attack. However, the Edelweiss Operation failed. German troops first failed in the Caucasus mountains, they were defeated in the Battle of Stalingrad.
In 1990, Azeri people gathered to protest against the Soviet power and demanded independence. The demonstration was brutally suppressed by Soviet intervention in what is now called the Azeri as the Black January. But in 1991, Azerbaijan declared their independence after the fall of the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, the early years of independence distracted by a war against Armenia and Armenian separatists over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Although there was a ceasefire in place since 1994, Azerbaijan has not solved the conflict with Armenia over the territory of the dominance of the Armenians. Since the end of the war, Azerbaijan lost control 14-16% of its territory, including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. As a result of the conflict, both countries face the problem of refugees and displaced persons as economic difficulties.
However, the former Soviet Azeri leader Heydər Əliyev change this pattern in Azerbaijan and began to exploit the rich oil reserves in Baku, something that makes Azerbaijan famous. Heyder Eliyev also cleans gambling and could reduce the level of unemployment in the country. He is also seeking closer ties with Turkey while simultaneously making efforts to solve Karabakh conflict with Armenia peacefully. However, the political situation in Azerbaijan remains tense, especially after Heydar Aliyev, at his death, chose his son Ilham holds the presidency. Azeri opposition forces are not satisfied with the turn of this dynasty and demanding democratic government.
Name.
Now, in a matter of history, marking the terms Azerbaijan has varied from tagging historical geography and this has led some political discussion. There are several hypotheses relating to the origin of the name "Azerbaijan." The most common theory is that it is named after the eponymous Azerbaijan Atropates, satrap (governor) Media Iranian nation, which controls an area that is found in modern Iranian Azarbaijan called Atropatene. Atropates name believed to be derived from Old Persian roots meaning "protected by fire."There is also another opinion that says that this term is thin Turkifikasi of Azarbaijan, the original version of the name Persian Âzarâbâdagân Arabized, tersusu on âbadag + AN + Azar (Azar = fire; âbâdag = area processed; AN = plural suffix); that traditionally the word means "land of eternal fire" or "land of fire", which may imply the Zoroastrian fire temples in the country. Some Azeri historians argue that the name is composed of four elements Azerbaijani: az + er + bay + can, which means "land of the Az brave" or "an elevated place for the rich and noble." Poetically Azerbaijan also called Odlar Yurdu ("State Fire (Eternal)").
Sumqayit city.
Sumgayit (Azerbaijani: Sumqayıt; Russian: Сумгаит; also, Sumgait and Sumqayyt) is one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, approximately 31 kilometers from the capital, Baku. The city population of 308 700 inhabitants (2009 Census), making it the third largest city in Azerbaijan after the capital city of Baku and Ganja. This city has an area of 83 km². The city was founded on November 22, 1949. The two settlements are within the city administration: Jorat and Haji Zeynalabdin, named after the settlement of the oil businessman and philanthropist Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev. The city is also the location of Sumqayit State University.
Environment.
As a result of Soviet planning era industrial boom, the city became heavily polluted. Soon after the independence of Azerbaijan, the industrial sector suffered a setback. Absheron peninsula (which consists of Sumqayit, Baku and Abseron rayon) is considered by scientists to be a part of the ecologically most devastated Azerbaijan. The city is known for the graves of his children, known as "Baby Cemetery" which contains the tombs of many babies born with defects and mental retardation are further complicated by the lack of adequate medical care for the poor. Sumgayit became the most polluted places on Earth by the US environmental agency Blacksmith Institute in 2006 and the city is listed in the Most Polluted Places in the World by Time magazine in 2007. The report notes the former Soviet industrial base polluting the local environment by industrial chemicals such as chlorine and heavy metal. The report also mentions the cancer in Sumgayit is 51%, higher than the national average and that genetic mutations and birth defects was normal. The city government prepared a plan of environmental protection for 2003-2010 which has continued to reduce pollution to a minimum level. This program oversees 118 targeted activities to reduce pollution at all possible levels of economic production. The program was created with the participation of all industrial enterprises in the city and its enforcement is being set by the executive power of the city. For example, the amount of waste water from industrial production fell from 600 thousand m3 in 1990 to 76.3 thousand m3 in 2005. Solid waste dropped from 300 thousand to 3,868 tons per year. The World Bank has issued a loan to the government of Azerbaijan for the construction of various burial of waste mercury.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/12/azerbaijan.html
Published Date: December 16, 2015 at 08:21
Tag : Azerbaijan.
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