Coughing occurs because certain stimuli, such as dust in the cough receptors (nasal, respiratory tract, even the ears). Then the receptor will flow through the nerves to the cough center in the brain. Here will give a signal to the muscles of the body to remove foreign objects before, until there was a cough.
Acute and Chronic.
Cough can be divided into two types: acute and chronic cough cough, both are grouped according to time.Acute cough is a cough that lasts less than 14 days, and in one episode. If the cough is more than 14 days or occurred in three episodes for 3 months in a row, called a chronic cough or recurrent chronic cough.
Recurrent chronic cough that often affects children is due to asthma, tuberculosis (TB), and pertussis (whooping cough / cough of 100 days). Pertussis is a chronic cough caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis can be prevented by immunization DPT.FM JB
The cause of the cough.
There are several kinds of causes of cough :
Generally caused by an infection in the upper respiratory tract is a symptom of the flu.Upper respiratory tract infection (ISPA).
Allergy
Asthma or tuberculosis
Foreign objects that enter into the airways
Choking from drinking milk
Inhaling smoke from people around
Emotional and psychological problems (for cough psychogenic).
Whooping cough.
Whooping cough illness, or a hundred-day cough or pertussis (English: Whooping Cough), is a contagious disease. The world occur about 30 to 50 million cases per year, and the cause of death in 300,000 cases (data from WHO). This disease usually occurs in children younger than 1 year, and 90 percent of these cases occur in developing countries. The disease is usually caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, but not infrequently caused by B. parapertussis.Pertussis is a disease mediated toxin, the toxin produced by the bacteria (vibrating feathers attached to the upper respiratory tract) will paralyze the vibrating bristles that disruption of flow of respiratory tract secretions, and can potentially cause pneumonia.
Incubation period.
The time from exposure to signs of disease appear 3 to 12 days.Symptoms.
Usually begins with mild ARI symptoms such as coughing, sneezing and nasal fluid out continuously (at catarrhal stage) and then after 1 week to 2 weeks followed by a cough who constantly but followed a period in which there was a pause cough (paroxysmal stage). This cough may be followed with vomiting, this is due to the nausea that affects, and in young children where the physiological reflexes that have not been completely formed it will cause vomiting, it is not infrequently lead to malnutrition. This cough can trigger by yawn, laugh or cry, and will be reduced after 1 to 2 months. Complications that may follow this situation is pneumonia, encephalitis, pulmonary hypertension, and bacterial infections that follow.Transmission.
Pertussis is spread through droplets coughed from patients who have the disease and then inhaled by healthy people who do not have immunity, antibiotics can be given to reduce the occurrence of bacterial infections that follow and reduces the likelihood memberatnya this disease (until the stadium catarrhal) after stage catarrhal antibiotics remain given to reduce the spread of the disease, antibiotics are also given to people who contact with patients, are expected by the administration as this would reduce the occurrence of these infections in healthy people.Treatment.
If the disease is severe, patients are usually hospitalized. They were placed in a room that is quiet and not too bright. Commotion could stimulate coughing attacks. Can be suctioned out of the throat. In severe cases, oxygen is administered directly to the lungs through a tube inserted into the trachea. To replace fluids lost through vomiting and because babies typically can not eat due to cough, then given fluids intravenously. Good nutrition is important, and should be given food in small portions but frequently. To eradicate the bacteria, usually given antibiotics eritromycin.
Traditional Medicine.
1. Leaf clover 1/3 handheld washed and boiled with water 3 cups.Let the water a 3/4 of his. When cold, boiled water is filtered and drunk
with sugar water 2 times a day as needed glasses.
2. Hibiscus leaves young 6 sheets, 10 sheets of juniper leaves, ripe noni fruit
1 fruit, 1/2 upas bidara finger. -material Material is finely ground and then
given a 3/4 cup of cooking water and 1 tablespoon of honey. The last
ingredient is squeezed and filtered. Drink 2 times a day 2 tablespoons.
Prognosis.
Most patients experienced total recovery, although it is slow. Approximately 1-2% of children aged under one year died. Death occurs due to oxygen deprivation to the brain (encephalopathy anoxia) and bronchopneumonia.Prevention.
Immunization at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months and 4-6 years. It is expected the possibility of involvement of the pertussis will be lower by given her immunizations, and symptoms of the disease would not be as heavy as if without it provides immunization.Bronchitis.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchus (bronchus) (airway to the lungs).The disease is usually mild and will eventually recover completely. But in patients who have a chronic disease (such as heart disease or lung disease) and in the elderly, bronchitis can be serious.
Cause.
Infectious bronchitis is caused by viruses, bacteria and organisms that resemble bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia)Recurrent bronchitis attacks can occur in smokers and people with lung disease and chronic respiratory tract. Recurrent infections may result from:
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis
Allergy
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids in children.
Irritative bronchitis can be caused by :
Various types of dustSmoke from strong acids, ammonia, some organic solvents, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and bromine
Air pollution irritants ozone and nitrogen dioxide
Tobacco and other cigarette.
Symptoms.
Symptoms include :
cough with phlegm (sputum can be reddish)shortness of breath when exercising or mild activity
often suffer from respiratory infections (such as flu)
asthma
tired
swelling of the ankles, feet and legs left and right
face, palms or reddish mucous membranes
cheeks looked rosy
headache
impaired vision.
Infectious bronchitis often begins with symptoms such as runny nose, ie runny nose, fatigue, chills, back pain, muscle aches, mild fever and sore throat.
Cough usually marks the beginning of bronchitis. At first it did not cough up phlegm, but 1-2 days later will issue a white or yellow phlegm. Furthermore sputum will multiply, yellow or green.
In severe bronchitis, after most of the other symptoms improve, sometimes high fever for 3-5 days and the cough may persist for several weeks.
Shortness of breath occurs when the airways clogged. Often found wheezing breath sounds, especially after coughing. Could develop pneumonia.
Diagnosis.
Diagnosis is usually made based on the symptoms, especially the presence of mucus. On examination using a stethoscope will sound crackles or abnormal breath sounds.Other tests are wont to do:
Lung function tests
Arterial blood gases
Chest X-rays.
Treatment.
To reduce fever and malaise, to adult patients can be given aspirin or acetaminophen;The children should be given only acetaminophen. Advised to rest and drink plenty of fluids.
Upper respiratory tract infection.
Acute respiratory infections in Indonesian also known as ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) or URI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) in English is a disease caused by an infection of the upper respiratory system.
Signs and symptoms.
Which included symptoms of ARDs are aching body aches (myalgia), runny nose (rhinorrhea), cough, headache, pain in tengorokan.The cause of ARDs are viruses, bacteria and fungi. Most are viruses. Diagnoses included in these circumstances is, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis tosilitis.
Therapy.
Treatment given in this disease usually antibiotics even though most of ARI caused by a virus that can be cured by itself without giving medicine therapeutic, antibiotic treatment can accelerate the healing of this disease than just the provision of medicines symptomatic, in addition to antibiotic treatment can prevent reinfection from bacterial, administration, antibiotic treatment of this disease should be considered properly in order to avoid resistance of germs / baterial later. But in respiratory disease that has continued with symptoms of phlegm and mucus that have become green, antibiotic treatment is necessary because the existing symptoms prove that the bacteria involved.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2016/03/about-cough.html
DatePublished: March 6, 2016 at 09:44
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW
