www.Primo.com: X-rays And X-ray To Work.

A German physicist named Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was doing experiments with electron beams in a gas discharge tube. Suddenly she watched her luminous events a fluorescent screen hers who happened to be near the gas discharge tube when the electron beam is turned on. Under normal circumstances, events luminescence fluorescent screen was not something strange, considering that the fluorescent material is indeed material will fluoresce in response to an electromagnetic wave. However, the events experienced such Röntgen, he actually has covered the gas discharge tube with a fairly thick cardboard and are colored black. The assumption, with thick black cardboard eletromagnet radiation can not escape because it is blocked by a thick cardboard.

Röntgen tried putting various objects between the tube with a fluorescent screen. The result is still phosphorescent screen. The most surprising, Röntgen asked his wife to put his hand between the tube and the screen, and the result is a shadow silhouette of his bones, complete with a circular ring on the ring finger Ny. Röntgen. Such was the origin of the discovery of a type of light, which he called Röntgen X-ray, which has significance in the medical world.

X-ray, which was found accidentally, it is used to perform X-Ray photograph in the hospital. With the photo, the doctor can see the patient through flesh to inspect the broken or fractured bones, or objects that might be caught in the throat of the patient, with incredible ease.

What's that X-ray? How can he penetrate certain materials?

X-rays are essentially "brothers" with visible light. Ie light which cause we can see around us. They are part of the electromagnetic wave spectrum and we know that electromagnetic waves consist of packets of energy called photons. the difference between X-rays to visible light photon energy lies in arranging, and photon energy is related to the wavelength. X-ray photon energy larger than the energy of visible light photons. Because the photon energy is inversely proportional to its wavelength, it can be said that the wavelength of X-ray photons are shorter than the wavelength of visible light photons. Unfortunately we are only able to catch the eyes of a specific wavelength which incidentally is the wavelength of visible light is only possessed by so we were not able to see the X-rays.

Neither X-ray photons and photons of visible light, both produced by the movement of electrons in atoms. We know that electrons occupy certain energy levels, which we call orbitals, around the nucleus. If an electron falls into a lower energy level, then the electron must expend a certain amount of energy, and this energy is released in the form of photons. Regardless of the energy of photons depends on how deep the target orbit of the electron.

How excited atoms.

At the time of a photon impingement other atoms, atoms which pounded will absorb the photon energy is pounding and trigger an electron in an atom is to move to a higher orbit. One requirement that must be met for it, namely energy photons striking the atoms must be equal to the difference between the two orbits of electrons. Otherwise, the photons are not able to shift the atomic electrons.

The atoms of our body skin absorbs photons of visible light very well. The energy possessed by the photons of visible light is fit to the difference between the energy levels of the atoms making our skin. For other types of electromagnetic waves, such as radio wave energy possessed by its photons are insufficient to create a body of atomic electrons move to higher energy levels. That's why radio waves will penetrate almost any material. X-rays are also able to penetrate many materials (ingredients) but not because it has less energy, but because the energy possessed by its photons actually very large. Energy X-ray photons can even cause the atomic electrons ejected from the atom. Some of the energy of X-ray photons can separate the electron from the atom, and the rest causes the electrons to drift in the air. Larger atoms more easily absorb photons of X-rays, because larger atoms that has a difference of levels greater energy anyway. While atoms are smaller, the difference between the electron energy levels (orbits) smaller, more difficult to absorb the X-rays; which means more permeable X-rays.

Soft layer of our skin is composed of atoms that are small, so it can not absorb X-rays or X-rays pass on well. Calcium atoms which is a constituent atom of our bones have a much larger atoms so that the atoms absorb the X-rays so difficult to penetrate bone X-rays. To use X-rays to perform X-ray in the field of medicine, the necessary equipment emitting X-rays. How this X-ray emitter work?

How It Works X-ray machine.

The workings of the X-ray machine for X-ray.

The main part of the X-ray machine is a pair of electrodes, the cathode and anode, which is placed in a vacuum glass tube. The cathode is made from a filament that is heated, as is commonly found on older models of incandescent lamps. Electric current on X-ray machines transmitter is passed through the filament so that the filament gets hot. As a result, electrons emitted from the filament surface. Positively charged anode, made of tungsten flat circular, attract electrons to form an electron beam from the cathode to the anode in the tube.

Between the cathode and anode were given a very large potential difference, so that a beam of electrons to flow in a tube with a very high energy. When these high-energy electrons at the anode mashing tungsten atom, an electron which is at a relatively low orbit of the tungsten atoms will be thrown to leave the place. Another electrons are in higher orbit will soon fall to fill the empty places in the lower orbital electrons that had been abandoned. Because the electron falls from a higher orbital to a lower orbital, then the process will be released photons. in this event, the fall of electrons originating from the energy level is much higher, so that the resulting photon is also a photon with enough energy high, ie photons of X-rays.

Free electrons can also generate photons without mashing an atom. This happens because an atomic nucleus that attracts electrons that move freely will cause the moving electrons will experience a slowdown. Slowdown or reduction in speed occurs in a manner that fairly quickly. This speed change will cause a release of energy in the form of X-ray photons.

A very powerful collision of events in the process of formation of X-rays will generate heat. To avoid melting the anode as a result of this heat, the X-ray emitter machine there is a rotating anode motor. Thus, the electron beam is not always mashing the same part of the anode. In addition there is also oil in the engine coolant that absorbs the heat.

All around the X-ray device of this, fitted with a thick barrier of lead material. This is to keep the X-rays radiating out in all directions. To channel the X-ray beam produced, made a small hole in the barrier layer. Prior to this X-ray of the patient's body to be photographed, X-rays will pass through a number of filters (filter) according to the needs.

A camera on the other side of the patient will record the pattern of X-rays that pass through the patient's body. The X-ray camera using film technology similar to regular film cameras (not digital cameras). The difference is that chemical reactions on photographic film caused by X-rays instead of visible light rays as in a regular film camera.

Generally, doctors use X-ray directly results in the form of a film negative. You've seen the film negatives and how it works is not it? We used to call negative film with the terms photogravure. On the negative film, the part exposed to much light will appear darker compared with fewer parts exposed to light. Hard objects, such as bones, appear white on the film while the objects are softer, for example skin, will appear black or gray.

X-rays it dangerous for our bodies?

X-rays are an important tool in medicine since it allows a physician a patient without cutting it. It's much easier and safer to inspect a bone using X-rays rather than dissect the skin and flesh to examine the bones.

However, excessive X-rays will harm our body. X-ray radiation is one type of ionizing radiation, ie the radiation which can cause ionize atoms. If a normal light on the atom, the light can not change the subject atom significantly. Another case when X-rays on an atom. If the X-ray mashing an atom, the atom the electron can be ejected leaving atoms to form ions, which are electrically charged atoms. Electrons are thrown into free and can grind other atoms thus producing more ions again.

These electrically charged ions can produce unusual chemical reactions in the cell. Even can damage our DNA chain. cells undergoing DNA damage will die or mutate. The more DNA is dead, then the body will cause various kinds of diseases. If the DNA is mutated, cells can undergo cancerous, and this cancer can spread. So, although X-rays is very meaningful in the medical world, you should be careful not too often do Röntgen photo.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 29, 2015 at 15:15