Did You Know About Making cloth.

1. Type of Material Based Process.

a. WOVEN / WEAVING.

Cloth made from the crossing of two threads with the way in weaving / woven. Often called the woven fabric. Woven material characteristics can not be in drag.

b. KNIT.

Fabrics made from the entanglements of the thread / yarn hooking with thread, often called the knit fabric. Characteristics of this fabric can pull or elastic.
Examples of knitted fabrics: jersey, interlock, rib, single jersey, tricot etc.

2. TYPES OF MATERIAL BASED ON RAW MATERIALS.

Animal Textiles (raw material of animal)

Generally derived from hair or fur and animal skin fibers. Fabric samples originating from animals that wool fabric and silk fabric. Wool is generally derived from sheep's wool, but can also be of fur llamas, camels and alpacas. There is also a fabric derived from sheep hair of Kashmir called Cashmere fabric. This fabric is expensive and uniquely valuable more frequent washing will be more subtle, but must use a special detergent such as shampoo. Wool and Cashmere relatively heavy and thick that is suitable for the area to cool cool. Generally used as jackets, coats, blankets, and traditional robes. Different again with silk fibers derived from silkworm cocoons. Silk fabric is very smooth and shiny so it looks fancy, so high-priced. Suitable formed into a variety of upscale fashion.

Plant Textiles (raw materials from plants)

Can be derived from roots, bark, leaves, and fruit plants. Examples of plants commonly processed into fabrics are cotton, cotton / kapok, jute, pandanus, bamboo, coconut, banana, pineapple, and various grass - grass. The fabrics are from cotton called cotton (cotton), in addition to cotton, cloth and drill also comes from cotton woven fibers, called pina pineapple fiber, from fiber linen tree called linen, etc.

For fabrics made from cotton or cotton is divided into two :

* Cotton combed

• Fiber finer yarn.
• Results Knitted and more flat appearance.

* Cotton carded

• Fiber yarn less smooth.
• Results of knitted and appearance of uneven material.

Characteristics of cotton combed or carded are :

 Material was cold and a little stiff
 Easy tangles
 Easy to absorb sweat
 Clothing / fabric will be damaged if immersed more than 2 hours in detergents
 Vulnerable to fungus
 When burned it smelled like burning paper, burning results will be ashes and the course of fire is slow.

Mineral Textiles (raw materials from mineral)

derived from minerals such as asbestos, basalt, iron, silver, glass fiber, and gold. Generally, when processed into fabric first formed into fibers or sheets. The intended use of minerals as a fabric for special reasons such as strength and elegance. Fabric of asbestos called vinyl.

Synthetic Textiles (raw material of artificial materials / chemicals / synthetic).

1. Aramid

Aramid is widely used for fire-fighting clothes, car and motorcycle racers. Aramid including types of nylon such as Nomex, Kevlar and Tawron is highly refractory materials, high temperature resistant, burning at a temperature of 53 oC.

2. Acrylic

Acrylic known by the trade name Acrilian, Cashmilon, Orlon, Vonnel, Wolacryl, and others. While modakrilat trade name Acrilan, Courtelle, Cresian, Dynel, Orlon, Redon and others.
In general nature similar to wool. Fabrics and garments from the acrylic has a soft grip, rua (bulky) light and heat insulator that can withstand the heat of the body but did not make the skin itch. Disadvantages of this material is the convenience in usage. The surplus is even if the fiber is unable to absorb water but moist taste when used and acrylic are dry faster compared to other synthetic fibers.
The washing can be used with regular soap and resistant to chemical dry cleaning and laundering other organic solvents. Acrylic is very sensitive to heat because it causes distorted material, therefore the ironing is only done with warm iron.

3. CDP

Abbreviation of cationic dyeable polyester, which is a type of synthetic fiber which is a modification of polyester fiber that can be dyed with a dye base and disperse dyes.

4. Polyester

Known by the trade name Terylene, Dacron, Trivera, Tetoron. Strength, good elasticity of polyester fibers to produce fabric which has good resistance to indentation or creases so that the heat does not require ironing. Disadvantages of polyester fabric is moist low absorption and high rigidity so that comfort is reduced.
Staining polyester done using color zar disperse rich color fastness and has excellent color to washing, rubbing and light.
Polyester fabric resistant to organic solvents and chemical washing / dry cleaning, as well as having excellent resistance against bacteria and fungi.

5. polyimide / Nylon

Also known as Perlon, caprolan and amilan, trilobal or anthrone, rislan, nomex and others. In general, these synthetic fibers are good insulators and can cause static electrical properties. Properties of strength and elasticity as well as excellent durability, resistance to attack by fungi, bacteria and insects.
Shortage of nylon fabric is low moisture absorption. Nylon can be washed with soap and alkali resistant to chemical washing / dry cleaning. Heat resistant nylon material is not high, at a temperature of 180 ° C, nylon board began sticky and damaged at 230oC temperature and melts at a temperature of 250oC.
Nylon can be dyed with acid dyes and metal complexes, against other dyes such as alkaline, direct, sulfur, but washing durability and ugly light.

6. Spandex

Better known as Lycra which is a trade mark of Du Pont. Has the properties of high elasticity, strong and has a high rub resistance. Spandex is a synthetic fiber types are known to have better elasticity of rubber. Spandex fabric can reach the level of elasticity to pull up to 500%.

Semi Synthetic fibers.

1. Capital

Capital or polynosic known as Avril, Hightel, Vincel, Zantrel and other woods are regenerated cellulose, viscose rayon type with a higher degree of polymerization and has a micro-fibrillar structure with a molecular chain length twice that of rayon, higher strength but creep along lower moisture regain.
Capital can be washed with soap or detergent and organic solvent and chemical washing / dry-cleaning and ironing with moderate temperatures, with heating such as ni creasing can be eliminated, the presence of steam in ironing the fabric makes it easy to be slick and looks shiny

2. Rayon Viscosa

Viscose rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber raw materials from natural wood which has a high cellulose content, so as to have comfort in a very good use in a variety of conditions

3. Rayon Acetat

Included in the semi-synthetic fibers that have good elasticity, but not enough to give a good tangle resistance. Rayon acetate is a poor conductor of heat but it is a good heat insulator therefore this material is widely used as upholstery fabrics
Washing can be carried out with lye soap and chemical washing / dry cleaning. Acetate cloth ironing done using a warm iron and indirect
Acetate rayon resistant microorganisms and insects but not resistant to mildew, especially in humid conditions

Blending / Mixed Fibres

Often to get cheaper prices and the strength of the material is then carried blending fabric / fiber mix for example T / C 65/35 (a mixture of polyester cotton), T / R 65/35 (a mixture of polyester rayon), CVC (a mixture of polyester cotton 50 / 50), cotton / lycra (97/3) and others.

1. TC (TETERTON Cotton) / Polyester - Cotton

This type of material is a mixture of 35% Combed Cotton and Polyester (Teteron) 65%. Compared to materials Cotton, TC material can absorb less sweat and a little heat in the body. TC usually made for bed linen, hem, pants.
Characteristics: More resistant 'shrinkage' (no shrinkage and expansion) despite being washed repeatedly and when burned will produce ash and charcoal, for detailed testing should be with certain chemicals.

2. CVC (Cotton Viscose)

This type of material is a mixture of 55% Combed Cotton and 45% Viscose. The advantages of this material is its degree of shrinkage (shrinkage pattern) is smaller than the material Cotton. This type of material also absorb perspiration.

3. Denim

Denim is the material of the products that we often call jeans. Denim itself was originally a mixture of wool, silky and cotton. But in the early 20th century the manufacture of denim material wearing only cotton fibers.

4. Identify types of materials practically.

1. Cotton

Cotton material is subtle but easily crumpled Touched,
When burned (take one / several strands of yarn) will be ash, and the course of fire is slow.

2. Viscose

Viscose material is smooth and soft when in squeeze and wrinkle-resistant, the material properties fall.
When burned to ashes and the flames slowly.

3.Polyester

Slippery grip, although for certain polyester yarn has a soft grip (will be discussed in more detail in the next article),
And when burned into charcoal / like plastic burning, course of rapid fire.

4.TR and TC

Have a handle halfway between polyester and cotoon / Rayon
When burned will produce ash and charcoal, though for more detailed testing should be with certain chemicals.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/did-you-know-about-making-cloth.html
DatePublished: May 1, 2015 at 21:57

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