www.Primo.com: On blood circulation.

On the biology of learning we will learn about the human circulatory system are also closely related to our digestion.

Some description of the circulatory system are :

Fluid Blood (Blood Plasma)
Composed of:
water (90-92)%
dissolved substances (nutrients, mineral salts, enzymes, hormones, residual substances, plasma proteins, serum plasma)

Plasma protein consists of :

a. Albumin
Serves to maintain the osmotic pressure of blood
b. Globulin
Serves to establish and prothrombin antibodies (serum)
c. Fibrinogen
Function to freeze the blood

Blood serum :

Blood serum globulin built by compound, consisting of :

a. Agglutinin
Serves to agglomerate foreign proteins (antigens = aglutinogen)
b. Precipitins
Serves to precipitate the antigen
c. Antitoksi
Serves to destroy or break the antigen
d. Opsonin
Serves to activate phagocytic properties of leukocytes

Blood type.

Blood type discovered by the Immunology Dr. Landsteiner and Donath.
Human blood groups are classified on 4 kinds (known as ABO system) based on antigenic differences (aglutinogen) and antibodies (agglutinins), namely:

1. Blood type A

In erythrocytes containing aglutinogen A and plasma contains agglutinins b

2. Blood type B

In aglutinogen B contained erythrocytes and plasma contained agglutinins a

3. Blood type AB

In erythrocytes contained aglutinogen A and B, in the plasma is not contained agglutinins

4. Blood type O

In erythrocytes contained no aglutinogen, plasma contained agglutinins a and b

Mechanism of Blood Transfusion.

In the process of blood transfusion, some terms related to blood transfusion process as follows :

1. Transfusion = process of moving blood cast
2. Donor = people who give some blood to others in need
3. Recipients = person who receives a number of blood from another person
4. Universal Donor = blood type that can give some blood to others. Blood group in question is O
5. Recipients of Universal = blood type can receive blood from a number of other blood groups. Blood type is AB question
6. Serum = plasma without fibrinogen
7. antigen = aglutinogen a foreign protein to be coagulated by the antibody / agglutinin
8. Antibodies = plasma protein antigens that can agglomerate / agglutinin
9. agglutination = blood clots due to a mismatch between the type of aglutinogen donors with recipients agglutinin
based on the chart clearly shows that the blood type O is a universal donor blood type AB is a universal recipient.
On the implementation of a blood transfusion is important to note is the donor, must be considered aglutinogen its kind, while the recipient is agglutinin its kind.

In 1940, Lansteiner find other types of classification of blood is Rhesus system. Based on the investigation distinguish blood group A into two kinds:
1. Blood type A with positive rhesus factor (Rh +)
2. Blood type B with rhesus factor (Rh -).
Most blacks and brown had blood with rhesus +, whereas the majority of the white race rhesus -

Blood classification functions :

1. It is important for the process of blood transfusion
2. It is important for the investigation of blood group
Blood circulation
Body fluid circulated through the blood vessels and lymph vessels.

Blood circulation tools consist of :

a. cardiac (heart / cast)
b. Blood vessels (veins / veins and arteries / veins pulse.
c. capillaries / small blood vessels (arterioles and venules)

THE HEART

1. The wall consists of three layers, namely:
Pericardium, the membrane wrapping heart
Myocardium, is a cardiac muscle
Endocardium, the membrane lining the heart room
2. Room heart:

Heart has 4 rooms heart namely :

a. 2 porch (atrium) that sinister atrium / left atrium and dekster / right
b. 2 chambers (ventricles) are vebtrikel sinister / left and ventricular dekster / right
Wall chamber (ventricle) of the heart is thicker than the walls of the foyer (atrium).
Wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle
3. The heart valve

Between the heart chambers are connected by a valve or valvular heart such as :

1. valvula = tricuspid heart valve leaved three located between the right atrium to the right ventricle

2. Valvula bicuspidalis = leaved two heart valve, located between the left atrium to the left ventricle
Heart also has chordae tendinae ie cardiac veins that keep the valve (valve)
heart gets food and O2 of the pulse canopy (coronary arteries)
coronary heart disease caused by blockage of the coronary arteries
Heart muscle including involuntary muscle working out of control coordination system.

3. cardiac nerve
S.A nodes (nodes bang into Purkinje fibers arterio sinus) is also called nodes keith - flack, the nerve fibers found in the wall of the right atrium near muaravena cava and inferior vena cava superior.
These nerve fibers is a branch of involuntary nervous system and is also influenced by the vagus nerve (nerve the 10th)
AV node (node atrial ventricular) also called Tawara node, located on the border between the porch (atrium) and chambers (ventricles)
Bundle of His, contained in the cubicle divider between branches into Purkinje fibers
excitatory flow mechanism so that the heart beats are:
stimulus -> node S. A -> His File -> Purkinje fibers -> Contraction chambers (ventricles)
4. The pressure / heart rate
In connection with the buds and the expansion of the heart, known two kinds of blood pressure are:
a. Systole
Events furl his cubicle and blood out of the heart (heart contraction). In the normal pressure of approximately 120 mm Hg his
b. Diastole directions
Events of the expansion chambers of the heart and blood into the heart (cardiac relaxation), in the normal pressure of about 80 mm Hg
Instrument for measuring blood pressure sphigmomanometer

BLOOD VESSEL

Various kinds of blood vessels :

1. arteries (arterial), the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Composed of:
a. Pulmonary artery
An artery that carries blood to the lungs
b. Aorta
A large blood vessel that carries blood to the entire body
At the base of the aorta are crescent-shaped valve (Valvula semilunar) which serves to maintain blood flow to remain unidirectional
2. veins (veins), ie the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
a. Pulmonary venous
ie the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the heart
b. Inferior vena cava
blood vessel that carries blood from the lower body to the heart.
Superior vena cava
Ie the blood vessels that carry blood from the upper part of the body to the heart.

3. Capillary blood vessels
Small blood vessels, which is directly related to the body's tissues. In capillaries there is a relationship between the arteries to the veins.
Capillary blood vessels are composed of a single layer of flat cells one layer.
All tissues in direct contact with the blood capillaries, so that the exchange process becomes more efficient.
Exchange of material in the capillaries into the cell occurs via diffusion mechanism, and active transport system.
Blood flow in the capillaries more slowly allowing the exchange process becomes more effective
a. Venules
Capillary blood vessels of venous
b. Arterioles
Capillary blood vessels of the arterial
Closed circulatory
Blood circulation which occurs where the blood flows only through the blood vessels, without ever directly penetrate the cells or tissue.
Double blood circulation
Human circulatory system is called a double circulatory system, because once the blood circulates through the heart twice.

The circulatory system is divided into :

1. The circulatory system is small (pulmonary circulatory system)
A circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs back to the heart. In this event the gas diffusion in the lung, which alter blood contains a lot of heart CO2 into O2 after coming out of the lungs.
The mechanism of blood flow as follows:
The right ventricle of the heart -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium of heart
2. The circulatory system is large (systemic blood circulation)
a circulatory system that carries blood that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Blood coming out of the heart of a lot of oxygen.
The mechanism of blood flow as follows:
Left ventricle -> aorta -> superior and inferior arteries -> cells / tissues of the body -> inferior and superior vena cava -> right atrium of heart
3. portal circulatory system
Circulatory system leading to digestive tools to the liver, before returning to the heart. portal vein brown because it contains many nutrients. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/04/on-blood-circulation.html
DatePublished: 12 April 2015 at 13:26