www.Primo.com: 10 November 1945 incident.

Incident at Hotel Yamato, Tunjungan, Surabaya.

After the rise of Indonesian government edict dated August 31, 1945 which stipulates that from 1 September 1945 the national flag hoisted the Saka Merah Putih continue in all parts of Indonesia, the flag raising movement has expanded to all corners of the city of Surabaya. Flag-raising climax movement in Surabaya occurred on tearing flag incident in Yamato Hoteru / Hotel Yamato (named Oranje Hotel or Hotel Orange in colonial times, now called Hotel Majapahit) on Jl. Tunjungan No. 65 Surabaya.

A group of Dutch people under the leadership of Mr. WVCh Ploegman on the afternoon of September 18, 1945, exactly at 21:00, flying the flag of the Netherlands (Red-White-Blue), without the approval of the Regional Government of Indonesia Surabaya, on the pole at the top level Hotel Yamato, north side. The next day the youth of Surabaya see and be angry because they assume the Netherlands had insulted the sovereignty of Indonesia, wanted to restore power back in Indonesia, and harassing the flag hoisting movement taking place in Surabaya.

Shortly after the assembled masses in Hotel Yamato, Resident Sudirman, warrior and diplomat who was then serving as Deputy Resident (Fuku Syuco Gunseikan) are still recognized by the government of Dai Nippon Surabaya Syu, as well as Surabaya Regional Resident GOI, came past the crowd and entered Yamato escorted to the hotel and Hariyono Sidik. As the representative of Indonesia he conferred with Mr. Ploegman and his friends and asked that the Dutch flag immediately derived from Yamato Hotel building. In these negotiations Ploegman refuse to lower the Dutch flag and refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of Indonesia. The talks took place heats up, Ploegman pulled a gun, and a fight broke out in the negotiating room. Ploegman died strangled by Sidik, who later was killed by Dutch soldiers on guard and heard a pistol shot Ploegman, while Sudirman and Hariyono fled Yamato. Most youth scramble up to the top of the hotel for the Dutch flag. Hariyono originally along Sudirman back into the hotel and was involved in climbing the flagpole and together Kusno Wibowo managed to lose the Dutch flag, ripped blue section, and pull them back to the top of the flagpole as the flag.

After the incident at the Yamato Hotel, on October 27, 1945 the first battle erupted between Indonesia against the British army. Small attacks at a later turned into a general strike that many casualties on both sides Indonesia and England, before finally General DC Hawthorn ask for help President Sukarno to defuse the situation.

Brigadier General Mallaby death.

After the ceasefire between the Indonesian and the British army was signed on October 29, 1945, the state gradually subsided. Nevertheless it still happens armed clashes between the people and the British army in Surabaya. Armed clashes in Surabaya that culminated with the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, (leader of the British troops to East Java), on October 30, 1945 around 20:30. Buick car carrying Brigadier General Mallaby ran into a group of Indonesian militia when it will pass through the Red Bridge. Misunderstandings led to a shootout that ended with the death of Brigadier General Mallaby by a pistol shot a young Indonesian man who hitherto unidentified, and the burning of the car is hit by a grenade explosion that caused Mallaby unrecognizable corpse. Mallaby's death led to the British angry to Indonesia and resulted in the replacement decision Mallaby, Major General EC Mansergh to issue an ultimatum 10 November 1945 to ask the Indonesian side surrendered their arms and stop fighting in the army and administration AFNEI NICA.

The debate about the causes of the crossfire.

Tom Driberg, a Member of the British Parliament from the Labour Party (Labour Party). On February 20, 1946, during a debate in the British Parliament (House of Commons) doubted that the shootout was started by the Indonesian army. He said that the incident was allegedly strong crossfire arise due to misunderstandings 20 member Indian squad leader Mallaby who started the shootout did not know that the ceasefire in force because they are cut off from contact and telecommunications. Here's an excerpt from Tom Driberg:

"... About 20 people (soldiers) India (English owned), in a building on the other side of the square, has been cut off from communication by phone and do not know about the ceasefire. They shot sporadically in the mass (Indonesia). Brigadier Mallaby out of the discussion (truce), walk straight into the crowd, with great courage, and shouted to the Indian soldiers to stop firing. They are obedient to him. Maybe half an hour later, the mass in the square became more turbulent. Brigadier Mallaby, at a certain point in the discussion, ordered Indian troops to shoot again. They opened fire with two Bren guns and mass broke up and run for cover; then broke again with a really intense battle. Clear that when Brigadier Mallaby gave orders to open fire again, truce negotiations have actually broken, at least locally. Twenty minutes to half an hour after that, he (Mallaby) unfortunately killed in a car-though (we) are not really sure if he was killed by the Indonesian people who approached his car; which exploded simultaneously with the attack on him (Mallaby).

I think this can not be accused of being a cunning murder ... as I can as quickly as possible information from witnesses, that a British officer who actually exist in the scene at the time, the intention honest I had no reason to question ... "

Ultimatum 10 November 1945.

After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby, his successor, Major General Mansergh issued an ultimatum stating that all leaders and the Indonesian armed to report and put the gun in the specified place and surrendered with arms raised. Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am November 10, 1945.

Ultimatum is then taken as an insult to the fighters and the people who have formed many agencies struggle / militia. The ultimatum was rejected by the Indonesian side of the Republic of Indonesia on the grounds that it was already established, and the People's Security Army (TKR) has also been established as the state forces. In addition, many organizations have formed an armed struggle of society, including among the youth, students and students who opposed the re-entry of the Dutch government who ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia.

On November 10 morning, the British army began a large-scale attack, which begins with aerial bombs into government buildings in Surabaya, and then deployed about 30,000 infantry, a number of aircraft, tanks, and ships.

Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombarded and shot with a cannon from the sea and land. Resistance forces and Indonesian militia then raged across the city, with the active assistance of the population. Involvement of residents in this battle resulted in thousands of civilians falling victim in the attack, both died mupun injured.

Bung Tomo in Surabaya, one of the revolutionary leaders of Indonesia's most respected. This famous photograph for many people involved in the Indonesian National Revolution represents the soul of Indonesia's main revolutionary struggle that time.

Unexpectedly the British who suspect that the resistance in Surabaya can be conquered within three days, the young community leaders like Bung Tomo pioneers which have great impact on the community continues to drive the spirit of resistance youths Surabaya so that the resistance continues in the middle of a large-scale attack Britain. Religious figures consisting of scholars and clerics among clerics cottage Java-like KH. Hasyim Ashari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah-clerics and religious scholars were also exert their students and civil society as a militia resistance (at that time the public is not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the clerics) that Indonesia longstanding opposition party, from day to day , up from week to week more. Popular resistance initially spontaneous and uncoordinated, increasingly organized. This large-scale battle reaches up to three weeks, before the whole city of Surabaya, eventually falling in the hands of the British.

At least 6,000 fighters of the Indonesian civilians were killed and 200,000 displaced from Surabaya. Victims of British and Indian troops approx number 600. The bloody fighting in Surabaya, which took thousands of lives have been moving around the Indonesian people's resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. The number of fighters who died and civilians who were victims of the 10th day of November later remembered as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished: April 2, 2015 at 13:18