Did You Know About Quartz Sand.

Quartz sand is one of the minerals are relatively abundant in Indonesia . This is possible due to conditions such as Indonesia, which is almost half as a source of acid igneous rock forming minerals such . Quartz sand are found in coastal areas of rivers, lakes , beaches and some of the shallow seas . This mineral plays an important enough for the industry , either as the main raw material as well as follow-up material . As the main raw material , quartz sand used by the manufacturing industry to produce products that can be used by consumers primarily for building materials and the main ingredient in the design of interior / exterior as well as materials for household needs . While the follow-up material , quartz sand used in casting molds for metal materials , refractory materials and as a filler material in the mining and petroleum industry , especially when performing drilling activities .
Along with the state of Indonesia's current economic conditions , the development of quartz sand in the last three years experienced significant fluctuations , ie in the period 1998-2001 , resulting in a decrease in consumption . However, because an important role in the industry , in the first half , in 2002 , the production and consumption of quartz sand began creeping up .

GEOLOGY.

1. So initially.

Quartz sand ( quartz sands ) is an acidic weathering of igneous rocks such as granite , gneiss or other igneous rock containing major mineral quartz . The result of this weathering process then undergo sedimentation , water-borne or wind then deposited on the edges of rivers , lakes or beaches . Because the numbers are quite large and looks white along the banks of a river , lake or the beach , then in Indonesia, better known by the name of white sand .
The quality quartz sand in Indonesia is quite varied , depending on the genesis and influence of mineral impurities formed during the process of sedimentation participate . Ma ¬ terial these impurities are as giving color to the quartz sand , and the percentage of color purity can be estimated . Granules that contain a lot of iron oxide compounds will look yellow , aluminum and titan element content will be more clearly visually , and the content of the elements calcium , magnesium and potassium tend to form a reddish color .
In Nature , found with quartz sand grain size , ranging smooth fraction ( < 0.06 mm ) when there are far from the parent rock , while the size of the coarse ( > 2mm ) is located not far from the parent rock .

2. Mineralogy.

Forming minerals dominantly quartz sand lapped by crystal - crystalline silica ( SiO2 ) which form a hexagonal pattern as well as some mineral impurities are bound with the mineral. The chemical composition of quartz sand generally consists of the following elements:
Table 1.
SiO2 from 55.30 to 99.87 % ,
Fe2O3 from 0.01 to 9.14 % ,
Al2O3 from 0.01 to 18.00 % ,
TiO2 from 0.01 to 0.49 % ,
CaO from 0.01 to 3.24 % ,
MgO from 0.01 to 0.26 %
K2O 0.01 - 17.00 % .
Complete chemical composition of some of the areas that have been studied can be shown in Table 1.
The physical properties of quartz sand has distinctive characteristics , namely the translucent white or other colors depending on the compound impurities , hardness ranged from 7 ( Mohs scale ) , specific gravity between 2.50 to 2.70 , melting point between 1715 ° C , the hexagonal crystal form , specific heat and thermal conductivity 0.185 between 12 - 100o C.

3. Potential and reserves .

From the previous investigation reports Indonesian quartz sand reserves are in western Indonesia , because of the possibility of rocks in this area are acidic . Based on previous research reports and the results of the study Madiadipoera and his friends , the amount of quartz sand reserves estimated at 4.55 billion tonnes , 78.6 million tonnes , comprising measured reserves, 12.4 million indicated tonnes, 21.3 million tonnes of inferred and 4.4 billion hypothetical reserves . Quartz sand reserves are the largest in West Sumatra , which is about 82.5 % of the reserves in Indonesia . Next is West Kalimantan , West Java , South Sumatra .
The best quality quartz sand contained in South Kalimantan with the amount of silica ( SiO2 ) ranged between 98.7 - 99.9 % ¬ , then the quartz sand that comes from Bangka and Belitung with SiO2 content between 97.6 to 98.53 % .

MINING .

1. Exploration .

To determine the potential and the quality of quartz sand reserves conducted exploration activities covering the aerial mapping , topographic mapping , geological mapping , geophysical investigation and proceed with the drilling or well testing . Geophysical methods are appropriate for this quartz sand deposits generally using resistivity method , because the condition is relatively homogeneous quartz sand deposits and tend to parallel to the surface .
Quality and reserves based on quartz sand sampling by drilling wells or test . When you have a thick and extensive known reserves the quartz sand , it will be able to predict large reserve potential . Reserve calculation process can be carried out by the method of Inverse Distance Square ( IDS ) or with roughly calculated by multiplying wide with a thick layer .
At the moment the software for the calculation is quite commonly found on the market such as using software Surfer , Surpac , Datamine or Micromine .
Now we know the size of the reserve , then continued with a laboratory test to determine the quality of quartz sand in the area . When you know all the information , then it can do calculations and analysis to determine the outlook and the appropriate utilization of these reserves .

2. Mining .

In general , quartz sand mining , open pit that is by the dry method and wet method using a monitor ( hydraulic mine ) . The choice of method depends on the processing , distribution and location of the deposition .
Stage mining operations include overburden stripping ( land clearing ) followed by quartz sand excavation , loading .
a. Stripping (stripping )
The purpose of overburden stripping is to reduce impurities ( dilution ) , when it will do the mining process . Usually overburden consists of scrub and clay layers ( soil) .
Activities undertaken in this phase to be cleaning scrub using manual tools ( hoe , shovel , belincong , etc. ) , or mechanical means ( bulldoser rake tool equipped single / double , Harrows ( scrapper ) , shovels , and other etc. ) . The selection of tools depends on the field conditions and the level of mining production .
Equipment used with mechanical equipment includes Harrows process , facilitation and the collection of soil cover material that will be used during the process of back -filling ( reclamation ) to close the land that has been mined.
a. Intake of quartz sand.
Because these minerals loose material , then the mining system that can be used wet or dry manner . Capturing the dry method is to use a power shovel or a bulldozer , then stockpiled and transported to wear dumptruck .
Intake of quartz sand by means of wet spraying is done by the monitor . A mixture of water and quartz sand ( slurry ) is pumped to the reservoir ( stockpile ) and then transported to a processing plant or directly sold to the market .
b. Loading and Transportation
The transport of mining products from the mining area to the processing unit or storage using the tool fit excavator ( back hoe ) , a power shovel or wheel loader . Conveyance is used dump truck , or by means of slurry is pumped through a modified pipes directly to the ship .

3. Processing.

The process of quartz sand processing depending on the usability and requirements needed either as raw material or for direct use. To obtain the required specifications laundering efforts to eliminate impurities compounds .
For some use sometimes done processing quartz sand to form sand grains become rounded. In addition, to get the required size fine grinding, eg for glass industry.

PURPOSE AND SPECIFICATIONS .

1. Usability .

In industrial activities , the use of quartz sand has been grown extensively , either directly as the main raw material and follow-up materials . As the main raw material , for example glass used in the glass industry , cement , tiles , mosaic tiles, raw materials ferro silicon , silicon carbide materials abrasit ( sandpaper and sand blasting ). Meanwhile, as a follow-up, for example in the industry cast, and the petroleum industry of mining , refractory bricks ( refractory ) , and so forth.

1.1 Mining and Petroleum Industries .

Utilization of quartz sand mining and petroleum industries ( drilling ) is a filter that is better known as gravel pack sand ( GPS ) . Size is determined by the strength of quartz sand resistance test strength parameters are determined by the depth of drilling and pressure that will be suffered by the quartz sand . Quartz sand size requirements that meet the standards to be used as a GPS .
Other requirements needed for GPS is Sphericity and Roundnes . In general , if the form of rounded grains of quartz sand approach and does not have the angle of the quartz sand prices higher. GPS on the Mining and Petroleum Industries utilized as anchoring materials that can clog the filter tool mounted on the casing or drill pipe.
In addition, the GPS function to increase the permeability formations , so that the flow of water or oil from formations that originally shaped into a linear radial high pressure low pressure . GPS is placed between the filter tool Sumu wall .

1.2 Cement Industry .

Quartz sand in the manufacture of cement serves as a complement to the silica content of the cement produced . The content of silica for cement plants ranged 21.3 % SiO2 . If the composition of SiO2 quartz sand added yet achieved . Quartz sand usage in this industry vary depending on the silica content of other raw materials , usually ranging between 6-7 % .

1.3 . Ceramic Industries .

In the ceramic industry , quartz sand is forming ceramic bodies along with other raw materials , such as kaolin , clay , feldspar , and dyes . Quartz sand is generally forming properties of glazing on ceramic body , so the shape is slick and easy to clean . In addition , quartz sand as a material having properties that can simplify board drying process , control , shrinkage , and to frame the ceramic body.
Ceramic materials consisting of inorganic nonmetallic materials have crystalline phases and alloy production process requires the presence of high temperature heating . Based on the function and structure , the resulting ceramic divided into two types , namely conventional and modern way .
In general , the conventional way of using natural materials from the amorphous phase after treatment and there was also no treatment . There are two classes of conventional industries including ceramics , namely heavy Industries in ceramics consisting of cement, mortar , refractories , abrasives , and specialty industrial and fine ceramic Industries , which is pottery / ceramic decorative , floor and wall tiles , sanitary ware , tableware drink ( table ware ) , electrical insulators , kitchenware , ceramic engineering , incandescent bulbs , bottles and glasses .
Advanced ceramics industry typically uses raw materials that have artificially pure crystalline phases . Advanced ceramic products which are marketed in the world , among other types of zirconia and sialon in the automotive industry ( engine blocks , gear ) , blades and scissors , barium titanate in industrial electrolytes tronika ( capacitors, resistors ), non - oxide ceramics (zircon nitride), magnesium nitride , silicon carbide , silicon nitride ) used for high technology kiln furniture , cutting tools , machine components , tool extraction and processing of metals and fiber optic telecommunications industry , skyscrapers , lighting , and solar power .
In general , part ceramic body consists of two parts , a body that gives the kind of force , and as a body cover ( glazuur ) so it looks more beautiful and , attractive , and easy to clean . Quartz sand that forms part glazuur .
Percentage of quartz sand in a ceramic depends on the type and usefulness of its products . Quartz sand has an important role as a shaper of ceramic body because it has a function as a controller at the time before and after the combustion process. As a control function , quartz sand must meet standard requirements .
Quartz Sand Material Percentage ( % )
Semi Porcelain 10-20
Bone China 3-14
Local User Porcelain Hotel Heat Resistant Items 20.7 to 32.2 19.6 to 27.0 12.3 to 23.0
European sanitary America 30 25
Stone Ware Europe America 30 25
Sources : Ceramic Studies , PPTM , 1994

1.4 Glass and Glass Industry.

End process of quartz sand into glass processing and glass , by the way fuses them with other materials such as soda and lime in a melting furnace. As a glass-forming material contribution silica ( SiO2 ) is very dominant . Other elements such as soda ( Na2O ) used in the melting process , while lime ( CaO and MgO ) serves as a stabilizer when the process of melting and re- forming the glass and the glass . Typically , the sulfur is added during processing to help softening glasses when melted . For the manufacture of high -quality glass that needs to be added aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 ) and to increase the resilience of B2O3 glass .
As a dye, is added during processing also with other oxides such as iron, cobalt, chromium , copper and nickel .
Requirements quartz sand for glass and glazing industry is absolutely necessary especially chemical composition and grain size distribution . The chemical composition depends on the type of glass to be created and to be able to guarantee a minimum purity requirement , are also restrictions on the content of impurities that affect the quartz sand will be used , because the unwanted impurities will interfere with the treatment process . for example, when one wants is a glass or clear glass , the amount of iron oxide would interfere with the formation of translucent colors products. Therefore to get the white and clear glass , it takes low metal oxide content and high purity silica .
Requirements and common standards used glass and glazing companies to buy quartz sand are shown .
Some companies make the glass industry classification of quartz sand into two types , namely the composition of the white sand and yellow sand with composition .
Quartz sand melting process is a process of change in a variety of feedstocks into liquid batter is homogeneous , so that the size of the fraction becomes very important . Requirements of British Standard Screens for white sand is a maximum of 2 % +28 mesh, +35 maximum of 10% and a maximum of 1% -150. While the yellow sand is a maximum of 2 % +25 mesh , +36 maximum of 10 % and a maximum of 1 % -150 .
Specialized field of building architecture , the use of glass as a major complement to organize the interior and exterior design has been greatly expanded, ie building glass , glass blocks , glass wave , the purpose of the combination of laser light and diffusion , glass fiber regulator on the theater sound systems , binoculars ( see clearly view objects ) , glass eyes , and so forth . To produce the required quality glass processing tech .
Based on the shape and usability , glass sheet can be divided into two types , namely the type of clear and plain or patterned type .
Now , these two species have been developed with advanced technology as much demand in the market . Plain glass type is done with the process liquid glass floating above the liquid metal . Special properties of plain glass has a flat surface on both sides , align perfectly , and distortion -free , for both direct and reflected image , the object is behind the glass will look bright and clear as the glass is transparency and high transmittance , surface brighter than glass polished with a polishing plate because of fire , glass thickness can be up to 19 mm with larger dimensions so as to facilitate planning of a large glass wall .  Usually , plain glass used in interior and exterior design work home , shopping malls , offices , stores and other storefronts .
Patterned glass is a glass manufacturing process by putting the dye in the form of metal oxide compounds into the liquid glass being processed . The advantage of using the patterned glass can reduce heat and glare, and has a very low power of invisibility that gives a sense of comfort for those who are in the room.
This type of glass is very useful for the design of the interior and exterior of homes, offices , shopping centers and so forth in addition , some types of specially manufactured glass , such as glass without reflection is usually used for the optical industry and laboratories , chemical resistant glass bottles for the packaging industry and medicine , and various types of processed glass for high-tech industries such as aircraft, cutting optical and so forth .
Industrial Foundry and Refractory Bricks
Utilization of quartz sand in the foundry industry , because it has a higher melting point of the metal . The function of quartz sand in this industry is as a print and foundry sand .Conditions of quartz sand for molding sand need specific criteria , such as the spread and grain smoothness , grain shape , bulk density , base permeability , clay content , water tempering , compressive strength , shear strength , and permeability .
Quartz sand in industrial refractory bricks used for construction brick forming .
Other Manufacturing Industries
The use of quartz sand in other industries , namely as a reinforcement material in the processing of rubber , filler materials ( paint industry ) , abrasive material ( industrial grinding ) , rust material ( metal industry ) , filter materials ( industrial water purification ) , the raw material in the manufacture of ferro silicon carbide , and others , such as the microchip industries ( electronics ) .
So , thank you for reading this article.  Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/did-you-know-about-quartz-sand.html
DatePublished : April 07, 2014 at 11.38

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Tag : Did You Know About Quartz Sand ?.