Concorde.

 Supersonic Aircraft Type
 Manufacturers BAC ( now BAE Systems )
Aérospatiale ( now EADS )
 Fly premiered March 2, 1969
 Retired 26 November 2003 .
 Retirement status ( not airworthy )
 Users British Airways
Air France
Braniff International Airways
Singapore Airlines
 Total production of 20 units ( including 6 units of non- commercial aircraft ) .
 Unit price of £ 23 million pounds in 1977 .

Aérospatiale - BAC Concorde is a supersonic delta wing aircraft which is one of two types of supersonic passenger aircraft ever serve commercial transport pathway . The other is a supersonic aircraft Tupolev Tu - 144 belonging to the Russian who was also suspected of espionage is a result of the Concorde .
Concorde had a cruising speed of 2.04 Mach ( speed of sound ) and fly up to 60,000 feet altitude ( 17,700 feet ) with a delta wing configuration and evolution of the engine that is equipped with an afterburner jet engine originally developed for the strategic bomber aircraft ( bomber ) Avro Vulcan . Commercial flight operated by British Airways and Air France began on January 21, 1976 and ended on October 24, 2003, with the last flight on November 26 the same year.

History .

In the late 1950s , the United Kingdom , France , the United States and the Soviet Union were considering developing supersonic transport . British Bristol Aeroplane Company and the French Sud Aviation were both working on designs , called the Type 223 and Super - Caravelle , respectively Secondly largely funded by their respective governments . British design for a thin - winged delta shape ( which owed ​​much to work by Dietrich Küchemann ) transatlantic - ranged aircraft for about 100 people , while the French were intending to build a medium-range aircraft .
The design is equally ready to start prototype was built in the early 1960s , but the cost is so great that the British government made ​​a requirement that BAC look for international co-operation . The approach taken in a number of countries , but only France showed real interest . International development project was negotiated as a treaty between the two countries rather than a commercial agreement between companies and included a clause, originally asked by the UK, imposing heavy penalties cancellation. Agreement signed on 28 November 1962. A draft treaty was signed on 28 November 1962.
At this time , both companies had been merged into the new ; thus , the Concorde project between the British Aircraft Corporation and Aerospatiale .
At first the new consortium intended to produce one long term and one short range version . However , prospective customers showed no interest in the short-range version and it was dropped. The consortium secured orders (ie, no other binding) for more than 100 of the long -term version of the airline of the day : Pan Am , BOAC and Air France were the launch customers, with six Concorde respectively. Other airlines in the order book included Panair do Brasil , Continental Airlines , Japan Airlines , Lufthansa , American Airlines , United Airlines , Air India , Air Canada , Braniff , Singapore Airlines , Iran Air , Olympic Airways , Qantas , CAAC , Middle East Airlines and TWA .
The aircraft was initially referred to in English as " Concorde " , with the French spelling , but was officially changed to " Concord " by Harold Macmillan in response to a perceived slight by Charles de Gaulle . " In 1967 , at the French roll-out in Toulouse the British Government Minister for Technology , Tony Benn announced that he would change the spelling back to " Concorde . " This created a nationalist uproar that died down when Benn stated that the suffixed " e " represented" Excellence , England , Europe and Entente ( Cordiale ) . " in his memoirs , he tells a story about an angry letter from Scotland stated : " [ Y ] ou talk about ' E ' for England , but most are made in Scotland . " Given the contribution of Scotland to provide nose cone for the aircraft, Benn replied , " t was also ' E ' for ' Ecosse ' ( the French name for Scotland ) - and I might have added ' e ' for extravagance and ' e ' for escalation as well ! "
Construction of two prototypes began in February 1965 : 001 , built by Aerospatiale at Toulouse , and 002 by BAC at Filton , Bristol . Concorde 001 makes first test flight from Toulouse on 2 March 1969 , piloted by Andre Turcat , and supersonic first time on October 1 . The first British built Concorde flew from Filton to RAF Fairford on 9 April 1969 , piloted by Brian Trubshaw . As the flight program in progress, 001 start sales and demonstration tour on 4 September 1971. Concorde 002 followed on June 2, 1972 with a tour to the Middle and Far East . Concorde makes first visit to the United States in 1973 , which recently landed at Dallas - Fort Worth Regional Airport to mark that airport opening .
These trips led to orders for over 70 aircraft , but a combination of factors led to order cancellations : the 1973 oil crisis , financial difficulties airlines , a spectacular Paris Le Bourget air show crash of the competing Soviet Tupolev Tu - 144 , and the environment such as the sonic boom , takeoff noise and pollution In 1976, four states remained as prospective buyers : Britain , France , China , and Iran . In the end only Air France and British Airways ( the successor to BOAC ) took their order , with two pieces of government taking any profit . In the case of BA , 80 % of retained earnings by the government until 1984 , while the cost of buying the aircraft was covered by a state loan .
Two designs have been submitted ; the Lockheed L -2000 , looks like a scaled- up Concorde , lost to Boeing in 2707 , which was intended to be faster , to carry 300 passengers and feature a swing - wing design . Industry observers in France and the United Kingdom suggests that part of the Concorde against America on the basis of noise pollution are regulated by , or at least encouraged by , the U.S. Government , out of spite for not being able to propose a viable competitor , despite President John F. Kennedy's passionate commitment statement, 1963. Other countries , such as India and Malaysia , ruled out Concorde supersonic overflights due to noise concerns .
Demonstration and test flights were flown from 1974 onwards . Testing of Concorde set records that have not been exceeded ; prototype , pre - production and first production aircraft made 5,335 flight hours . A total of 2,000 test hours were at supersonic speeds . Unit Unit cost of £ 23 million ( U.S. $ 46 million ) in 1977 . The cost of building six times the projected amount .

Concorde is a supersonic aircraft ( aircraft with the speed of sound ) was first created in the 1950s the result of cooperation between the UK and France . Additional letter ' e ' in the name of British Concorde given as a thank you for the service of France in the manufacture of this aircraft . Concorde was first operated in 1969.
One of the unique things of this aircraft is part of the nose that can be bent . Overview bending Concorde nose just like accessories only.
However it turns out , the nose bending ( bending angle of 12.5 degrees to the 30 degrees ) needs to be done when trying to land that does not block the view of the Concorde 's nose toward the runway pilot airstrip below .
Concorde never had an accident on July 25, 2000 . It made people aware of the vulnerability of supersonic aircraft . Finally , coupled with the high cost of operations , since 2003 Concorde does not fly anymore , and the two airlines that operate it ( Air France and British Airways ) from the ranks of the retired aircraft fleet and an end to the era of supersonic flight .
During the first 20 years of commercial flight , Concorde carrying 3.7 million passengers . Jam - 13 aircraft to fly the Concorde now more than 200,000 flight hours . Of that amount , 140,000 hours of which is 140,000 flying hours over the speed of sound . The aircraft is also capable of carrying 144 passengers at a speed of Mach 2.04 ( 2,200 miles per hour ) at an altitude of 60,000 feet . That means the speed of Concorde 2 times the speed of sound, which is 1,200 km / h . With remarkable speed , the Concorde only takes 2 and a half hours from Paris to New York . In fact , the average plane normal distances should take more than 7 hours .
when penetrating the incredible speed , Concorde will issue a booming voice called SONIC BOOM . If it happens on land that is filled with housing , the effect of the sonic boom could break the windows of the house . Thus , the Concorde is only allowed to fly at incredible speeds is when it is above the Atlantic Ocean . When the Concorde was still flying over the mainland of Europe and America , Concorde cruised by using ordinary air speed , which is 600 km / hour .

Air France Flight 4590 crash.

Concorde suffered one fatal accident , the Air France Flight 4590 . The flight was scheduled flights special Concorde flight from Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris , France to New York , United States . According to the NTSB , the accident caused by a tire burst .

Specifications .

General characteristics .
Crew : 3 ( 2 pilots and flight engineers )
Capacity : 92-120 passengers ( 128 in high-density layout ) ( N 5 )
Length : 202 ft 4 in ( 61.66 m )
Wingspan : 84 ft 0 in ( 25.6 m )
Height : 40 ft 0 in ( 12.2 m )
Aircraft internal length : 129 ft 0 in ( 39.32 m )
Aircraft Width : up to 9 ft 5 in ( 2.87 m ) external 8 ft 7 in ( 2.62 m ) internal
Aircraft height : up to 10 ft 10 in ( 3:30 m ) external 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) internal )
Wing area : 3,856 ft 2 ( 358.25 m 2 )
Empty weight : 173,500 pounds ( 78,700 kg )
Useful load : 245,000 pounds ( 111,130 kg )
Powerplant : 4 × Rolls-Royce/SNECMA Olympus 593 Mk 610 afterburning turbojet.
Dry thrust : 32,000 lbf ( 140 kN ) each
Thrust with afterburner : 38,050 lbf ( 169 kN ) each
Maximum fuel load : 210,940 pounds ( 95,680 kg )
Maximum taxi weight : 412,000 pounds ( 187,000 kg ).
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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DatePublished : March 29, 2014 at 12.36
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Tag : Concorde.