Do You Know Angelfish.

Butterflyfish are a group of tropical marine fish of the family Chaetodontidae brightly colored; flag fish and coral fish are also included in this family. Most are found in coral reefs in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic, butterfly fish consists of about 120 species in 10 generations. A number of species pairs in the Indian and Pacific oceans, members of the genus are large, Chaetodon, and their taxonomy is often felt confused by what species of this genus are considered a species or subspecies. A recent study using data from DNA sequencing to answer many of these questions. Many subgenerasi also been proposed to divide Chaetodon, and now it becomes clear how the genus should be divided if it desired.
Butterfly looks like a small version of the fish injel (Pomacanthidae), but unlike injel fish, butterflyfish preoperkulum not have spines on the gill cover. Some members of the genus Heniochus like Moorish Idol (Zanclus cornutus) from the family monotipik Zanclidae. Among the "Perciformes" which parafiletik, injel fish may not be too far related to butterflyfish, whereas Zanclidae seem more distant.

Description and ecology.

Butterfly fish are generally small, mostly 12 to 22 cm in length. The largest species, striped butterflyfish and the saddle butterflyfish, C. ephippium, grows up to 30 cm. Her name refers to a light-colored body and figured prominently in many species, with a touch of black, white, blue, red, orange, and yellow. But some ordinary colored species. Many butterfly that 'eye spots' in his side and dark bands that pass through their eyes, similar to the pattern seen in the wings of a butterfly. Flat round body is easily recognizable in the abundance of coral reef life, so that people think that the striking color was intended for interspecies communication. Butterfly butterfly fish dorsal fin is not divided, rounded tail fin or appear truncated but not branched.
Generally active during the day and are often located in the shallow water depth of less than 18 m (although some species down to 180 m), butterfly generally tied to specific habitat range. Butterflyfish coral eaters are generally territorial, form mating pairs and their own claim ownership over coral. In contrast, eating zooplankton form the group of large numbers of species. At night, butterfly hiding among the corals and crevices and show different body colors from color during the day.
Their color also makes fish butterflyfish popular aquarium fish. However, many species eat corals, polyps and anemones. This poses a problem in most reef aquarium where delicate balance must be maintained. Therefore, the species is maintained at a hobby or a common food species specialist zooplankton eaters.
Butterfly fish is a fish that spawn pelagic, ie they produce a lot of eggs that float which later became part of the plankton, drifting drift until hatch. Her son through a stage called tholichthys, where the body of the fish covered pascalarva large slab of bone that extends from the head. The bone slab disappear when they grow up. Phase protected such slab was only seen in one other fish families, scat (Scatophagidae).

Taxonomy, systematics and evolution.

Name familia butterfly fish comes from the Ancient Greek word Chaite ("Hair") and odontos ("teeth"). This refers to the rows of teeth-like brush in his mouth.
Chaetodontidae can be divided into two lineages that may be considered as subfamilia. However this is not finished, and the subfamily Chaetodontinae name not be used because he is a relic of a time when Pomacanthidae and Chaetodontidae combined in Chaetodontidae as one family. Therefore, Chaetodontinae now considered a junior synonym of Chaetodontidae. In any case, one lineage Chaetodontidae (in the modern sense) consists of a butterfly "typical" around Chaetodon, while others combine the fish genus flag and coral fish. Because "Perciformes" very parafiletik, the exact relationship of Chaetodontidae overall less known.
The fossil record of this little group of fish. This is due mainly to the fact that they are limited to staying in the reef where the carcass is eaten by scavengers, offset by excessive growth of coral, even if they were fossilized likely sooner or later erosion will destroy their fossils. However, there Pygaeus, very basal fossils from the Eocene epoch-middle end of Europe, dating from the Bartonian 40-37 million years ago. So Chaetodontidae may come from middle-early Eocene. Molecular clock combined with the evidence given Pygaeus allows placement of the initial separation between the two major lineages until late-middle Eocene, along with several other fossils, allowing it to conclude that most of the living genus may now be different at the end of the Paleogene 23 million years ago.

Generation.

Line-fish coral fish flag can be further divided into two groups; this may be considered Tribus but not yet officially named. Genera listed sequentially or based phylogenetic calculated, from the most ancient to the youngest:

Flag fish / coral fish line 1:

Amphichaetodon
Coradion
Chelmon
Chelmonops

Flag fish / coral fish line 2:

Forcipiger
Hemitaurichthys
Heniochus
Johnrandallia Nalbant 1974 (including Pseudochaetodon)
Butterflyfish "typical" may consist of more genera; Chaetodon see article for details:
Chaetodon (including Parachaetodon and Roa)
Prognathodes (sometimes incorporated into Chaetodon).

Know the Moorish Idol fish By Easy.

Who does not know the fish moorish idol? Fish that are well known everywhere as a beautiful ornamental fish exquisite. Moorish idol fish has become a trend among lovers of ornamental fish aquarium fish because it has its own beauty both in terms of shape, shelter, color, size and many more that makes this fish to be excellent ornamental fish lovers. Now therefore the author here will discuss moorish idol fish in full in this short article to the reader all in order to know more again on this fish.
For some people Indonesia called butterfly fish. Butterfly fish are fish that the environment is in shallow tropical seas. Usually these fish are in depths of less than 18 meters because there are corals which became the main food of these fish. Nonetheless, there are number of little fish that plunge to depths of 180 meters. Her life in the more shallow coral reefs make it a place of life. These fish have a body that is small between 12 to 22 cm. It draws from moorish idol fish are active they are often good for swimming to and fro or foraging in the form of zooplankton during the day only, while in the evening they will break. Striking colors and varied body is able to provide its own beauty especially if kept in an aquarium but it will be dangerous if your aquarium containing coral reefs because the fish will be eaten away by this.

Moorish idol fish could be an option as ornamental fish in your aquarium because of its beauty. The downside is that the fish will eat the coral reefs in the aquarium if you put it. It's enough just to be authors explain, hopefully article about moorish idol fish know this can be useful for you all who read it in general as well as helping you to keep this fish with both specific to the aquarium and ornamental fish hobbyists. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 12, 2015 at 10:16

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Know Koi.

Koi (鯉?, English / kɔɪ /, Japanese: [koꜜi]) or in specific koi comes from Japanese, which means carp. More specifically refers to nishikigoi (錦鯉?, English /niɕi̥kiꜜɡo.i/), which is less meaningful carp were embroidered in gold or silver. In Japan, koi became a kind of symbol of love and friendship. This is because the koi are homophones for words that also mean affection or love. Koi fish is a kind of fish including carp (Cyprinus carpio) which has a very beautiful ornaments and benign. Koi are usually maintained as a garnish with the aim keindahkan and good luck in the home and outside the home (koi pond or water garden, because the koi fish is believed to bring good luck. Because the koi fish very close related to goldfish, and therefore in Indonesia, many people call fish koi carp.
Koi fish species differentiated depending on the color, pattern, and size. Some elements of the color is white, black, red, yellow, blue, and beige. The most well known types of koi is the kind of '' Gosanke '', which is made up of the Kohaku, Sanshoku Taisho, and Showa Sanshoku.

Type - the type of Koi.

Koi carp culture as ornamental fish originally came from Japan. Actually koi carp is the result of crossbreeding of multicolored goldfish (carp). Many years ago, farmers in Niigata Japan needs a source of protein during the long winter. They maintain the carp in the pond until they reach a certain size. In the end, the farmers realized that some of the carp have different colors, so that they continue to nurture and upbringing. From there the beginning of koi fish farming started so until several hundred years later progressing quite rapidly.

As the development of fish farming koi, koi fish species undergo development and growth into many types. The types are based on the color pattern koi, scales and others. In the end a lot of the types of koi fish koi fish arranged in a classification as identification. In each class there are several sub-categories are also quite a lot of variety. Koi fish are common classification consists of Koi types Gosanke, Shiro, Utsurimono, Asagi, Tancho, Hikarimono, Goromo, Hikarimoyo, Matsuba, and Kawarimono.

Some types of koi :

1. Gosanke

Koi Koi Gosanke classification is the most popular and commonly found among the fans Koi. Which are included in this category is the Kohaku, Sanke, and Showa. Family Gosanke a Koi combination with the color black, red and white. Except Kohaku who do not have an element of black color.

Kohaku
Kohaku Koi with a red and white colors. Red pattern called Hi. Hi should be thick with good edge. There are various differences in color pattern Kohaku. There are broken, there is a large and sweeping. Kohaku is good to have a pattern that does not go down past the eyes and balanced.

Sanke.
Sanke is the Kohaku koi like pattern (black and white), but they have a black pattern along their backs. Black pattern called Sumi. Looking for a good Sanke is like having a Kohaku Hi pattern. Black pattern may not appear on the head. Sanke is a cross Kohaku with Shiro Bekko.

Showa
Showa Koi color is White, Black and Red. Showa is usually the result of a cross between a Kohaku and Shiro Utsuri.

2. Bekko.

Shiro Bekko.
Shiro Bekko is a kind of white-skinned Koi with a black pattern of small pieces. Pattern (black) sumi on Shiro Bekko to be balanced and have sharp edges (Kiwa). Utsuri and Shiro Shiro Bekko have similarities, because the pattern of the same color. And the difference between Bekko Shiro Shiro Shiro Utsuri is on Utsuri has a pattern of black color larger black while Shiro Bekko have a little black.
Ki Bekko

Koi Ki Bekko is yellow with black pattern on it. As well as Shiro Bekko, but the basic color is bright yellow. Pattern (black) sumi on Ki Bekko to be balanced and have an edge (kiwa) sharp. Ki Bekko somewhat rarer than its cousin, Shiro Bekko.
Aka Bekko
koi Akabeko
Aka Bekko a red koi with black pattern on it. The black color form an interesting and beautiful spot.

3. Utsurimono.

Shiro Utsuri
Shiro Utsuri, a black and white koi with a unique color pattern and interesting. The head Shiro Utsuri consists of black and white, should not only consist of one color (Black only or white only). In contrast to shiro Bekko, shiro Utsuri a koi with black warnadasar.
Ki Utsuri

Ki Utsuri almost the same as Shiro Utsuri, only the Ki Utsuri color is yellow and black. Color pattern and the same assessment criteria with Shiro Utsuri.
Hi Utsuri

Hi Utsuri a Koi with red and black colors that form a unique and interesting pattern.

4. Asa

Asagi.
Asagi is a type of koi that has long existed. Asagi Koi blue with a red belly, beauty Asagi is on the main pattern that is scales that look like a pattern in the form of a thin net over the base color indigo. Ideally Asagi has a pure white head.
Shusui

Shusui is a type of family Asagi koi but do not have scales. Scales on Shusui only on the back only. Color scales are ideally dark and there along the back completely and neatly.

5. Tancho

Tancho Goromo.
Tancho Goromo is a koi that has a spherical pattern on the head, which is a pattern Goromo / wine.
TANCHO Kohaku

Tancho Kohaku are white koi with a red circle on the head. The more rounded and sharply increased the beauty of this type of koi.
TANCHO Goshiki

Tancho Goshiki has Tancho pattern on the head with color and body scales are kind Goshiki koi.
TANCHO Kujaku

TANCHO Sanke

6. Hikarimono

Hikarimono is metallic Koi or Koi with shiny golden color. Hikarimono color is a single color such as yellow sheen, orange and others. Also called Hikarimuji. Hikari means shiny.
Nezu Ogon, Koi with gray sheen
Orenji Ogon, Koi with orange sheen
Platinum Ogon, Koi gleaming white / silver
Yamabuki Ogon, Koi Color Yellow sheen

7. Goromo

Ai goromo
Budo Goromo
Sumi Goromo

8. Hikarimoyo

Kin Showa
Kujaku
Yamato Nishiki
Doitsu Hariwake
Kikusui

9. Matsuba

 Shiro Matsuba
Aka Matsuba

10. Kawarimono

Ochiba Shigure
Kumonryu
Beni Kumonryu
Benigoi
Karasugoi

11. Haijiro

Aka Haijiro
Chagoi
Kigoi
Midorigoi
Soragoi.

How To Maintain And Maintain Good Fish Koi.

Caring for and maintaining good Koi fish a must for hobbyists. Basic staple to keep in mind is an appropriate, within their water and feeding techniques.

Suitable Koi fish pond.

Koi fish can be kept in the pool cement, ground pools, garden ponds. Maintenance of koi fish in the aquarium is not recommended. Because koi need a broad and deep swimming area. In addition, koi beauty lies in the colorful back. If elegance is maintained in the tank body and the color does not look up.

Koi pond size is recommended at least 1.5m x 2m depths of 80-50cm. If pools are too shallow, the fish bodies will be constantly in contact with sunlight. Too much sun can change the color of koi body so pale and stunted growth.

Noteworthy distance to the lip of the pool water of at least 25cm is useful to prevent koi jump to the mainland. Swimming should be equipped sewer at the bottom. At the top of an installed pipes to deliver clean water that has been deposited.

Water For Fish Coins Good.

Filter four layers need to be installed to maintain cleanliness and smooth supply of water. Filters are four layers

- The first filter is composed of gravel, sand, and palm fiber filter function littering rubbish and mud pools.
- The second form of carbon zeolite filter function removes toxins, odor, and kill germs.
- The third filter in the form of non-lethal pesticide-degrading bacteria that play a role in the process of water purification pond.
-Filter Fourth form of plants or rocks that can bind to dirt.

The degree of acidity (pH) of water that is suitable for the growth of koi is from 6.5 to 8.5. To maintain the water circulation pump can be installed capable of delivering as much as 25 liters of water per minute. In this way, the pool water does not need frequent cleaning, but need to clean the filter and filter tub. How, spray filters with clean water about 5-10 minutes.

When using this filter, you should do the replacement of water every two weeks. The goal is to get rid of toxic substances from the leftovers are decomposed into nitrite are harmful to fish health.

Koi Fish Feeding way.

Feed serves to form an ideal body and brighten colors in koi fish, as well as its medium for treating sick koi fish. The type of feed given feed can be natural or artificial feed. The feed contains nutritionally balanced according to the needs of koi fish. Feed should be given twice a day, morning and evening so that the fish's nutritional needs are met.

The type of feed used to spur the growth of koi fish that ideal body is wheat germ. The feed is made of materials containing high protein such as, wheat, shrimp, fish meal and soybean meal.

Protein content of about 32%. Besides wheat germ also contains vitamins A, D, E, K, B2, B6, B12, niacin, vitamin C and other mineral elements such as calcium, choline chloride, panthetonate, trace minerals, and antioxidants.

Meanwhile, the feed to brighten / sharpen the color of koi is feed containing carotene. These substances can stimulate the appearance of color in koi fish. Naturally in the body there is a substance koi carotene form of antaxanthin produce a red color, and lutein creating a yellow-green color.

Koi fish feed containing such substances carotene; carrots, algae or algae Spirullina, and Chlorella, watermelon, cabbage, cabbage and green peppers. While the animals can be given feed of crabs, crustaceans, krill, trout, salmon, water fleas, mosquito larvae, worms hair, and blood worms.

With good koi fish is a fish pond suitable attention, water quality and proper feeding koi hobbyists who knows a champion, hopefully.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 12, 2015 at 09.57

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Do You Know Termites.

Termites are social insects member infraordo Isoptera, part of the order Blattodea (cockroach) is widely recognized as an important pest of human life. Termites eat wood and lodged in the frame home furnishing or causing many economic losses. Termites are still allied with ants, which are also social insects. In English, termites called "white ants" (white ant) ​​because of the similarity behavior.

Wood damage due to termite attack.

The term actually refers to the animal termites in general, but there are several different forms known as the ant colony or social bees. In the colonies, termites do not have wings. However, some form of winged termites can achieve that will come out of the nest in droves at the start of the rainy season (which is often a sign of a change to the rainy season) at dusk and fly closer to the light. This form is known as moths or termites.

Termite Control.

A study proves that the application of NE effective in controlling subterranean termites C. curvignathus. Subterranean termites are pests that have habitat specificity and have typical behavior. Termite colonies build his palace in the soil to a certain depth, even often looks firmly on the ground. Termite colonies in the soil could number in the hundreds of thousands to millions and led by a queen termite termites protected by thousands of soldiers in a sturdy building that is composed of soil. Habitat and behavior is difficult termites termite control using chemical pesticides because of the shape and nature of the pesticide does not support. Instead, use NE to control termites are very effective because mobility NE strongly supports the achievement of target pest accuracy and habitat NE accordance with termite habitat. Therefore, the results of these studies proved the high percent termite mortality due to NE application is very significant compared to the control treatment.

Termite life cycle.

Termite life cycle we can learn that we understand their life cycle that starts from the soft egg shape transparent orange and the next egg will hatch into larvae. Of these larvae will grow up and become a little termites commonly called nymphs. When growing up, the young termites will choose their role in large colonies in the group.

Termite eggs.

After hatching and becoming new termite known that these small termites into what kind of termites, so he could be a soldier termites, termites and termite workers queen and king termites. Most of them will be the worker termites. Termite workers in colonies numbering at most. As their work is finding and collecting food, caring for the parent and its larvae, building nests and improve both existing and new nests.
This kind of caste worker termites have the ability to digest cellulose contained in the wood, and then digest the wood to then be spit out and become food for the mother, the soldiers and the larvae. Termites This type is generally the most damaging many buildings are wood therein.
As for the types of termites are the most destructive Formosan termites because it has a very large colonies and spend most food among other termite species.

Termites workers

In addition there is also a worker termite nymphs which then became a termite soldier who served to keep a colony. However this type of termite has the disadvantage of this type of termite is not able to eat alone. They rely heavily on workers to provide them with regurgitated food. The soldier termites will cooperate with termite workers in finding and distributing food.

Termite soldier.

Termites sires in charge of production (Alates), termites are the future queen of a new colony of termites. Their body shape when the newborn is not as great when it became queen termites but still slim, of a termite kingdom only those who have wings. The wing is what is needed to move from one place to another in order to build new colonies in different places, two pairs of wings of the same size will appear on their backs.
Queen termites or termite sires we often refer to as moths and appear before the rain. Beautiful shape of their bodies to a class of termites (slim and winged) will not be able to last long. Because of this wing has the disadvantage that vulnerable and very fragile, and quickly fall out once they have found a place to build a new colony.
If elected to the queen, the body of the female moths will not be slim again and will be obese, because the purpose of his life until death is laying for the colony. Where they will continue to eat and eat again to be the most energy and raw materials into the eggs.
Termite queen and king termites in a colony there is only one king and one queen. Termite queen is also the world's longest living insect can live 50 years under the right conditions.

The queen termite.

When a termite colony becomes too great and the queen can not lay eggs enough to maintain it, sexual reproduction by reproductive termites would run to ease the burden of the queen. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 16:20

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Did you know Ants seedlings.

Nursery ants or insects Tomcat (scientific name: Paederus littoralis), also called Rove Beetles (Rove Beetle) or by the name of Charlie county Ants Kayap or in Indonesia, is the main group of segmented animals (arthropods) are included in the large family of beetles (Staphylinidae) , primarily distinguished by the short length of the protective cover wing ("sheathed wing") that left more than half of their abdomen open. With more than 46,000 species in the thousands of generations, this group is the second largest family of beetles after Curculionidae (actual beetle). These insects belong to a group of ancient insects, the insects tomcat known fossils from the Triassic Age or destruction of life on Earth about 200 million years ago.

Anatomy.

As might be expected for such a large family of beetles, there is considerable variation among species. The size ranges from 1 to 35 mm (1.5 inches), with most in the range of 2-8 mm, and generally elongated shape, with some insects tomcat rounded like an egg. Dark yellow body at the top, bottom abdomen (belly) and dark-colored head. Antenna beetle usually 11 segmented and filiform, with moderate clubbing in several generations of beetles. Normally, these beetles seen crawling around the region by hiding its wings and upon first glance it is more like an ant. If disturbed or threatened, the beetle will raise part of the abdomen so that he looks like a scorpion to scare the enemy.

Pemerian.

Tomcat does not bite or sting. Tomcat will automatically discharge when in contact or come into contact with human skin directly. Gravity, Tomcat will discharge this poison on items such as clothing, towels, or other objects. At certain insects, are suspected of fluid 12 times more powerful than cobra venom. Haemolymph fluid or toxin is referred to as 'aederin' (C24H43O9N) [8]. If it has been exposed to dermatitis, immediately clean sheets, handkerchiefs, towels, clothes or objects that allegedly exposed to toxins tomcat. Contact with these beetles when lying down or sleeping, destroy the body or brushing with dirty fingers will cause conjunctivitis and severe skin diseases that are recognized as 'dermatitis linearis', 'aederus (rove beetle / Staphylinidae) dermatitis'. If you see the Tomcat perched on hand, do not push or killed as deadly mosquitoes or other small insects. Tomcat should be blown up to go, or taken with care using hand tools or covered in plastic and dumped into a safe place. After that washing hands with soap and repeat again. If you can spray it with insecticide insects and removed without having to touch it directly. Indeed, this insect is a friend of the farmer as it is a natural predator for leafhoppers, one of the pests that became the main enemy of farmers. Tomcat is a group of agricultural insects, but in the last 3 to 4 years reported any health problems in humans caused by the insect.

Prevention.

Close the windows and turn off the lights when not in use because Tomcat like bright places. Do not wear revealing clothes to avoid direct contact with Tomcat. Mosquito netting should be given a window so that Tomcat can not enter. Be careful if you have small children who like to play near the plant and remove the plant from the house when the conditions are not maintained as it could potentially become a hotbed Tomcat.

Treatment.

If the skin is exposed to toxins Insect Tomcat immediately wash the affected skin with soap, should not be given toothpaste, eucalyptus oil, balm, oil wasps or powder as it will only worsen the situation. Tomcat toxin affected skin will be red inflamed like herpes but not the same. Treatment using the ointment and antibiotics. Usually hydrocortisone 1% or ointment and antibiotics neomycin sulfate betametasone 3 times daily or acyclovir ointment 5%. Inflammation can also be relieved by compressing the affected skin toxins with cold water.

Ecological benefits.

In nature, paederinae have a role as a predator is an insect that preys on insects or other arthropods. Paederinae an important predators on soybean, especially as Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar pest predators.

Identify Characteristics, Symptoms and Effects When Affected Insect Tomcat
Tomcat is a genus of insect insects Paederus. Characteristic Paederus which produce toxins called paederin. The toxin makes the blisters like burns and discharge. In several regions in Indonesia, Tomcat also known as Kanai ants or ant kayap. The term Tomcat allegedly taken from the name of American fighters. Tomcat size was only 7.5 - 8mm. Despite its small size, but the toxins released by these insects is more powerful than cobra venom. That is the reason why you should be wary of this insect Tomcat.
Characteristics and How to Recognize Insect Tomcat
Besides having the characteristic of producing a toxin called paederin, insects Tomcat also have other characteristics, such as:
Insect Tomcat sized adult body length of about 7.5-8mm
Old orange with black on the head, front wing, and the base of the belly
When viewed from the magnifying glass, the front wing has blue / green sheen colors

When symptoms arise Affected Insect Tomcat

Tomcat normally live in the area or plant trees and shrubs. When in danger, insect venom Tomcat will discharge as measures to defend itself from the threat of the enemy. Toxins "pederin" contained in this insect can cause quite painful effect on the skin. If contact, wash hands and skin with soap and water.
Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health (P2PL) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Professor Dr. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, describes clinical symptoms tomcat attack. Among others, the affected skin is usually in the area of ​​bare skin in a short time will feel the heat. Then after 24 to 48 hours will appear bubbles on the skin and surrounding red lesions resembling due to exposure to hot water or burns.
In the rare cases do not cause significant skin symptoms. Needs to be ensured if there is no history exposed to chemicals or burns. Then, lesions in the eye causes conjunctivitis, or commonly called Naerobi Eye.
How to Overcome and Treating Insect Tomcat When Affected
For treatment, Tjandra suggest if discovered this insect poison should not be squeezed so as not affecting the skin. Then insert the plastic to carefully and dispose of to a safe place. Immediately give running water and soap on the skin that come into contact with these insects.
Tjandra also said that in order to make sure there are no more insects, to prevent further lesions in the skin, compress the skin with an antiseptic solution cool. If already raised lesions such as burns, for continued treatment should check to the health center or the nearest hospital. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 14:13

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You know gecko fly.

Draco Volans or cekibar is a species of reptiles belonging to the tribe (familia) Agamidae. Another lizard chameleon and tribes still-soa soa (Hydrosaurus spp.). Flying lizards do not actually close relatives as well as a gecko (tribes Gekkonidae).

Cekibar village.

Cekibar village is a type of lizard fly often found in Java. These lizards are known by the scientific name Draco Volans Linnaeus, 1758. Local names are cekibar (Betawi), hap-hap (Sunda), and celeret Gombel or klarap (Java). In English is called gliding lizard or a dragon fly.
These animals spread from Thailand and the Malay peninsula in the west; Philippine Islands in the north; Sumatra, Mentawai, Riau, Natuna, Borneo, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku to the east.

Characteristics.

The size is rather small lizards, the total length up to 200 mm. Patagium ('wings') in the form of an extension of six pairs of ribs covered with leather. Top side patagium yellow to orange, black stained. The down side yellowish gray, with black spots.
Bumpy in the head, elbow-faceted and wrinkled like an old man; with a yellow chin pouch (male) or blue (females), and a pair of leather Sibir on both sides of the neck. Small crown Rigi, located on the back side of the head. Agamid typical lizard eye, with thick protruding eyelids.
Back (upper body) blackish brown or grayish, color can be darker or lighter when disturbed. Throughout the vertebrae (spine) there is a pattern of black spots on the usual location: on the crown, back of the head, neck, and then enlarged and turned into a brownish black circle pattern at three points on the back (spine) and one at the base of the tail, This type of color pattern is a good pseudonym bark.
Ventral (bottom side of the body) gray-whitish, slightly greenish in the medial (midline of the body); with brown dots in the lateral direction (side edge of the body). Tail about 1 ½ times the length of the body; striped in the end, with a scale that makes it seem more powerful in terms of air-side keel.

Habit.

Cekibar village commonly found in the yard, garden, secondary forest. Often these animals were observed hunting insects in bark-cabanarnog branch to the tree. Sometimes cekibar move by means of 'fly', ie jump and float from one tree to another.
In the breeding season, often encountered several men chasing women in the same tree. Storing eggs in the soil or humus at the base of the tree; women dig with muzzle.

Klarap.

One of the occupants in the coffee plantation is klarap lizard. Klarap it is a small lizard that lives at the base of a large tree. Klarap are predators that feed on insects in the garden. Klarap eat grasshoppers, crickets and other insects. When threatened by other creatures, klarap Bias drift avoid flying from tree to another. Usually klarap a stay in the tree itself and other klarap live another tree. Males have a "flag" yellow form of skin that are usually folded in front of the neck. When klarap a warning or a threat to klarap in another tree, klarap open "flag" it and show it in order not to be attacked by competitors from other trees. Klarap invertebrates such an important predator in the garden. Predators that feed on insects during the day, can reduce the number of insects, including some coffee pests. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
Author:
http://shema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/06/you-know-gecko-fly.html
DatePublished: June 1, 2015 at 12:30

Tags : You know gecko fly.
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Did you know Spiders.

Spider, also called spiders, is a kind of jointed animals (arthropods) with two body segments, four pairs of legs, wingless and do not have a mouth cud. All kinds of spiders in the order Araneae classified; and together with scorpions, scorpion, eight-legged mite-all incorporated into the class Arachnida. Field of study of spiders called arachnologi.
Spiders are predators (carnivores), sometimes cannibals. Its main prey are insects. Almost all kinds of spiders, with the exception of about 150 species of tribe Uloboridae and Holarchaeidae, and suborder Mesothelae, able to inject either through a pair of fangs to the enemy or prey. Nevertheless, tens of thousands of species, only about 200 species whose bite can be dangerous to humans.
Not all spiders make webs to catch prey, but all of them able to produce the silk thread-thin strands of protein fibers but strong-of glands (called spinnerets) which is located at the back of his body. The silk fiber is very useful to help the movement of the spider, swinging from one place to another, trapping prey, making egg sacs, protecting the nest holes, and others.

Morphology.

Spider anatomy :

(1) four pairs of legs
(2) cephalothorax
(3) opisthosoma
Unlike insects have three body parts, spider only has two. Segment front called cephalothorax or prosoma, which actually is a combination of head and chest (thorax). While the rear segment called abdominal (stomach) or opisthosoma. Between cephalothorax and abdomen are thin connective called pedicle or pedicellus.
At cephalothorax attached four pairs of legs, and one to four pairs of eyes. In addition to a pair of large fanged jaws (called chelicera), there are also a pair of mouth or some similar hand tools called pedipalps. In some types of spiders, adult males pedipalps on enlarging and changing the function as a tool in marriage.
Spiders do not have mouths or teeth for chewing. Instead, the mouth of the spider in the form of a vacuum to suck the prey's body fluids.

Senses.

Eyes on spiders generally a single eye (single-lens eyes), and not like the compound eyes of insects. Most spiders have a vision that is not so good, can not distinguish color, or simply sensitive to dark and light. Spider cave dwellers there are even blind. There are exceptions in some types of spider hunters who have sharp eyesight and good, including in recognizing colors.
To mark the presence of prey on spiders generally rely on vibration, either in nets silk or on land, water, or place its host. There is also capable of spider tasted the difference in air pressure. The sense of touch spiders located on the hairs on his legs.

Predation.

Most spiders indeed a predator (prey) ambush, waiting for prey passing nearby while hiding behind the leaves, layer of petals, crack rocks, or holes in the ground covered with camouflage. Some types have color patterns disguise herself on the ground, rocks or tree bark, so no need to hide.
Weaver spiders (eg tribal members Araneidae) make silk webs approximately spherical shape in the air, between the leaves and branches, in the face of the rock fissures, in the corners of the building, between the telephone wire, and others , These nets are attached, to catch flying insects that become prey. Once the insect is trapped webs, spiders immediately approached and thrust its fangs to immobilize the prey and simultaneously sends digestive enzymes into its prey's body.
Slightly different, spider hunters (such as tribal members Lycosidae) are usually more active. These types of spiders usual exploring the trees, the sidelines of the grass, or the surface of the rocky wall to find prey. This spider can catch up and jump for prey.
Can be injected through a spider's fangs are usually well as ingest and destroy parts of the body of the prey. Then slowly along the broken body fluid in the organ that is inhaled by the predator. Hours spiders suck the liquid dries up the carcass of their prey. Spiders have jaws (chelicera) strong, can more quickly spend their food by disrupting the body and crushing jaws and prey with its fangs it.  Live the rest of small balls that are crushed prey body had shrunk / shrivel.
Some spiders weaver has the ability to wrap the body of its prey with winding threads of silk. This capability is very useful especially if the prey has a self-defense tool that is dangerous, like a bee that has stung; or if the spider wants to save some time while waiting for their prey when preferred to enjoy it later.

Diversity Type.

Until now, about 40,000 species of spiders have been described, and sub-divided into 111 parts. However, given that this animal is so diverse, many of which are very small stature, often hidden in nature, and even many specimens in the museum that are not well understood, it is believed that the possibility of different types of spiders can reach 200,000 species entirely.
Order of the spider is further divided into three major categories at the level of the suborder, namely:

Mesothelae.

Is a primitive spider is not poisonous, the body segments are apparent; shows a closer kinship with the ancestor of arthropods jointed.

Mygalomorphae or Orthognatha.

Is a group of spiders that make hiding hole, and also makes a hole in the ground trap. Many large-bodied species, such as the tarantula.

Araneomorphae.

Is a group of spiders 'modern'. Most spiders we encountered belong to the suborder of this, given that membership consists of 95 parts and covers approximately 94% of the number of species of spider. Fangs of this group leads slightly tilted forward (and not straight as the tarantula group) and driven in the opposite direction as pincers biting prey.

Special Feature Spider.

Spiders are invertebrate animals that berbuku-book (arthropods). Characteristic of spiders the best known is that of eight feet and has the ability to make webs. Spiders are carnivores (meat eaters), but he can not jump or fly. So he must have a special ability to capture prey.

Some special features of spiders.

1. Make Nets

Spiders can make a web that comes from a very sticky saliva. So as to trap prey in the form of small insects that walk through the net. Thus, the spider can easily capture their prey.

2. "The Mouth" Shaped Like Vacuum Equipment

Spiders do not have a mouth or teeth. He preys on its prey by sucking body fluids prey. Spiders have a "mouth" that functions like a vacuum.

3. Sense of Touch at His feet Sensitive

Most spiders have poor eyesight. So as to determine whether there is a prey that has been trapped in his net, he uses the sense of touch in his legs to detect vibrations on their webs.

4. Have Could

Of the tens of thousands of species, only 150 species of spiders that do not have to. Can be used to kill its prey. Can be found in the fangs of spiders. However, only 200 species of spiders that could have harmful to humans.

5. Only Have Two Segments Body

Spiders have only two body segments unlike other insects have three body segments. Two segments that are prosoma (head and chest) and abdomen (stomach). Legs are in prosoma.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/did-you-know-spiders.html
DatePublished: May 28, 2015 at 18:16

Tags : Did you know Spiders.
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You Know Walang Sangit.

Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius, (Hemiptera: Alydidae); syn. Leptocorisa acuta) is an insect pest that became important in the cultivation of crops, especially rice. In Indonesia, this insect is called: sloth (West Java), pianggang (Sumatra), and quiet (Madura). These animals are easily recognizable from its elongated shape, measuring about 2 cm, gray brown, and has a "trunk" (proboscis) for sucking plant fluids. Walang sangit is of the order Hemiptera (true Ladybugs nation).
Walang sangit suck sap from the flower stalk (paniculae) and also liquid rice fruits that are still at the stage of cooking the milk, causing crop nutrient deficiencies and yellowing (chlorosis), and slowly weakened.
The name of these animals show a form of defense himself, which issued a stinging scent nose (so-called "sangit"). Actually, not only walang sangit that issued this aroma, but also many other Alydidae members.

Behavior and control interference.

Female insects produce 100-200 eggs, which are laid on the flag leaf of rice. His nymph green, which gradually becomes brown, and experiencing molting five times. Stadia nymphs occurred during 17-27 days. At suitable conditions, imago can live up to 115 days. Nymph and imago attack rice ripe fruit milk by sucking liquid fruit, so the fruit becomes empty. In the former stitches, raised a white patches caused by the fungus Helminthosporium. How to control it is by planting simultaneously, sanitation plants are attacked, or by spraying insecticide according to the recommended dosage.

Description Morphology and BioEkologi Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) on Rice.

Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius L) is one of the pests that attack rice plants. Symptoms of attack in the form of rice grains were empty because it was eaten away. This pest is now a common pest of rice crops and spread rapidly in all regions of the world.
In Indonesia walang rice pest is a pest potential at certain times become an important pest and can cause yield losses reach 50%. Alleged that the population of 100,000 birds per hectare can reduce up to 25% results. The results showed a population walang sangit 5 ​​mice per 9 clumps of rice will decrease 15% results. The relationship between population density walang sangit with decreased results indicate that the attack of the tail walang per panicle rice pest in one week can reduce the results of 27%.

Morphological characters Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius).

Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera, Family: Alydidae, Genus: Leptocorisa, Species: oratorius
Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) general morphology composed of antenna, caput, thorax, abdomen, front legs, back legs, front wing and rear wing. These insects have a hard front wings, thick and without veins. Membranus-type rear wing and folded under the wings of the insect while resting. The type of tool that is biting-chewing mouth with well developed mandibular capabilities. In some species, especially from the tribe formed Curculionadae tool muzzle his mouth formed at the front of the head.
Walang sangit young green leaves that resemble the colors to deceive the enemy and do not have the ability to fly. While the adult sangit Walang brown and have a good ability to fly. In general, walang sangit slim body shape, long legs and antennas. Walang rice pest eggs are round and flat, blackish brown. Laid eggs lined up, in one or two rows of eggs amounted to 12-16 grains.

BioEkologi.

Besides rice, walang sangit also have alternative host plants in the form of grasses, among others: Panicum spp; Andropogon sorghum; Digitaria consanguinaria; Eleusine coracoma; Setaria Italica; Cyperus polystachys, Paspalum spp; and Pennisetum typhoideum.
Walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius) undergo simple metamorphosis begins development of stadia egg, nymph and imago. Walang sangit adults lay eggs on the upper leaves of the plant, especially in the area of ​​the flag leaf of rice plants. 57-day old egg-laying period with a total production of eggs per stem + 200 grains. 7 days old egg stadia, there are five instar growth befallen the total length + 19 days. Preoviposition + 21 days long, so long the life cycle of the pest walang sangit + 46 days.
The eggs hatch into nymphs active after moving into the panicle rice grains are still looking stadia as eat, cook milk. And adult-befallen befallen on a hot day hiding under the canopy of the plants. Adult insects active in the morning to fly from clump to clump while the cost is relatively much happened in the afternoon or evening.
Walang mature rice plants flowering sangit moved to rice crops and breed a generation before the rice crop is harvested. The number of generations in a single stretch of paddy crop depends on the length and number of intervals of rice planting in the overlay. The more simultaneous planting the fewer the number of generations of pests walang sangit development.

The natural pest known walang sangit attacked by two types namely egg parasitoid Gryon nixoni Mesner and O. malayensis Ferr. The second parasitism parasitoids in the field below 50%. Observations were conducted in 1997 and 2000 in several areas in West Java showed parasitoid G. nixoni more dominant than the parasitoid O. malayensis. Parasitoid O. malayensis only found in rice planting areas in a rather mountainous area where many ditanaman besides rice planting crops such as soy beans or O. malayensis besides attacking eggs walang rice pest also attacks the eggs of pests and Nezara viridula Riptortus linearis which is a major pest of soybean plants. Various types of spiders and grasshoppers family Gryllidae and Tettigonidae be walang sangit pest predators. Fungus Beauveria sp is also a natural enemy walang sangit. This fungus attacks befall stadia and adults.

Environmental Factors.

Optimal temperature:

The optimal temperature for the proliferation walang Area sangit ie 27-30 degrees Celsius.

Time:

This relates to the time of day, afternoon and evening. Sangit walang afternoon time used to spawn. Besides the comparison phase of growth and development of plants also affects when walang rice pest will attack that primarily affects the young phase, whereas in the old phase (generative old age) walang rice pest attack and chose not to move to another host.

Habitat:

Habitats where land affects the growth and development of highly among others layout walang rice fields close to Perhutani, high sugar population and agricultural cultivation systems (planting synchronously).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/you-know-walang-sangit.html
DatePublished: May 28, 2015 at 10:47

Tags : You Know Walang Sangit.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW