Do You Know Gecko.

Gecko is the common name to refer to big lizard. There are many types of geckos, however, the term narrowly gecko ordinary paired for clan members Gekko, Gekkonidae tribe. While the gecko in layman's language generally refers to the house gecko (Gekko gecko), which has a wide distribution.
Gekko clan spread in South Asia and Southeast Asia, to the north up to Korea and Japan, to the east across the archipelago and the Philippines to the Solomon Islands and Santa Cruz in the Pacific.

Introduction.

Lizard-sized to large. Back skin covered by scales granular, mixed with a pimple rather large. Pupils upright oblong shape, with jagged edges. The radius of the front and rear legs fully grown, widened at the end, sometimes with a membrane in between the base of the fingers, claws (nails) contained in the outer radius, the bottom side of the finger with a series of adhesive pads (called scansor) are well developed and not split in (sharing). There is also a preanal pores or preano-femoral, and nodule post-anal.
These animals are most active at dusk and at night, although the sound is sometimes heard calling during the day. Geckos live in the holes of trees in the forest or in the cracks of rocks or caves; but some species also adapt to humans and the environment are commensal. Gecko hunt for various insects and other invertebrates as food, although it also does not hesitate to prey on other vertebrates are smaller in size. Gecko females usually pulled out a pair of eggs, which are stored attaches a hole in the corner or wall. A place to store eggs is used repeatedly by the same gecko.

Species.

So far, there were 44 species that are considered valid :

Gekko albofasciolatus
Gekko athymus
Gekko auriverrucosus
Gekko badenii
Gekko canhi
Gekko carusadensis
Gekko chinensis
Gekko crombota
Gekko ernstkelleri
Gekko gecko
Gekko gigante
Gekko grossmanni
Gekko hokouensis
Gekko japonicus
Gekko kikuchii
Gekko lauhachindai
Gekko melli
Gekko mindorensis
Gekko monarchus
Gekko nuthaphandi
Gekko palawanensis
Gekko palmatus
Gekko petricolus
Gekko porosus
Gekko Romblon
Gekko rossi
Gekko russeltraini
Gekko scabridus
Gekko scientiadventura
Gekko shibatai
Gekko siamensis
Gekko similignum
Gekko smithii
Gekko swinhonis
Gekko taibaiensis
Gekko takouensis
Gekko tawaensis
Gekko taylori
Gekko verreauxi
Gekko vertebral
Gekko vietnamensis
Gekko vittatus
Gekko wenxiaensis
Gekko yakuensis

Gecko.

Or more simply Gecko gecko is a type of reptile that into the class of big lizard, tribal Gekkonidae. Gecko has a scientific name Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758). Gecko term in everyday language usually refers to these animals. Meanwhile, in another language is referred to as a teapot reptiles or Tekek (Java.), Geckos (Sunda.), And tokay gecko or tucktoo (UK.).

Identification.

Lizard large, big-headed. The total length of 340 mm, almost half is the tail.
Dorsal (back side) rough, with many large nodule. Bluish gray to brown, with spots of red brick to orange. Ventral (stomach, lower body side) blue gray or yellowish vaginal discharge. Rounded tail, with six rows nodule; striped.
The radius of the front and rear legs fitted with suction pads called scansor, which is located on the underside of the finger. Pointless to cling on slippery surfaces. Thus, from the above fingers gecko appear to widen.

Ecology, behavior and deployment.

Geckos that are often found in trees in the yard and in houses, especially in rural and forest edges. Sound loud and distinctive territorial, Tokke ... tokkee ..., the basis mention of his name in a variety of languages.
Gecko eat various insects, other smaller lizards, small rodents and birds may also be small. Like the other lizards, geckos actively hunt mainly at night. Sometimes gecko fell also to the ground to catch their prey. In the afternoon, gecko hiding in holes of wood, stone pit, or in between the roof of the house.

Gecko eggs in a limestone cave crevice.

Gecko attach their eggs, which usually amounts to a pair and each attaches, in the crevices of tree holes; stone cracks; or, if at home, behind a cupboard or under the roof. This nesting site also often used by some geckos together. The eggs hatch after two months.
These animals are widespread from eastern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, through Myanmar, southern and eastern China, Thailand, Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Aru and the Philippine Islands ,

Why Valuable Geckos expensive.

Gecko, reptiles whose voices often appear in homes, gardens, buildings, or even forest is now the price is more expensive. Four-footed gecko-like lizard was more often found in the home and is now more easily available in the market for various purposes.

What makes gecko-priced? It was not because of his voice often sounds unexpectedly and repeatedly one period, but rather on the content of the gecko itself, which is automatic for use must be slaughtered or turned off.

House gecko or lizard Gekko gecko large Latin name known in some places as different, for example tekek or gecko, (Java), tokok (Sunda), and tokay gecko or tucktoo (UK).

Gecko has a large nodule on his back with a different color and it is one of the differentiator when compared to a small lizard. The color varies, from bluish gray to brown, with spots of red brick to orange.

The gecko belly color blue gray whitish or yellowish and the tail also has six rows nodule mottled. At the toes are suction pads so he can stick on walls or trees.

Gecko becomes expensive and sought after because it is said to cure people with HIV or AIDS. Deadly disease that attacks the body's immune system and there is no medical cure is capable of it. Therefore, the traditional ingredients of geckos believed to be the most efficacious herbs to it.

Part gecko tongue and blood reportedly contain substances that can fight the HIV virus. Gecko which has a property that is gecko weighs more than 3 ounces and alive.

Besides the tongue, bile gecko reportedly also efficacious for the treatment of people who have AIDS. News that makes people have to buy them at high prices in order to save his life.

Part bile geckos also contain anti-tumor compounds and cancer that can boost immunity.

As for since the days of the ancestors, the overall gecko meat can cure various diseases itch. Many people testified that itchy skin disease can be cured with gecko baked or fried.

Gecko prices vary depending on body weight and age gecko itself. Special location gecko sales in some regions, such as Jakarta, Batam, Banjarmasin, Makassar, Pontianak, Surabaya, Solo and other cities.

Jatinegara Market, Jakarta, there is also a livestock market that provides a wide variety of animals, and rare though, at a low price.

Price gecko weighing less than 1.5 ounces still in the range of Rp 200,000. However, when it is large, about 2 ounces, and is old, then the price could reach Rp 5 million.

If luck, then the seller can remove the gecko weighing more than 3 ounces or 4 ounces at a price of Rp 100 million. The price will be more expensive if it reaches one kilogram and purchased directly from buyers Korea, China, or Malaysia. Can cost more than Rp 200 million.

Giant gecko ever found in the interior of Borneo has a weight up to 64 kg and sold at a price of Rp 179 billion, was bought by businessman Korea through the Malaysia. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 25, 2015 at 16:34

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Do You Know Koala.

Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of marsupials (marsupial) typical of Australia and is the sole representative of the family Phascolarctidae.
In general, many say that the word koala comes from the indigenous Australian language, which means not drinking. Koala actually drinking water but is very rare because of the food, eucalyptus leaves, already contains enough water so that the koala does not need to come down from the trees to drink.
Koala can be found along the east coast of Australia from Adelaide to Cape York Peninsula, and as far inland as there is adequate rainfall to support forests suitable for koala.

Physical description.

Koala similar to the wombat (their closest relatives), but has a thicker fur and soft, larger ears, hands and feet longer equipped with a large and long claws to help her climb.
The severity varies from 14 kg to a large southern male, up to 5 kg for a small northern female. They are usually silent, but the male koala has a strong tailwind screams that can be heard almost a kilometer in the mating season.

Ecology and behavior.

Koalas live only on eucalyptus leaves. Eucalyptus leaves contain low amounts of protein, undigested substances in high levels, and contain phenol and terpene compounds that are toxic to other species. Such as wombats and lemurs, koalas have a low metabolic rate for a mammal and the rest motionless about 20 hours a day, on most of the time used for sleeping. They eat not depend on time, but usually at night. Koala generally consume 500 grams of eucalyptus leaves per day, chewing them until it becomes a smooth paste before swallowing. Heart separates toxic materials and ready to be discharged, and "hind gut" her (especially cecum) more likely to take the maximum amount of nutrients from food is low quality.

Popular culture references.

The popular culture of the West, koala usually described as something innocent and fun to be embraced or as a stubborn old man who was not easily convinced by things around.
The series of commercial advertisements, using the airlines Qantas Koala as a character who is always complaining about the reliability of flight.
Queensland Reds rugby team use the koala as its logo.
Australian children's show has the character animation The Koala Brothers.
Blinky Bill is a koala star in several books, TV shows, movies, and games.
"Koala Lumpur: Journey to the Edge" is a computer game with koala most of the main characters.

Koala as a pet.

Although it looks funny, koala is not generally used as pets because the koala does not match the suburban neighborhood. The Australian made koala as a pet is against the law.

Fingerprint.

Koala is one of only a few mammals that has a fingerprint. Koala fingerprints are very similar to human fingerprints; even under a microscope, it is very difficult to distinguish between them.

Australian researchers Do Research Complete About Koala.
A group of researchers in Australia started researching who claimed to be the most detailed study about animals koala has ever done before. This research took place in the 'capital' koala in Gunnedah, New South Wales.

Koala Researchers Dan Lunney, John Lemon and Dr Mathew Crowther at the Gunnedah Resource Centre.
Koala researcher Dan Lunney, John Lemon and Dr Mathew Crowther at Koala Research Centre Gunnedah, NSW. (Credit: ABC)
Gunnedah koala population is believed to have been reduced by more than half since 2008.

It is hoped this research can help to find out what the cause of the drastic decline. This study, among others, will investigate layers of soil and chemical, epidemic disease and koala movement in the region.

Owned mining company China Shenhua contributed funds amounting to $ 180 thousand for this research project. Other funds amounting to $ 400 thousand from the Australian Research Council and $ 30 thousand from the NSW Office of Environment Ministry also available.

The research team led by Dr. Mathew Crowher from the University of Sydney aims to uncover the cause of the decline in koala population.

"Researchers involved will be trying to ascertain what problems does that triggered the drastic decline in the koala population," he told ABC.

Later this research will develop recommendations on how the efforts to restore the animal population.

"We must protect the habitat of koalas and you also have to rehabilitate these habitats," he said.

"This research not only be able to know why koala numbers are declining in the region, but we are also to mitigate this decline in koala populations," said Dr. Crowher.

"We want to know how to rehabilitate the landscape and managing the landscape in the area that became the koala habitat," he added.

Koala, o 'the tree.

Koala is a tree-dwelling mammal that resembles a small bear gray. Koala including the types of marsupials, the female parent has marsupium (pouch). Koala brought her children were immature in the pouch. Koala is a plant-eating animals.

The name comes from the Aboriginal koala. The word koala means not drinking. Koala meet 90% of the water needs in the body of eucalyptus leaves. Koala eating eucalyptus leaves and drink only when they are sick or in drought conditions.

The origins of the koala is unknown. So far scientists can only deduce relationships are with other marsupial creatures. Fossil koalas also rarely found. Once upon a time, koala fossils ever found in northern Australia, age approximately 20 million years.

20 million years ago, Australia is a land lush tropical rainforest. It looks koala adapt over millions of years to follow climate change Australia. Another fossil koalas were also found. Uniquely, this is a giant koalas are estimated to live in the south of Australia 50,000 years ago. It looks like a giant koala giant ground sloth in South America.

Koala characteristics.

Koala has a hairy body, soft, and gray or brown on its back. Fur on the belly is white. Koalas living in the south have thicker fur than koalas living in the north. Koala in the northern part inhabit warm climates throughout the year so that it has a thinner fur.

Koala has a large hairless nose and round ears. Koala does not have a tail. Koala adult length of 64 to 76 cm with a weight of about 5 to 14 kg. Koala has long claws, powerful, and sharper to climb trees. Front paw has two thumb for grasping branches. The second and third claws are on the back foot.

Koala body shape more or less similar to the wombat, bandicoot is still one relative with a koala. It's just that koala fur is thicker, larger ears and longer legs and arms.

Koala is one of the few mammals that has a fingerprint. Koala fingerprints are similar to humans, even be seen under an electron microscope was still similar. Human fingerprints and koalas are difficult to distinguish.

He is silent nocturnal animals (live active at night). However, male koala like shouting to be heard in the distance of 1 km in the mating season. Female koala koala males measure the size of the volume of the voice screams. They tend to prefer larger males koala.

While under pressure, koala usually screaming and crying, much like a human baby. Koalas living in the wild is unknown period of his life, but koalas who live in captivity can live to the age of 18 years.

Types of Koala.

Koala actually do not have a scientific species variation. However, the Australian koala discriminate based on where his life, where life is different because of different physical characteristics as well. Here it is some kind of koala:

1. The typical Victorian Koala.

Because living in southern Australia cooler, Victorian koalas have thicker fur and a long, gray color younger with the back and back of the hand color beige-brown. Brightly colored belly and ears covered with soft white fur.

2. Koala typical New South Wales.

Koala who lives in New South Wales has a weight from 8.5 to 12 kg; which means that relatively larger than Victorian koalas. Its fur is thin and soft gray and a bit messy.

3. Koala gold.

Koala koala is gold that has little golden color in their feathers. Koala gold is actually an albino koala. He needed (or did not have) the pigment melanin.

Koala habitat and food.

Koala inhabits the region of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. Habitat varies from coast to eucalyptus forests. Koalas live in groups.

Koala is a territorial animal. They require a large area in order to maintain the population and as a means of koala-young koala to expand. Koala communicate with the group by using a sound resembling snoring or burping.

Koalas eat the leaves and shoots of eucalyptus trees. In Australia there are more than 600 species of eucalyptus. However, koalas only eat about 20 species of eucalypts.

In certain areas, there are only three to four species of eucalypts are eaten regularly. Sometimes koala also eat other species and trees or simply used as a bed.

Because very fond of eucalyptus leaves, a koala can stay all day in a eucalyptus tree. Eucalyptus leaves has a low protein content, hard (old) digest, contains phenolic and terpenes are toxic to many species.

Such as wombats and lemurs, koalas have a very slow metabolism. He was a very rare move, could silence for 16-18 hours in a day and most of the beds. Koala can be very aggressive to others. Aggressive attitude shown by their front legs to kick and bite her enemies. Koala is also sometimes involved in a brief scuffle.

5-6 hours a day in the life koala spent on eating. They like to eat at any time, but most often in the evening. In one day, a koala usually takes 500 grams of eucalyptus leaves; chew until really soft and then swallow it. Liver koala can neutralize toxins contained on this leaf.

Koala Life Cycle.

Koala mating season ranges between August and February. In that season, koala males will "shout" to attract females. At that time also, the young koala from the previous year is ready to leave the mother and live independently.

After mating, 35 days later, the baby koala is born. Baby koala called a joey. About 2 cm in length with a weight of less than 1 gram. Koala baby body pink, hairless, without ears, and blind. Instinctively, the baby koala will move towards its parent belly and finds its way into the pockets.

Inside the pouch, the baby koala paste mouth on the nipple parent. The nipple is then enlarged in the baby's mouth so that the nipple koala mother will not be released. The female parent is able to tighten the muscles of the stomach pouch openings so the baby koala will not fall out.

After birth, the baby koala is in its mother pouch for 6 or 7 months. Koala baby to suckle its mother from the stomach pouch. At the age of about 22 to 30 weeks, the mother feeding her baby with a kind of porridge that comes from the mother's food, undigested.

It aims to train a baby koala in order to adapt to the actual food, the leaves of eucalyptus. Once out of the pouch, the baby koala hanging on the back of the female parent. However, they are still breastfeeding until the age of one year.

Koala Conservation.

Koala now on the verge of extinction. In the wild, there are only about 100,000 koalas were still alive. Koalas are threatened with extinction due to being hunted in the 20th century for its coat or used as pets. Now, maintaining koala is unlawful. Live koala habitat loss also caused the presence of koala increasingly cornered.

To protect it, the Australian government issued an announcement that the koala is no where else in Australia (especially in Queensland and New South Wales) is a protected animal as endangered.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 25, 2015 at 12:41

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Did You Know About Mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes are insects belonging to the order Diptera; genera include Anopheles, Culex, Psorophora, Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Sabethes, Wyeomyia, Culiseta, and Haemagoggus for an aggregate amount of about 35 genera that summarizes 2700 species. Mosquitoes have two wings scaly, slim body, and six feet long; interspecies varies but rarely exceeds 15 mm.
In English, the mosquito is known as the "Mosquito", is derived from a word in Spanish or Portuguese, which means small flies. The use of the word Mosquito started since the year 1583. In the United Kingdom mosquito known as gnats.
In the female mosquito, mouth parts form a long proboscis to pierce the skin of mammals (or in some cases birds or even reptiles and amphibians) to suck blood. Female mosquitoes need protein for egg formation and therefore mosquito diet consists of honey and fruit juices, which do not contain protein, mostly blood-sucking female mosquitoes need to obtain the necessary protein. Males differ from female mosquitoes, with mouth parts not suitable for blood sucking. Rather complicated female mosquitoes of the genus, Toxorhynchites, never suck blood. This large mosquito larvae are predators of mosquito larvae others.

Male mosquitoes.

Female mosquitoes.

Reproduction.

Mosquitoes experienced four stages in the life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Tempo first three ranks depending on the species - and temperature. Only female mosquitoes who suck the blood of their prey. and it has absolutely nothing to do with eating. Because, in fact, both males and females eat the liquid nectar of flowers. because the female mosquitoes nourish their eggs. The eggs of the mosquitoes need protein found in blood to develop.
Phase mosquito development from egg to become adult mosquitoes is fabulous. Mosquito eggs are usually laid on damp leaves or dried ponds. Site selection is done by the parent mosquitoes by using the existing receptors under her abdomen. These receptors function as temperature and humidity sensor. Once a place is found, the mother mosquito began incubating eggs. The eggs of less than 1 mm, arranged in a striped, either in groups or one by one. Some mosquito species lay their eggs close together to form a raft that could consist of 300 eggs.
Done it, the eggs during the incubation period is (incubation). In this period, perfect incubation occurs in winter. Once the larvae start out from their eggs all in about the same time. Mosquitoes child or ENCU Until this growth cycle is completed in its entirety. Mosquito larvae will change its skin as many as two times.
Finished shedding its skin, mosquitoes are in the transition phase. This phase is called "pupa". In this phase, the mosquitoes are very susceptible to leaks pupa. In order to survive, before pupae ready to change skin one last time, two pipe mosquitoes appeared on the water. The pipe used for breathing apparatus.
Mosquito pupa in a cocoon that is quite mature and ready to fly with all its organs such as antennae, trunks, feet, chest, wings, abdomen and large eyes that covered most of his head. then cocoon pupa torn at the top. Level when mosquitoes that have emerged are full most dangerous level.
Mosquitoes have to get out of the water without direct contact with the water, so that only her feet were touching the water surface. This speed is essential, although the thin wind can cause death. Finally, mosquitoes took off for its maiden flight after about half an hour break.
Culex tarsalis can complete its life cycle in 14 days at 20 ° C and only ten days at a temperature of 25 ° C. Most species have a life cycle as short as four days or up to one month. Mosquito larvae are known as larvae and found to be in any former contains water. Larvae breathe through air ducts which are at the tail end. Pupa usually as active larvae, but breathe through the horn thorakis contained in the bight thorakis. Most larvae eat the microorganisms, but some larvae are predators for larvae of other species. Some mosquito larvae as Wyeomia live in exceptional circumstances. Larvae of these species live in stagnant water in epiphytic plants or in stagnant water in a pot tree apes. Wiggler Deinocerites genus species living in the hive crabs along the coast.

Epidemic of a disease.

Most modern mosquito group no longer depend on insect toxins harmful but lead to specific organisms that eat mosquitoes, or infecting them with diseases that kill them. Things like that can happen even in the Protected Areas, such as "Forsyth refuge" and the Seaview Marriott Golf Resort, where a flock of major mosquito implemented and monitored using "killifish" and young eels. The impression in the document by using advanced microscope under water as ecoSCOPE. However, outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases still cause ejection with chemicals that are less toxic than those used in the past.
Dragonflies, also known as mosquito hawk a memorable escort agency. Dragonfly larvae (naiads) eating larvae in water storage as well as adult dragonflies hunt and eat adult mosquitoes, especially the Asian tiger mosquito that flew during the day. Ejection mosquitoes could aggravate the situation and increase the mosquito population within a long-term future if it were Ejection was eliminated Almi dragonflies and other predators.
Most mosquitoes capable of transmitting diseases such as malaria protozoa, filarial diseases such as elephantiasis, and congenital diseases such as yellow fever virus, dengue fever, encephalitis, and West Nile virus. West Nile virus is spread inadvertently to the United States in 1999 and in 2003 had spread to all the states in the United States.
Weight mosquitoes only 2 to 2.5 mg. Mosquitoes are able to fly between 1.5 to 2.5 km / h.
Mosquito repellent usually have the following active ingredients: DEET, Catnip oil distillates - Nepetalactone, Citronella or eucalyptus oil distillates.

Causes itching.

Mosquitoes can always find a target precisely because they saw the movement, body heat and body odor. When a mosquito landed on her body pressed straw-like mouth which is also called proboscis. Then there is the knife that will tear the victim's skin back and forth to find the vein, after which new blood that is sucked. In the process of mosquitoes also secrete saliva, which contains anticoagulants to prevent blood clot which he smoked. This process is rapid and as if the process that occurs when the body is pierced mosquito is not so, we dissect mosquitoes like a surgeon quickly and accurately. After mosquitoes gorged he would revoke probiosis and fly. Mosquito saliva left on the victim's skin to stimulate the body like foreign objects interfere, there was a process known as allergy, and what happens is the bumps and itching.

Mosquito repellent plants.

There are some plants that can ward off mosquitoes:
Because the smell of flowers or leaves:
Marigold
Ageratum
Geranium
Juice smeared on the body:
Rosemary
Catnip
Citronella / Oil Citronella
Tansy
Basil.

Differences Mosquitoes and Mosquito Males Females.

To distinguish between male and female mosquitoes mosquitoes, there are several ways that can be done practically. Ways to distinguish the two is as follows:

Body Shape

Mosquito's body is composed of three parts, namely the head, chest, and abdomen. At the head there is a pair of compound eyes and antennae are hairy. Tool female mosquito's mouth-suction-type piercer (piercing-sucking) and including more human like (anthropophagus), while the male mosquito's mouth parts are weaker and is unable to penetrate the human skin, because it pertained to prefer liquid plants (phytophagus). Female mosquitoes have type-Pilose antenna, whereas male mosquitoes plumose type.
Judging from his size, males are generally smaller when compared to the female mosquitoes.

Mosquito sound

The sound of mosquitoes at night, such as helicopters that fly to the ear, is very disturbing. In a study by a team of researchers from Cornell University in New York recording the buzzing of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes produce a buzzing sound by flapping its wings at different speeds per second. Wings of male mosquito sound frequency range of 550-650 Hz, while the female mosquitoes the range of 350-450 Hz (or wings per second).
Mosquitoes usually buzzing in pairs. Nearly 70 pairs of flapping wings with the speed or frequency of the base, so it sounds harmonious and match each other in a certain way. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, stud change the speed wings 2 times the initial frequency to match harmonization with females. When these mosquitoes mate fit, then it will produce mating duet about 1,200 Hz.
Sound produced by mosquitoes indicates a desire to mate. And a match between the sound frequency of male mosquitoes and female mosquito (around 1,200 Hz), indicating that the mosquitoes were dating / match for mating. If the frequency of the sound does not match, then there will be no marriage. Researchers estimate, the hum of wings is a form of sexual selection were used female mosquitoes to test fitness levels males before mating.

Activity.

Activities males with female mosquitoes are very different. Activity is meant here is the blood sucking activity. Only female mosquitoes who bite humans, whereas male mosquitoes do not. Female mosquitoes bite and suck blood not for food, but only to provide nutrients for her eggs.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 25, 2015 at 10:31

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Weak indications Assad regime.

Anti-terror war is never easy. Even for the United States though. Quasi-superpower become the world's policeman was overwhelmed by the terror that emerged in various parts of the world. Not only terror that threaten human lives, but also the terror that threaten cultural sites, such as is happening in Syria, precisely in Palmyra recently.

ISIS militants never give up. Had not heard incessant attacks after the murder of western hostages, the radical group through the media again adorn the destruction and looting of historic sites, the latest one is Palmyra.
"Against ISIS is like one step forward, but two steps back," said Michael Rubin, former Pentagon official in his article in the New York Post Friday local time (22/5), because ISIS is not easily defeated. Which grew out of the militant Islamic Shari'a-based organization was too persistent to be conquered in a large-scale air strikes or large-scale ground offensive.
Iraqi forces, according to Rubin, is okay to retake the city of Tikrit from the hands of militants, as well as Kurdish Syrian troops who recently successfully drive out of town Kobane ISIS, but the success of ISIS in Palmyra claimed has made the world anxious. Again militants that nest at the border of Iraq and Syria that showed his toughness by controlling the historic sites.
"When compared with the ancient cities of Iraq previously under their control, Palmyra clearly more strategic because of its location on the border of the two countries," said Rubin. The man who is now listed as one of the experts at the American Enterprise Institute was added, quietly ISIS still formulating tactic to break the opponent's movement.
With seize Palmyra, ISIS tantamount have defeated the regime of President Bashar al-Assad, because that is the pride Syria Palmyra was also one of the valuable assets of Assad.
By stealing the cultural heritage sites, ISIS has taken pride forced Syria, particularly Assad. This is both a threat to Damascus that Syria is fighting against other militants.
On the other hand, Palmyra is the biggest site of ancient Roman relics are located outside the city of Rome, Italy.
When compared to other sites, Palmyra is also much more sustainable because the government care and routine care. Therefore, the loss of Palmyra will be much more painful.
"The fall of Palmyra to the hands of ISIS will be a story that is remembered from generation to generation for a long time," said Rubin.
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DatePublished: May 24, 2015 at 14:23

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ISIS increasingly sadistic.

Palmyra was on the verge of collapse.

In the hands of the Islamic State (IS), the world heritage sites of UNESCO version destroyed. City of Nimrud, Hatra, Nineveh and Mosul Museum in Iraq marred by brutal. Now the militants were previously known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) that dominate the old city of Palmyra, Syria. Many people are afraid of the world heritage will be in the same boat with the other old town controlled by al Qaeda militant splinter it.

Syria has a variety of ancient cultural heritage that is scattered in various parts of the country, but among the historic sites, Palmyra is the most beautiful. You could say it is a gem of all the sites in Syria. Thousands of tourists pouring into the city before the civil war in Syria occurred. Currently the old city that are designated as world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1980, has fallen completely into the hands of ISIS. A matter of time until the city was turned to rubble after being destroyed ISIS meaningless.
"We think this is a frightening development (from ISIS)," says the founder of the archaeological institute Paulson Institute Deborah Lehr.
"Culture is an important part to know who we are," he added.

Until Friday evening (22/5), ISIS has not destroy the sites in the city of Palmyra, but this time the Syrian government has lost contact with the Palmyra. Director of Antiquities and Museums of Syria Museum Maamoun Abdulkarim fear events in Nimrud and Museum Mosul, Iraq will be repeated in the country. When succeeded in occupying Nimrud, ISIS destroyed most of the city's historical heritage.
"Nobody knows what their plans are. But I think they can destroy antiquities as they did in Iraq," said Abdulkarim. Palmyra there are ancient tombs, Colosseum, temples and various other Roman relics coming from two thousand years ago.
"Tomb Tamourian have seen ISIS statues as idols to be destroyed," he added. Though based on a statement from Al-Azhar University, Egypt, the destruction of cultural heritage is prohibited in Islam.

Director-General of UNESCO Irina Bokova asserted, ancient objects in Palmyra is a treasure trove of history that can not be replaced. He asserted that the destruction in Palmyra not only war crimes, but also a very big loss for humanity.
"We have to make everything possible to prevent destruction (Palmyra). We need a large movement of the international community," he said.
The Syrian government itself seems to already know that Palmyra became the target and would fall into the hands of ISIS. Since ISIS towards Palmyra two months ago, the Syrian government has secured most ancient relics in the city. Massive displacement conducted this month when the position of the Syrian forces increasingly cornered. However, some of the artifacts have been stolen and smuggled out of Syria.

Historic objects are believed to have been sold to criminal networks along the border and auctioned on the international black market. UNESCO itself has been petrified Syrian government to move artifacts out of the war zones. They also train border officials and Interpol as well as an auction clerk Syria to detect objects looted art.
"We made great efforts to objects (historic) which can be moved to a safer location," said officer UNESCO World Heritage Centre in Paris Karim Hendili.

It is unknown what the historical objects that have been lost or damaged due to the war in Syria. Currently historians can only wait until the ISIS post videos destruction in Palmyra to know a part of history that has been destroyed.
"Before the turbulent civil war, there are about 65,000 residents of Palmyra," said Associated Press yesterday (23/5).
Post-2011, that number had decreased significantly and are now residents of Palmyra is getting slightly, largely fled to safety. They clearly do not want to end up like the city or town Hatra Nimrud which also falls into the hands of ISIS and destroyed at the hands of the militants were very cruel.
"Palmyra has its own place in the hearts of the citizens of Syria. Palmyra is very special. The people of Syria are very proud of him," said Salam Al-Kuntar, the Syrian archaeologists also listed as a graduate student University of Pennsylvania. He added that Palmyra is not only beautiful and elegant, but also important for the civilized world. Thank ksih have read this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/isis-increasingly-sadistic.html
DatePublished: May 24, 2015 at 13:26

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Did You Know About Fruit Tin.

Fig fruit is a kind of fruit that can be eaten coming from West Asia. Fig name derived from Arabic. Fig or Ficus carica scientific name is actually still relative to the banyan tree and grow from the Balkans to Afghanistan and that is now cultivated in many other places around the world.

Now cultivated also in Australia, Chile, Argentina, and the United States.
Habitus in the form of trees, large and can grow up to 10 m with soft stems are gray. The leaves are quite large and curved in, 3 or 5 lobes.
Tin flower does not appear as protected by the basic interest shut so calculated fruit. Pollination is done by a special kind of wasp, just like the insects that pollinate other types of Ficus.
The so-called fruit is actually a flower that forms the basis of the sphere. This type is typical for all members of the tribe ara-ara's (Moraceae). The fruit is a length of three to 5 cm, green. Some cultivars changes color to purple when ripe. This tree sap issued can irritate the skin.

Maybe for some people is not foreign to hear the name of the fig, because the fruit is also used as the name of the letter on the holy book of Islam. But maybe for some people fig name may not sound familiar, even not many people who have tasted the fruits of tin. In Indonesia today there are some places that have started to cultivate figs. Although initially fig trees can not be found in Indonesia, but this time we started many find fig trees and figs are sold in the market.

Benefits And Ingredients Fruit Tin.

The fig is a fruit that knows no season, so the fig tree fruit throughout the year. The fig is a fruit that is special, but because the uniqueness of the fruit is also because of the benefits for health. Fig fruit has many varieties, one of the varieties of figs are the most famous in this country is the fig Jordan. The fruit's unique is increasingly black color, the sweet taste of the fruit.

Many of the benefits that can be obtained from fig. Fig fruit contains potassium, omega 3 and omega 6 which serves to keep high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. Fig fruit is also beneficial to ward off attacks prostate cancer because it contains coumarin. Fig fruit is also rich in calcium so as to maintain bone health in order not to loss and avoid osteoporosis and improve bone density.

Figs also contain tryptophan useful for improving the quality of a good sleep and prevent insomnia. The content of pectin in the fruit tin also beneficial for lowering blood cholesterol levels. Fig fruit is also rich in fiber, so it is good to help the process of weight loss. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunanobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/did-you-know-about-fruit-tin.html
DatePublished: May 21, 2015 15:20

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Fruit yam.

Yam (Dioscorea esculenta L., tribal gadung-fake or dioscoreaceae) is a tuber crops that are now difficult to find in the market. Planting is still quite widespread in rural although also increasingly endangered. Yam produce edible tubers. Bulbs are usually boiled and chewy texture. Yam tuber to tuber Dioscorea bulbifera similar, but smaller.
Yam plant vines and its propagation rotates to the right (clockwise when viewed from above). The trunk is rather thorny.
Yam considered a potentially large plants in the future. Various research to conserve biodiversity and tuber processing (made into ethanol or alcohol) was carried out.
The name "yam" is also used in one of the comic strip "Flag Koming", namely the wife of his friend: "Ni Dyah Woro yam".
In English known as the lesser yam yam.

Utilization of yam (Dioscorea esculenta) as Substitute Raw Materials Ice Cream to Reduce the Risk of Obesity.
In general, nutrition or food consumption divided into two staple food and food additives. One of the extra food that is often consumed by children of school age is ice cream. In addition to ice cream flour-based food products in Indonesia, many in the market, for example noodles, bread, and cookies. It is tidaksejalan with still imported flour from other countries because of the difficulty of wheat grown in the region of tropical Indonesia. Foods made from wheat flour dominate the market including ice cream that is a favorite food of most of the people that are made from skim milk imports. Growing opinion in society that the ice cream with the physical structure and unique flavor is able to suppress a sense of stress and evoke the mood. But behind the delicious taste of ice cream that contains several components that are harmful to health. Given ice cream fans most of the school-age children consume healthy ice cream must try.

Ice cream is one of the high-energy food products, this is because the main raw material of ice cream is milk. In general, the ice cream is sold in the market is composed of dairy ingredients and some components such as emulfier, CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) as a stabilizer and is still imported from other countries. Besides high food consumption habits of energy, including ice cream, be one of the causes of obesity. Based on research conducted by Sari, Verani Puspita (2012) there is a significant relationship between body mass index on learning achievement. In that study revealed that a high body mass index exceeds normal limits lowered learning achievement. In addition, research conducted by the Princess, and colleagues (2013) also revealed the same thing.

According to Sherwood (2001) consumption of high-fat diet can reduce levels neutrofik factors in the hippocampus. In addition hippocampus is a part of the brain that functions integrate sensory stimuli received during the process of learning by Wernicke's area with existing memory into long-term memory. It required a material that is relatively easy in nature can, native to Indonesia so as not to have to import from abroad.

For the necessity of natural raw material offers as a substitute for raw materials in the form of additional food is ice cream yam Dioscorea esculenta and several plant bulbs. Several studies conducted to determine the benefits of yam, among others, by Moongngarm A, Trachoo, Sirigungwan N. and N. (2011) associated with Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrate compound (LMWC) on a variety of tubers. In addition to research conducted by Prameswari, Dwi Rizki and Estiasih, Teti (2013) revealed that yam is also a potential source of carbohydrate, protein, low-fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, dietary fiber, vitamin B6 and C.

According to Boban et al (2006) in Harijono, et al (2010) revealed that yam (Dioscorea esculenta) contains glucomannan which can potentially in the field of food and health industries. Foods that are high content of glucomannan can improve glycemic control and lipid profile. In the field of food glucomannan can be used as a food additive as a stabilizer, Ekelman and Dannan, (2009) in Harjono, et al (2010).

Research conducted by Zubaidah, Elegant and Akhadiana, Wilda (2013) reveals the benefits of insulin contained in yam (Dioscorea esculenta). Inulin is a polymer of fructose whose components are composed of β chain (1.2) fruktofu- ranosida. Inulin including long-chain carbohydrates with 2-60 units. Long-chain inulin (22-60 units) is less soluble and more viscous so that it can be used as a fat substitute.

Inulin is one component of food which is widely used as a functional food because it has a high fiber content. Inulin is a prebiotic which inulin can not be digested by digestive enzymes, but in the large intestine inulin will be fermented by bacteria Bifidobacterium are many health benefits to the body (Zubaidah, Elegant and Akhadiana, Wilda 2013).

Based on the benefits of yam (Dioscorea esculenta) which has a variety of chemical compounds, the yam can be used as raw material for the manufacture of food supplements in the form of ice cream. Research conducted Dewanti, Fanny Karina (2013) on the physical properties of ice cream ice cream which revealed that the raw material is replaced with bulbs do not have a flavor that is much different from the usual ice cream and still in demand. In terms of health ice cream with raw materials yam has a smaller risk of obesity and able to assist the digestive process. For the use of yam as a raw material for making ice cream is one of the efforts to use local food in order to build competitiveness. Indonesia has a tropical climate diversified capable overgrown plants can be pursued to keep on digging and utilized optimally.

Fruit Nutrient content of yam.

Yam is a common foodstuff consumed by the people of Indonesia. Yam contains energy of 95 kilocalories, protein 1.5 g, carbohydrates 22.4 grams, 0.1 grams fat, 14 milligrams of calcium, phosphorus 49 milligrams and 1 milligram of iron. Also in the yam is also contained as much as 0 IU of vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C 0.05 milligrams to 4 milligrams. The results obtained from conducted research on 100 grams of yam, the amount that can be eaten as much as 85%.

Detailed information Composition Nutrition / Nutritional yam :

Name Foodstuffs: yam
Other name / Alternative: -
The number yam studied (Food Weight) = 100 gr
Part yam that can be consumed (BDD / Food Edible) = 85%
Total energy content of yam = 95 kcal
Total Protein Content of yam = 1.5 gr
Total Fat Content of yam = 0.1 gr
Total Carbohydrate Content of yam = 22.4 g
Total content of Calcium yam = 14 mg
Total Phosphorus content of yam = 49 mg
Total content of Iron yam = 1 mg
Total content of Vitamin A yam = 0 IU
Total content of Vitamin B1 yam = 0.05 mg
Total content of Vitamin C yam = 4 mg
Efficacy / Benefits yam: - (Not Available)
Initial letters Name Foodstuffs: G
Nutritional Information Sources: Various publications of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia as well as other sources.

Research On The Other yam :

Name Foodstuffs: yam (Version DKBM P3G '90)
The number yam studied (Food Weight) = 100 gr
Part yam that can be consumed (BDD / Food Edible) = 85%
Total energy content of yam = 131 kcal
Total Protein Content of yam = 1.1 gr
Total Fat Content of yam = 0.2 gr
Total Carbohydrate Content of yam = 31.3 g
Total content of Calcium yam = 14 mg
Total Phosphorus content of yam = 56 mg
Total content of Iron yam = 0.6 mg
Total content of Vitamin A yam = 0 IU
Total content of Vitamin B1 yam = 0.08 mg
Total content of Vitamin C yam = 4 mg

Specification :

Research / Research at different yam can produce differences in the results are due to various factors that influence.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/05/fruit-yam.html
DatePublished: May 21, 2015 at 14:35

Tags : Fruit yam.

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