Facts About Internet.

Internet is not new to us. Until there is a sizable funny ad of the largest telecommunications company in Indonesia that dialogue can not search for the missing goats on the internet. Indeed, the Internet has become a cultural catharsis that revolutionized the world community towards the information society. Indonesia is still lagging about the Internet has begun to drift changes in the world community. As an addition to an understanding about the Internet, here are some interesting facts about the Internet:

1. Network Internet for the first time beginning in 1969 as the ARPANET, which was built by ARPA (United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). Some preliminary investigations contributed by ARPANET including kaedah circuit without-center (Decentralised network), queuing theory, and rules of the exchange of packets (packet switching). On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET protocol to exchange a series of head, from NCP to TCP / IP. This is the beginning of the Internet as we know it today. So, thanks to the ARPA.

2. Electronic mail or electronic mail (e-mail) first successfully transmitted between two machines performed by a quiet engineer, Ray Tomlison at BBN one day in 1972. Previously, Tomlison has written a mail program for Tenex, the operating system developed by BBN , which until now is still operating on the machines PDP-10 ARPANET. Besides, who is also a monumental is Mr. Tomlison who find symbol @ in the e-mails are then used by people worldwide.

3. Based on the ARIN and APNIC Whois records, Internet protocol (IP) first from Indonesia, UI-NETLAB (192.41.206 / 24) registered by the University of Indonesia on June 24, 1988.

4. The phrase "surfing in the Internet" (surfing the Internet) first appeared in 1992 by Jean Armour Polly. The emergence of the phrase because of the Polly use a mouse pad with a picture of another person surfing, so he's got the idea of using the term surfing for activities related to the Internet. Very fitting term.

5. September 4, 1956 IBM introduced the world's first hard disk. Hard disk size of two fridges cost $ 250,000 now, with the ability of 5 MB, or just enough to keep the song in MP3 format. Compare that with today's hard drives there are 0.6 cm wide with a capacity of 400 GB.

6. The first country to implement an online system in the general election is Estonia. Though the country is one of the poorest countries in the European Union. The elections were held on Sunday, March 4, 2007, with total voters in Estonia amounted to 940,000 people.

7. Blog (neither weblog) is most likely the first page What's New on the Mosaic browser made by Marc Andersen in 1993. For information, Mosaic was the first browser before the Internet Explorer even before Netscape. Then in January 1994 Justin Hall initiate personal website of Justin's Home Page which later became Links from the Underground which may be referred to as the first blog as we know it today.

8. A computer virus is estimated first appeared in January 1986, touted as the first virus for PC ever made. These viruses infect the boot sector of data storage media with DOS format File Allocation Table (FAT). (c) Brain (the name of this virus) also known as viral Lahore, Pakistani, Pakistani Brain, Brain-A and UIUC. Businessweek magazine at that time to call Pakistani Flu. Believe it or not, this virus was created by two brothers Basit Farooq Alvi and Amjad Farooq Alvi who turns 19 years old! Originally sisters admitted to Time magazine that they make this virus software to protect their works from piracy treatment. The virus is even equip themselves with these two brothers following address three phone numbers to call, do not miss a message that says that if the user's computer is infected then it is advisable to contact them for vaccination. When they start to get thousands of calls from people all around the United States, Britain, and others, who asked vaccination to their computers, the brothers gasped and tried to explain that they are not the motivation for the crime. They finally cut the telephone wires and regret having revealed their phone number from the beginning.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: January 13, 2015 at 12:49

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The oldest person in Indonesia.

Population Census conducted simultaneously by May 1 ago, has recorded several people who have over 100 years old, valid for more data about who is actually the oldest in Indonesia, may be published by the relevant authorities.
My article is not necessarily true, because there are many confusing the data from several sources that I find along uncle Google. Here's 10 oldest people in Indonesia who succeeded me summarize together uncle Google.

Minah, Tasikmalaya (120 years)

Census officers found three more 100-year-old woman in the village Cogreg, District Cikatomas, Tasikmalaya, West Java (Java). One is Minah 120-year-old. One of the local community leaders, Abdul Hadi (61), confirming that the 120-year-old Minah is the oldest women in the region. Based on the description of the third family of the grandmother and other public figures, age is more than a century. '' Recognition of the family as well as that, he was already 120 years, '' he said.

Minah first child, Sukaesih (80), suggests that Minah based on family records were born before 1900, and had experienced the Dutch colonial period, the Japanese until the proclamation of independence. '' I do not have any official records, but to my knowledge Ma was born before 1900, '' said Sukaesih who already have a great-grandfather.

Marwah, Sumenep (121 years)

Statistics Sumenep, East Java, found three of the county's residents over the age of 100 years. They are Rafiudin, and Diyah 105 years, 106 years, villagers Matanair, District Rubaru, and the oldest is Marwah, 121 years, village residents Gunggung District of rocks. But in other sources say that the age Rafiudin of Sumenep is 127 years old, 6 years older than Marwah.

Hajjah Riah, Tangerang (122 years)

In simple house made of bamboo booth here, Hajjah Riah 122 years, villagers Sarakan RT 01/04 Suaksari Village Rajeg Tangerang District of stay. Women over the age of one hundred years, found local census officers.
Of local census data, this old lady had 14 children, but most of them are dead. And currently there are only five children, with the same conditions already old. Hajjah Riah still looks healthy, although it must be supported with a stick if you want to run. In daily life, the grandmother who has 25 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren, the only activity at home. Hajjah Riah who can not speak Indonesian is only stammer when reporters want to ask for a description of his life so far. He only occasionally say that he had many children.

Rafiudin, Sumenep (127 years)

Surabaya - A resident Brekas Hamlet, Village Matanair, District Rubaru, Sumenep, Madura belonging to the oldest human. Man named Moh Rapiuddin 127 years old. This was revealed during the 2010 Population Census officials who do disfigurement to his home. Rapiuddin still look healthy and still carry out daily activities. Like making bamboo woven order neighbors.
While locals census officer, Mohammad Anwar confirmed if it has reached the age Rapiuddin 127 years. "The only people that most new parents found one person," Anwar told reporters at the scene.
Another source said, it is rather slow Rapiuddin married because as a teenager he likes traveling around everywhere and had a long time at a boarding school in Sumenep.

Fatima bint Yakob, Aceh (127 years)

An elderly woman named Fatima Bint Takob known to be the oldest grandmother in Aceh. 127-year-old grandmother now lives in the village of Krueng rin West, District Baktia, North Aceh. Fatimah Bint estimated Jacob was born in 1883, with five children. In fact, her first child is now 108 years old, the second son Aisha 104 years, the third son of Muhammad 98 years (died), Asiya children aged four to 87 years and the last Rafasah 56
year old.
"The people of the three villages in the region recognizes that Fatima has more than 127 years old may even have been 132 this year and obtained information from the BPS North Aceh," BPS chief North Aceh Husnul.

Mak Encuh, Bandung (130 years)

Officers census in Ex. Wates, district. Bandung Kidul, find and record a 130-year-old resident on behalf Encuh, who lived in a house in Jln. M. Toha, Gg. Lasmi RT 02 / RW 01. Could be Encuh oldest person living in London.
At that age, Encuh not have children despite claiming to have been married twice. In his modest home, he was only accompanied by his adopted son, Ruika (68). Encuh condition itself is quite healthy, still speak fluently and hear clearly. He even never develop severe disease. Rheumatic diseases are generally experienced by the elderly has never felt. Only, now Mak Encuh lacking in vision.

Nek sub-district, Aceh (132 years)

Officers census population (SP) East Aceh said David Alias Ismail Tgk Nek District Head villagers lhok Meureu District of Darul Ikhsan be the oldest in East Aceh. Mentioned, to date as of the age of 132 years Nek district head. "We know after officials in the District of Darul Ikhsan, Abdul Manaf Hanafites reported that in the village of Lhok Meureu there are people who have lived 132 years.
Furthermore, I plunge into the house in question to check the veracity of the reports and field officers from several witnesses that Nek District Head is the oldest in East Aceh, "said the Head of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) East Aceh, Munir Ilyas, SE.
According to Munir, activity Population Census (SP) in 2010 in addition to noting the number of people also can find things that are unique, such as the discovery of the oldest or the other. Of recognition Tgk Ismail Daud, he was born around 1878.
This is evidenced by some of the parents of the kampong, also of the recognition of one of his children in Singkil, Abdul Wahab (82), ex-Navy, which has dihubunginya via handphone.

3. Karnita, Bekasi (140 years)

Syamsudin, BPS officer Bekasi District, said the man was found in the 2010 census. He named Karnita. She lives with five grandchildren and seven great-grandson at RT 1/4, Segara Jaya, Taruma Jaya, Bekasi Regency. "In the enumeration Thursday (13/5), we see him and register one," said Syamsudin. Despite not having ID cards, the truth of the confession Karnita proven. Karnita still remember the events experienced during the occupation of Japan and the Netherlands.
"I also asked about marriage Karnita family. He has 13 times has a wife," he said. Karnita a descendant Cirebon man who had always moved around the place and finally settled at Segara Village Jaya, Bekasi Regency.
One grandchild Karnita, Warni (45), confirming the age grandfather had stepped 140 years.

Saparman Sodimejo, Sragen (142 years)

Saparman Sodimejo, Hamlet residents Segeran RT 18 Cemeng Village, District Sambungmacan, Sragen is the oldest man in the Sragen. It is known after the census of 2010. With the step bending, Saparman Sodimejo, 142-year-old grandfather is still strong hoe, although the body is not strong enough to walk upright. Even slight hearing impaired so that it becomes an obstacle for people who want to communicate with him.
"Having had to speak loudly when asked or communicate with stained. Although already elderly, stained like drinking iced tea and eating strong, "said Suwarni, 35, grandson-in-law met Espos at his residence on Thursday (20/5).

Ambu Unah, Pandeglang (143 years)

Amid the implementation of the Population Census, a team from the Central Bureau of Statistics Pandeglang, find the oldest age population that is Askah bint singga (101 years) in Marine Sindang Village, District Carita and Maemunah (143 years) in Kampung Desa Jaha Girang Rt 15/06 Kadu Dodo, District Cimanuk. Grandma Maemunah commonly called Ambu Unah, based on census data that is sent to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Pandeglang, allegedly born in 1867 ago. Therefore, through the Coordinating Team Probing Deepening and Assessment Data resident, BPS Pandeglang conduct surveys directly to the field to find out all the data validan. Results from field officers, found there are people who reach hundreds of years old, and need to explore and assess it.
It is remarkable, in which hundreds of age this year, Ambu Unah still can work like the age of 50-60 years. In fact, he was still happy pocket and walks out of the house, capitalize bamboo sticks.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: January 13, 2015 at 10:24

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The right brain.

Formal education system too emphasizes the development of the left brain. Right brain development center was opened as a counterweight. Is it true that only artists who need care?
Tom and Nina had almost married. They claim to love each other to death as lively throughout other loyalty and promise.
To keep all the worst, they came to the notary. A separate property agreement made on stamped paper, witnessed by a notary who is based in the building in Jakarta's flashy. So, if an when it turns out to be separated, they can only carry property registered in the name of their own in private.
Everything went smoothly, seamlessly wedding party was held. And, perhaps most of us would consider it perfectly natural in an age in which everything is calculated with this material.

However, for AM Rukky Santoso, author of Right Brain: Right Brain Developing Capabilities for Life More Qualified, romance Tom and Nina was not fair. Love was only based on the calculation of profit and loss, not a true love. It happened because they're used to solve the problem only with the left brain functioning. "Everything is just based on logic," he said.
Another example, the word Rukky, is the human tendency is only dependent on medical treatment, the use of food supplements and medicines to keep them healthy. Although, at a seminar on medical science research in the United States, once revealed that in the science of modern medical treatment is only about 25 percent of which can be justified scientifically. The rest is an act of trial and error alias try. Conversely, efforts to fortify themselves with creating health of themselves rarely developed.

In fact, the word Rukky, in the human head there are three parts of the brain, the right brain, left brain and cerebellum or unconscious brain. Each section has a role and the character different.
The left brain is the part of the brain responsible for cognitive and rational thinking. This section has the typical characteristics that are logical, mathematical, analytical, realistic, vertical, quantitative, intellectual, objective, and control the motor system of the body part right.
The left brain has a character among others control motor movement right body - sensible, systematic, mechanical - mathematical calculations - analysis, language, images, words - character straight line, parallel - detail, master, goals / targets - ingenuity , worldliness - and dominant reality, straight - active, oriented in number - identity, reading, writing - the ultimate goal, target - phased and based on demand - a tendency to self - the tendency is more inward.
Conversely, the right brain is a part of the brain that are affective and relational thinking, has a qualitative character, impulsive, spiritual, holistic, emotional, artistic, creative, subjective, symbolic, imaginative, simultaneous, intuitive, and controls the motor movement of the body to the left.

The right brain has the character, among others: control motor movement left body - the character of human relationships - acoustic, sound, music - artistic, art, creativity - symbols, sensuality, space - intuition, imagination, the equation - continuous, fixed, clear - emotions, feelings picture - open, put the feeling - oriented to quality - doubling and processes - the spiritual and sightings - concerned with others - caring for nature and situations.
While a small part of the brain which is located on the bottom, in charge of the entire recording machine similar events take place in our lives. Cerebellum often surprise us with information regarding the sudden something not previously realized.

However, the entire education system in Indonesia as well as various aspects of life was only able to develop the left hemisphere. The right brain even just seen as something that can only underlie a person to be a great artist. People are not going to be an artist, do not need to develop the right brain. As a result, we become accustomed to think by using only the left brain.
To that end, Rukky opens Right Brain Institute of Life, a training development right brain abilities, in Jakarta and Bandung. Similar institutions is Center of the Right Brain Learning (Right Brain Training Center) that have opened in Bogor.
Currently, said Rukky, already thousands of people who follow this program. They consisted of children up to the doctors at leading universities such as the University of Trisakti and Atma Jaya, Jakarta. The participants were divided into two models. Models regular training conducted in 10 meetings, while intensive models only two days, ie Saturday and Sunday. The cost of training both models are the same, namely Rp.750.000,- per person.

This training method, said Rukky, scientific nature and relatively easy to follow. He was oriented to develop glandular activity, neural networks, instinctual energy and balance in the body. The training is intended to provide a stimulus to the part of hormones in the body to function normally. Thus the hormone would provide a stimulus to the function of the right hemisphere. This, according Rukky, in the long term could provide prosperity in life.
According to Shinto B. Adelar, M.Sc, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Indonesia, the exercise of the right brain development as applied Rukky very positive. If the left brain are developed, people become less imaginative and less creative.
Shinto also agree that the right brain is associated with an element of creativity that is not only feasible to be developed by artists. Scientists also need to develop it. "If not, he did not go forward. So, to develop something to look for new ideas," said Shinto.

However, Shinto noted that the left brain and the right brain are interconnected. "Do not misunderstand that the left and right hemispheres of the brain to work on their own. So, even though at that particular function, but each part of it would be more helpful if the activation of both sides," he said. Therefore, should be developed simultaneously. Thus, activities by stimulating the left brain and right brain.
Without going through the right brain specialized training institutions, the word Shinto, the development could be done through a simple little exercise. For example, the development of language is not just to mention about the facts. However, the language is also used to describe something that is fiction or imagination.
Alternatively, the word Shinto, count in certain ways as developed in the course of the abacus, mental arithmetic, and the like. "For example, we give the question, 2 + 4 = what? So, children are expected to count, how many plus what equals six," he said.

One manager abacus courses in Jakarta, Muhammad Dilar Darmawan said, abacus is to develop the right hemisphere. However, it is also intended to balance the left and right brain. "This course tries to maximize the functionality of both parts of the brain," said Dilar.
Approximately 30 children with an average age of six years following the end of the course more confident. They are also easy to work on the problems associated with the number. "The speed of their thinking further than ever before," said Dilar.
What developed in the course of the right brain like yours Rukky, does not seem like a specific course or the abacus mental arithmetic. But clearly, with this right brain development, quality of life will be more physically and psychologically.
As Rukky said, we are then able to look medang usual tradition of Javanese. Medang derived from the word wedang or drink is a habit enjoy a warm drink in the evening while sitting relaxed in an open space. While medang that they actually do some sort of meditation and contemplation that will activate the right brain.

Two Stage Right Brain Development.

In developing right brain, Right Brain Institute of Life which opened AM Rukky Santoso apply several stages as follows:
* A part of the first stage is referred to as self-actualization and growth Explorations (Sage). At this stage, participants will be guided to begin cleaning up and restructure the whole body. Because the body has been conditioned harmful habits. This section is also intended to defeat laziness and improve overall physiological structure.
* The first stage part B, ie, self awareness and Reviving emotion (Sare). In this section the participants began to be invited to develop inner harmony, balance yourself and important gland activity in all parts of the body. Thus, participants will begin to run generators succesfull mechanism in the body and regain intact condition.
* The second stage is the brain bosster. In this section, participants will be invited to improve the nervous system and instinct distribute energy part of body. Thus, the brain and neurotransmitters get back its ability to operate in full and balanced.

COMMUNICATION STYLES.

One of the keys to success is to recognize the style of communication themselves. In general style of communication that is considered a success is firmly communication styles. Communication style is reflected in the pattern of everyday life attitude. For example if you get a failure, it is only as a motivational experience and to make changes, not even dissolve in grief and guilt. How to recognize a person's communication style can be done with a close associate with that person. But how to recognize communication styles ourselves.

Some styles that we do not realize can occur and disrupt the way we communicate, including :

* Views are very aggressive
* Do not want to compromise
* Intolerant
* Do not want to change (both attitudes and opinions)
* Can not wait
* Arrogant (haughty)
* Sarcastic (sharp-tongued)
* Manipulative (like playing)
* Dismisif (like refusing)
* Superior (snobby)
But do not also belong to the group of people who want to develop a firm stance by becoming a 'victim'. Firmness in question in this case is other people will treat you like the 'requested'. If someone understands you requested.
The dominance of one's communication style depending on the circumstances of communication that comes from the pattern of attitudes, namely
Passive.
Passive attitude usually related to 'lose', people who are always backed up, give up, and obedient. way communication is full of apologies, such as full agreement aversion and negative statements about themselves. Passive attitude implies that 'you are OK, but I'm not OK'

Passive / aggressive.

The attitude of passive / aggressive is usually associated with "saboteurs". It is simply not done openly. But the aggressive motivation is very clear. salient characteristics of this mode of communication is the sarcastic comments / sharp, the comments by two meanings to the signals of non verbs, like staring into the sky being scorn. The message contained therein is my not OK, you are also not OK
Aggressive.
Aggressive attitude is the attitude that ignores others. Although this is considered a 'person who diligently / viable or one of the winners in this life, but they are usually feared because of his style which encourages a false attitude of other people who would rather not dare to face this aggressive anger. The implied message is 'I'm OK, but you're not OK'.

Decisive.

Communications firm does not reduce or degrade human dignity of others, do not violate the rights of any other person, and does not shy away from a variety of important issues. Instead, this attitude would encourage Adaiah satisfactory communication where everyone's needs are met in the best way. Which typically can demonstrate a firm stance is the use of the statement 'I'. This indicates that the person who communicates it would take responsibility for the message it conveys. This form of communication is based on respect for themselves and for others. The implied message is 'I'm OK, and you also OK', so nobody loses.

CONTROL ON.

The key to controlling our lives is to know ourselves. Steps in control of life is:

* Language to win
* Positive Affirmation
* Creative Visualization
* Build self-esteem.

LANGUAGE TO WIN.

Language is the language of the winning firm stand. We recommend that need be addressed is how to express something (pronunciation), not spoken.

Quality to win from a communicator firm that is:

direct and clear-language
- The ability to demonstrate an understanding and to feel the feelings of others as    active listening skills
- The ability to establish relationships and maintain
- Eye contact, voice, and good posture.
- Confidence in what you said - without comment that avoid the attention of the
  person or apology. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-right-brain.html
DatePublished: January 5, 2015 at 21:10

Tag : The right brain.

Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW

What Logic.

According Mundiri in his book The Logic is defined as the study of methods and laws are used to distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning. While Poespoprojo write it as a science and reasoning skills, thinking correctly (the science and art of correct thinking). Olson does not discuss the logic and reasoning of science altogether.
Literally Logic is derived from the word 'Logos' in Latin meaning words or word. In Arabic it is known by the word 'Mantiq' which means utter or say.

HISTORY OF LOGIC.

Mundiri prepare trace the history of logic as follows. The person who first used the word logic is Zeno of Citium. The Sophists, Socrates, and Plato recorded as figures who participated pioneered the birth of logic. Logic was born as a science for services Aristotle, Theoprostus and Stoics. Logic developed progressively by the Arabs and the Muslims in the second century AH. The logic being part interest in the development of Islamic culture. But also got different reactions, for example Ibn Salah and Imam Nawawi make illegitimate law learn logic, Al-Ghazali advocate and assume good, while jumhur Ulema allow for enough people minds and solid faith. Philosopher Al-Kindi studied and investigated specifically Greek logic and more in-depth study conducted by Al-Farabi.
Furthermore, the logic experienced a period of decadence that long. Logic becomes very shallow and simple. At that time used books like Isagoge logic of Porphirius, Fonts Scientie of John Damascenus, books commentary logic of Bothius, and systematic logic of Thomas Aquinas. All departing and develop the logic of Aristotle.
In the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century appears Peter Hispanus, Roger Bacon, Raymundus Lullus, Wilhelm Ocham compose a very different logic to the logic of Aristotle which became known as modern logic. Raymundus Lullus develop methods Ars Magna, a kind of algebraic understanding with the intention to prove the truth - the ultimate truth. Francis Bacon developed the inductive method in his Novum Organum scientiarum. W.Leibniz construct algebraic logic to simplify the work of reason and provide certainty. Emanuel Kant found the Transcendental Logic is logic that is investigating the forms of thought that overcomes the limits of experience. In addition, George Boole (who developed Boolean algebra), Bertrand Russell, and G. Frege recorded as figures who contributed in developing the Modern Logic.
Poespoprojo not discuss the origins and history of logic, as well as Olson. Posepoprojo directly discuss the issues of the logic itself, while Olson did not mention the history of logic at all.

MEANING OF SCIENCE.

Mundiri explains that science should be distinguished from knowledge. Knowledge is everything that came as a result of the activity of knowing that the exposure of a reality to the soul so that there is no doubt against him, while science requires more than that.
Poespoprojo formulate simply that science is a body of knowledge about a particular field which is an integral systematically arranged, and give explanations be justified by showing why. Olson does not explain anything about the definition of science. Mundiri and Poespoprojo discuss the problem of logic as a science.

MIND.

Mundiri explained that the mind is a benchmark words and logic, law or formula thinking. Logic aims to assess and refine ideas seriously and educated manner and get the truth in spite of all the interests and desires of a person.
Poespoprojo explains that knowledge is the result of the activity of thinking that investigates the knowledge derived from the experiences of concrete, sesitivo-rational experience, facts, objects, events or events that seen or experienced. Logic aims to analyze the way the mind of a reasoning / thinking / inference about a thing.
Olson does not explain the definition of thought in the context of logic, but to explain the mind in the context of creativity. Discussion focused on the discussion of the problem solving by taking the 'road' that is not unusual.

ERROR THINK AND CREATIVITY.

Mundiri stated in his book that there are some fallacy among others:

A. Formal Fallacy because:

1. The use of four terms in the syllogism
2. The second term does not include the mediation process is not correct
3. conclude from two negative premises
4. recognizes the result later confirmed also why
5. rejected cause and concluded that the result did not materialize
6. disyungtif form the first alternative deny later admitted alternatives
7. not runtutnya statement of the previously recognized

B. Informal Fallacy caused by:

1. Making a hasty generalization
2. impose presumption
3. invites problems
4. The use of a rotating argument
5. The basic change
6. based on authority
7. basing itself on power
8. personal attack
9. do not know the problem
10. complicated question
11. The reason is too simple
12. establish the nature of which is not a necessity
13. The argument is irrelevant
14. one takes the analogy
15. invites compassion

C. Errors due to the use of language that is caused by

1. The composition
2. The error in the division
3. The error due to pressure
4. mistake because amfiboli (sentences that can be interpreted different)
5. mistake because it uses the word in some sense
Those problems are the things that are common to every person so that the person can take the wrong problem solving and away from logic. Thus these thinking errors are systematic errors think.
The same thing expressed by Poespoprojo that logical errors, which in English is called the fallacy, not the fault of the facts.

These errors include :

1. hasty generalizations

A logical error is a result of the induction is wrong because it is based on a sampling of things that are not specific enough or because they do not wear limit.

2. Non sequitur (not necessarily)

This error is an error that occurs because of false premises used. Non sequitur is stepping haphazardly from one premise to the conclusion that there is no relation to the earlier premise. The relationship is only apparent premise and conclusion, there is no real relationship.

3. False Analogy

False analogy is a form of comparison that tries to make an idea or notion looks correct by comparing it with other ideas or ideas that actually do not have a relationship with the idea or the idea of the first one.

4. Circular Reasoning

Circular reasoning is logical error of as the penalar put his conclusions into its premise, and then put on the premise that to prove the conclusion. So the conclusion and the premise is the same.

5. Deduction Disabilities

The use of flawed premise is very common to reasoning or should be in a serious discussion we pause and question the premises that we use.

6. Mind simplistic

Simplistic mind is logical error happens because the penalar oversimplification. The problem is so intricate is simplified into two polar opposite, or formulated only in two aspects, namely black and white, or formulated sebgaia only be two choices of this or that.

7. The argument ad hominem

This logical error occurs because we do not pay attention to the real problems and attacking the person, personal.

8. The argument ad Populum

This is a logical error target group is not the problem, similar to the argument ad hominem logical fallacy.

9. False Authority

The authority is sometimes necessary to give weight to our reasoning. Logical fallacy of false authority is due to not wearing real authority.

10. Afterward it therefore

This logical error occurs because the wrong interpretation of the causal relationship.

11. Irrelevant

This logical error occurs because the temptation to someone to keep a firm hold on the subject matter so that deviate from the basic issue.
Olson will argue about the logical errors that are often encountered. People who are looking for a solution to a problem often do not achieve satisfactory results. It is called the crisis of creativity that he mentions things often happen to everyone thus inhibiting its potential to be creative. In other words, saying that there is another way of thinking that can be taken by someone without denying the logic of thinking.

Things that inhibit one's creativity:

1. habit

Ways of looking at objects by habit can meet various obstacles called 'functional fixation'. This is related to the fact that we have some mental habits and for some reason to keep doing it.

2. time

The bustle is a reason to be creative. But in fact many people who do not want to invest the time to sharpen their creativity or use.

3. Flooded problem

Most of us feel that we are dealing with so many issues that are important so that we do not have enough time and effort to overcome some of the problems creatively.

4. There is no problem

We often feel no problems and opportunities, because experts have found all the answers or have been told that it can not be implemented.

5. Fear of Failure

We can avoid failure and creativity in various ways: by adjusting, never try something different, to convince ourselves that we only use the ideas that have proven successful and running in the halls that have sirintis. Thus we avoid failures small. But we have failed as a human being. We become creative not exceed grow old habits and instincts.

6. The need for an answer now

Humans do not want to run into trouble because they do not have a direct answer. When an issue raised, directly we provide a solution. Only if the first solution does not work then we tried another way.

7. Difficulty mental activities directed

Often mentally we tuck feeling worried or muddle thinking within our reach. From such circumstances sometimes arise a valuable idea. However, because of the first we did not find a solution or an answer to a problem, then there is no idea or insight to a problem, then there is no idea or insight that emerged from our minds. We are often puzzled by the problem of how far we have to think or worry about a problem and how to direct and produce.

8. Fear of fun

We can be more creative with fun. However, many people feel guilty when they have fun. People often do not realize that the relaxed, fun, and relax are important aspects of the process of creative problem solving.

9. Criticism of others

By accident of creativity is often hampered by the criticism of others. When a new idea is introduced, the idea is often broken and ransacked.

Someone with his idea was ridiculed by the following expressions.

REASONING TEST OR IDEAS

Mundiri propose a way to test a concept or idea or hypothesis in sizes:
1. Relevance, ideas proposed should attempt to explain the facts at hand. Therefore, the hypothesis must be relevant to the facts to be explained.
2. Able to be tested, this is the main characteristic that distinguishes between scientific hypotheses and non-scientific hypothesis. The hypothesis must have the ability to be tested with the facts of sense or logical calculations.
3. Corresponding to the hypothesis that has been accepted as true knowledge.
4. Have the power of prediction. A good hypothesis not only describe facts, but interpretations are made able to explain the similar facts unknown or unexplored.
5. Simple.
Poespoprojo argue that human thought is to achieve the right knowledge and where possible, certainly. But in reality the ideas and the reasons put forward is not necessarily always true.
So the size in determining whether a thought or reasoning is right or wrong is not good or bad taste, good or bad, it is suitable or not the facts or not.

four Questions

1. What is to be confirmed or what the principal statement filed.
2. How is it: On the basis of people come to the conclusion or that question?
3. How is the mind that links the reasons put forward and the conclusions drawn? What are the steps? Is it legal conclusion?
4. Is it true conclusion or explanation? Are sure? Or simply may not be true?
scheme
To help to test or analyze a thought, it is useful once compose his thoughts in the form of a scheme, it is clear which one is the conclusion, which are random, and how certain people draw certain conclusions of reasons.

Three Basic Conditions.

1. Thought must stem from the fact or its starting point must be true
2. The reasons are proposed to be precise and powerful
3. This line of thought should be logical or straight / legitimate.

Olson has her own way of determining the best idea. Among others, by:

1. Integrate the conscious and unconscious mind, we need to not only draw conclusions based on our conscious mind is limited, but also by our subconscious mind wide.
2. The uniqueness of the individual, to be more creative we must recognize our uniqueness and use it to choose the ideas that we think are valuable to us based on the goals, needs, and unique experience.
3. Feelings and deep intuition, our intuition is often unclear and irrational even more of a subconscious mental thought. Perhaps the most internal condition of a creative person is the source of their internal assessment and selection.
4. The criteria we use to determine where the best ideas and are aware of the standards we use to measure the value of our ideas. These criteria introduce an element of conscious, systematic, careful, that help organize and focus the filtering capabilities of our conscious and unconscious.
5. Select the idea, choose the best idea we use the criteria that we have developed to help evaluate ideas of solving our problems. Then we get rid of the idea or not is ridiculous and ideas like.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/what-logic.html
DatePublished: January 5, 2015 at 20:36

Tag : What Logic.
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Researchers HIV / AIDS so victims.

The leading experts in the field of HIV / AIDS among the victims of the crash Malaysia Airlines MH17 in Ukraine. Originally, they will follow the International AIDS Conference 20th to be held on July 20 to 25 in Melbourne, Australia.

One of the victims was Prof.Joep Lange, former president of the International AIDS Society (IAS) and principal investigator in the field of HIV.

Lange is also the founder and chairman of PharmAccess Foundation, a nonprofit organization that works to improve access to treatment of HIV / AIDS in developing countries. Lange also one of the editors of the journal Antiviral Therapy.

Lange was originally slated to be a speaker at the conference week (20/7) this. The delegation departed from Amsterdam meeting is planned to be changed planes in Kuala Lumpur to continue the trip to Melbourne.

Michael Sidibe, the head of the field of AIDS in the UN said, the field of HIV / AIDS have lost their best people. "We must use this moment of grief to push our agenda, which is to save lives around the world," he said.

The other victim was a lobbyist AIDS, Pim de Kuijer and researchers Martine de Schutter and Lucie van Mens. In the ill-fated plane also contained media coordinator of WHO, Glen Thomas.

"It is a great loss. They have dedicated their lives for mankind," said Barre-Sinoussi Dr.Francoise, one of the inventors of the AIDS virus.

The AIDS conference participants know pretty much canceled after meeting delegates and their families who are in the MH17 plane. So far the committee claimed not to know exactly how many of the 12,000 researchers who will be present in Melbourne becoming a victim.

In honor of friends and colleagues who become victims, organizers and some participants who had attended perform a candlelight vigil.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/researchers-hiv-aids-so-victims.html
DatePublished: January 5, 2015 at 13:25

Tag : Researchers HIV / AIDS so victims.

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Trends Transmission of HIV / AIDS.

HIV infection risk groups, namely injecting drug users, transgender and gay men, a challenge in the response to HIV in Indonesia in the future.

In 2007-2011, HIV prevalence among sex workers much directly (without intermediaries), transvestites, and gay men (MSM). However, that changed in 2009 to 2013. "It needs a new treatment," said Health Minister Nafsiah Mboi at a press conference at the Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Tuesday (5/8). Representatives from a number of international agencies, such as UNAIDS, ILO and WHO, also attended. Also Secretary of the National AIDS Commission Kemal N Siregar.

Nafsiah, from five-risk populations, namely injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers direct, indirect female sex workers (covert use intermediaries), transvestites, and MSM, only HIV prevalence in female sex workers directly and indirectly are not increased in the period 2009-2013.

Trends in the prevalence of injecting drug users in 2009 increased by 8.8 percent to 14.4 percent in 2013. Similarly, the prevalence of transvestites from 5.8 percent (2013) to 8.2 percent (2013) and MSM from 2.5 percent (2009) to 7.4 percent (2013).

Nafsiah claimed to be surprised by that fact. Therefore, since 2006, various attempts have been made to tackle the transmission of HIV. "Needles and syringes are provided and protective equipment can also be purchased everywhere, but still many who do not wear it. If you have a risky behavior, wear protective gear, "he said.

Government policy in the period 2006-2014 among other interventions against risk populations, such as injecting drug users, sex workers, and the prevention of transmission from mother to baby. For example, the period 2011 to June 2014, the number of HIV-positive pregnant women who received antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) continues to increase, respectively 601 people, 1,070 people, 1,544 people, and 1,456 people.

As a result, the percentage of babies born to HIV positive decreases. In 2011, of 949 infants born to HIV positive 7.5 percent (71 infants) were infected with HIV, in 2012, of the 1,458 babies born 5.9 percent (86 infants) HIV positive, and the last year of 1,630 babies were born 5.6 percent (91 infants) were infected with HIV. Until June 2014, of the 926 babies born, 5.8 percent (54 infants) were infected.

While the number of deaths (CFR) associated with AIDS also declined from 11.04 percent in 2006, 6.31 per cent (2008), 5.01 per cent (2010), 3.79 per cent (2012), and 0.4 percent (June 2014 ).

However, the current trend of the HIV epidemic reveals that the threat of HIV infection from injecting drug users, transgender, and MSM trend continues to rise.

Secretary of the National AIDS Commission Kemal N Siregar said, through modeling that became a national strategy action plan, the HIV epidemic in 2010-2014 was reduced, especially in the group of injecting drug users, low-risk men, female sex workers, and sex buyers.

However, the epidemic in groups of low-risk women and MSM it remains high. Low-risk women generally are housewives infected from her husband or a woman who contracted the disease from her partner. "Many wives who did not dare tell her husband when known HIV positive. In fact, her husband who transmit, "said Nafsiah.

Steve Kraus, UNAIDS Regional Director Asia Pacific, added, the most important in the prevention of HIV / AIDS is expanding the scope of the examination, treatment, and protection / prevention of transmission. HIV testing should be easy, inexpensive, and easily accessible. (ADH). Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/trends-transmission-of-hiv-aids.html
DatePublished: January 4, 2015 at 21:19

Tag : Trends Transmission of HIV / AIDS.

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Do not Want Holiday Blues.

Christmas and New Year holidays have passed out of sight. However, not all people are excited to welcome this long holiday. Not everyone is looking forward to the arrival of December.
The holiday season that makes you happy can occur due to many things. For example, just feel lost someone, feel they have no family, feel lonely, just facing a divorce, to eat and drink unhealthy.
It can make a person depressed, bad mood, and always so negative on the holiday season. This is known as the holiday blues.

Actually, what are the factors that cause you to have the holiday blues and how to solve it? Here are the causes that you should avoid in order not to experience the holiday blues.

Expect something unrealistic.

Hoping for a perfect holiday will only lead to disappointment and make someone depressed. Doctor Mark Sichel, a psychiatrist who is also the author of Healing From Family rifts said, many people have a holiday fantasy fun as they see on television.
In addition, there is often a family dispute at holiday time. According to Sichel, family conflict or have just lost a loved one can add to grief during the holidays. Sichel himself admitted receiving many patients who consulted after the holiday is over.
To cope with it all, the key is grateful. Grateful for the things that have been successful you get. Be thankful when family members can gather though still incomplete. Grateful you can get off from work.
"Having gratitude may be the best antidote to depression," Sichel said as quoted from huffingtonpost.com.

Too much desire and do many things.

Wanting a lot of things, and it is planned that feels perfect holiday can make your depression, anxiety, stress, and lack of sleep. It can make you a bad mood during the holidays.

According to Sichel, it also can lead to fear if not get what you want and make high blood pressure which is the most common trigger for the Holiday Blues.
"Many people feel they can not do a lot of things right and feel family members will be disappointed," said Sichel.

Comparing with the happiness of others.

Christmas or holiday do not compare with those around you. Do not feel you are less than perfect family and get rid of the one passing through the trauma. It can only make you more sad.
You will find always worst than others. In fact, it might not have a lot of people who are not more fortunate than you.

Lazy maintain health.

For many, December is the busiest month of the year. Routines take a yoga class, morning walk, healthy diet, meditation, can be neglected because of the rush ahead of Christmas and New Year holidays.
Sichel also reminded that people maintain a healthy diet during the holidays. "Take care of yourself, do not overeat and drink excessive bad," said Sichel.
Sichel regretted if during the holiday favorite alcoholic beverage. He emphasized the importance of avoiding binge drinking during the long vacation. He asserted, alcohol will not reduce a person's grief, but can only aggravate the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Experiencing symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder.

If you feel sad only in certain seasons, maybe you have Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).
According to Sichel, a lot of people who think that they are experiencing the holiday blues, but suffer from SAD. SAD is a depression that only occurs in certain seasons every year. If depression persists, consult a psychologist to psychiatrist ata.
In essence, avoid depression during the holidays that will only make your body and mind are not healthy. Grateful, positive thinking, and laughter is the key to avoiding depression. Thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.primadonablog.blogspot.com/2015/01/do-not-want-holiday-blues.html
DatePublished: January 4, 2015 at 20:05

Tag : Do not Want Holiday Blues.
Code : 7MHPNPADAEFW