Everburning Lamp Mystery.

In the old days , everyone still using oil lamps . In medieval times , when the looting occurred tomb discovered this ancient lights still burning in tombs closed / sealed in various places , especially Europe . Though based encryption listed in the tomb or the time since the tomb was made , the tomb has been there hundreds to thousands of years before the tomb was opened . It defines the lights are placed inside the tomb was kept burning thousands of years . Is such a thing really exist ? This is the mystery " Eternal Light "

Oil lamps .

Before discussing this mystery , it helps us to know about oil lamps . Oil lamp is a lamp that functions like a candle but using oil as fuel . The oil and wicks were varied material . For oil there is the use of olive oil , fish oil , and so on . The sections of this oil lamp is no hole for refueling , pit where the fire exit , and grip . How it works axis will be put in the lamp , placed at the exit end of the fire , another one at the end where the oil is located . Fire lit and will absorb oil as fuel for the flame continued to burn for some time .

Eternal Mystery Lights , Findings .

Why is found in the tombs ? That's because people used to think , those who died will need natural light to guide him in death . So in place of light in a place like that.

It is a story about the discovery of the light ;

Plutarch , a Roman historian , once wrote about a lamp in the temple of Jupiter Ammon door , according to the pastor there , the lights remain lit for centuries without fuel and wind can not be extinguished even water .
St . Augustine, a Latin philosopher ( 354-430 ) describes a temple in Egypt with a light that can not be extinguished wind and water . He said they had this thing as an artificial demon .
In the year 527 , in Edessa ( or Antioch ) , Syria , when the emperor Justinian , soldiers found the eternal light in the arch at the gate . The lamp enclosed protected from the air . Based on the inscriptions are listed there , the lights were turned on in 27 . Means that the lamp has been burning for 500 years , before being destroyed by the soldiers found
In 1401, near Rome a lamp found in the tomb of Pallas , son of the Trojan king , Evander . Which has been burning for more than 2000 years , can not be turned off in the usual way as the water and the wind . How to turn it off just by sucking / spend all strange liquid contained in the lamp .
But , Pallas Evander also exists only in epic Aeneid , and no doubt his grave in the real world .
Around the year 1540 , in the pontificate of Paul III , a lamp found near the Appian Way in Rome . The tomb is believed to belong to Tulliola , son of Cicero , a Roman orator . He died in the year 44 BC. Versions for this case vary , some say it was found in 1480 and died 45 BC Tulliola The lights were found dead and can not be turned back due to the opening of the door of the tomb , as the " Met " in the air .

In 1534 , when the future King Henry VIII do with the separation of the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church Monastery Dissolution events , many tombs were looted . in Yorkshire , a lamp that lights are found in the tomb Constantious Chlorus , father of Constantine the Great . He died in the year 300 , which means that the light was kept burning for more than 1200 years .
In France , near Grenoble , in the mid 17th century , a young Swiss soldier , Du Praz was accidentally discovered an ancient tomb entrance . He found the lights on and bring it to the Abbey . The pastor was surprised to see that the discovery of the light and stored in a convent , a few months later a minister dropped the lamp shattering . When she gets older , Du Praz tell this to Johann Helfrich Jungken , which then publishes through his treatise " Curious Experimental Chemistry " In 1681 Giovanni Baptista Porta Della Porta or, in his treatise "Natural Magic", in 1550, on the island of Nesis , Naples bay , a tomb was found with the bright lights on inside , the lamp is in a glass tube . However, while the entry of air into the tomb , the lights went pale and die so quickly . The tomb was said to have existed before the era of Christ begins .
Ludovicus Vives , in his letter to St . Augustine in 1610 , wrote about the discovery of the light at the time of his father , in 1580 AD . Based on the inscription , the lamp has been burning for 1500 years but fell to pieces when touched. Ludovicus not agree with St. Augustine, according to the light is the result of the discovery of someone who is skilled and wise, not made with the devil.
A further discovery occurred in about the year 1500 near Ateste , a small town in Padua , Italy by a man from the countryside who were digging in the field , find a large box , thinking to find the treasure , forcibly opened by that person . In it was found jars of clay , along with two small jars , one of gold and one of silver . In a small jar , there weird fluid . In jars of clay, where there is a small clay jar containing within it a lamp. In clay jars outside , there is the Latin inscription means that in case :
" This ministry is dedicated to Pluto . Thieves, do not touch the place I knew unknown as there is in the earth. Maximus Olybius is appropriately presented.
Thing here as the protector himself and his resources. Liquid is not worth for rest"
In a small jar containing inscriptions ;
" Get out of here , go thief . Kau -faced and dressed like a spy . Go as fast as Mercury , with hat and caduceusnya . Maximus Olybius Leave a superb offering for Pluto "
Based Fraternatis manifesto Fama , Christian tombs Rosenkreuz , founder of the Rosicrucian Brotherhood , opened 120 after his death by the villagers . Inside was found the lights blazing , but when people come in and it's getting accidentally stepped on something ( may trigger ) on the floor , inside the tomb automaton moves mechanically and destroy the lamp with a stick . Then the lights be kept confidential .
It says there are 2 lights that are stored in the University of Leyden . But there is no further info about this thing there .
Moreover these lights are found also in the sealed tomb near Memphis and Temple Brahmins in India , but when the intake air , the fire dies and make the fuel evaporates . Some say the eternal light also found in various parts of the world .

Enterprises - Enterprises Solve the Mystery .

In this period, medieval influences are still very large and difficult to study and research, so many people who think that something strange and mysterious as the work-made ​​demons.
Francisco Torreblanco publish text books in 1623 , where he asks " Does this thing work demon ? " , Even though in the end he believes this thing as a natural wonder . Can be made ​​with the right materials and skilled inventor .
After Torreblanco and some other experts think about these issues , to be a little expert who believes this thing is made by the devil . Even if there are some skeptics , such as Johannes Faber , Sir Kenelm Digby , Pierre Petit and several others , who concluded no such lamps . There are also those who argue that finding this light one can see, they actually saw a flash of metal or gems in the dark eating , and one identifies as the fire lit .
French mathematician Marin Mersenne (1588-1648) , not only believe in the eternal light of this , he even made ​​the recipe . Unfortunately the recipe is lost , the possibility of Mersenne recipe is similar to a recipe from Mazzota Benedetto
( 1653 ) makes the axis of asbestos and oil made from human feces .
Some believe the use of light axis of Asbestos , or commonly called the Alchemists Salamander 's Wool . The oil is also used Alchemy products .
Athanasius Kircher , a Jesuit Graduate trying to extract oil from asbestos because they believe the object was fire resistant and able to make a lamp . But after two years of probation with no results , he says it is impossible .
In 1669 , German alchemist Hennig Brand of Hamburg discovered a substance in the form of soft iron which can be lit in the dark . This substance we call Phosphorus .
1674 , experimenter and British naturalist Robert Plot , conducted a study on the lights . Initially he surveyed the literature back to the 16th century and find ample testimony of the witnesses for the existence of the light . From there Plots think , what makes it durable axis ? It used to be said using asbestos , but he usually has enough iron . He experimented with iron wire , which failed to contain the fire . Next he found the use of refractory gold wire and corrosion resistance .
Next fuel , he asked what materials are used ? No oil , as pure as any that burned so long to fire a thousand years. He thinks the solution is a major source of oil around the lights . If the tomb was made around the source of the oil , then the oil will be sufficient for thousands of years . Some experts also assume so .
Another question occurred to plot , how a fire can be lit in a closed room ? although oxygen has not been " found " in those days , people were already convinced combustion requires air . Plot decide , the light will turn on only when the door is opened . How? Air impregnation with gold wire phosphorus sufficient to turn on the lights . Sometimes phosphorus will burn if it met the air , especially if the air was humid . When the door of the tomb is opened , air will come in and light a fire , this is the plot theory .
But the plot of this mystery has not been solved , there is no evidence of the use of phosphorus lamp , even the first person was not familiar with phosphorus , besides being a mysterious liquid fuel is the normal amount . There is no connection to the source of oil or gas have been reported .

Eternal Light recipe ?

There are recipes from Willy Schrodter eternal light , a researcher Rosicrucians , here's the recipe :
" It takes ingredients 1 1/2 Ounce 1 Ounce Sulfur and Alum Fuel . ( 1 Ounce = 28 grams )
and put them in a pot sublimation after thorough mixing . Place the pot mouth like the mouth of this bond and seal the well with cement pottery . The inside of the pan with the mixture set on fire so that it becomes red hot coal for about an hour , and fixed mass sublimation is taken to be destroyed by a mortar . Half pure borax added to the mortar and the resulting powder was then reduced to a powder in a mortar similar . This powder is placed in a glass or porcelain basin shallow and covered with ethyl alcohol (High Rectified Spirit of Wine ) . This basin is now placed in hot ashes , which is on top of a coal fire in a small pot , and alcohol allowed to evaporate slowly. When the object is somewhat thickened, such as oil, a little part will be removed and placed on a piece of hot copper .
Now if this thing is like wax and smokeless, then it is ready, but, if it still smoky, alcohol should be poured back into the basin and evaporated as before , and this process must be repeated until the sample is no longer emitting smoke when tested. The product is then ready .
Axis will now be made , about 2 inches long and as thick as a large quill . The material used is a white fibrous asbestos or gypsum ( steatite ) tied with silk thread . Objects that are ready then placed in a strong glass , wick inserted and materials that had been stored for 24 hours in the hot sand . Axis is pulled up the hole until only small portions of the axis visible and pour hot sulfur mass , and the glass is placed in the hot sand until the mass of sulfur melted and gathered around the axis . Finally , the light that has been prepared in this way will be lit with the light and placed in a place where it will not be disturbed. Then it will continue to burn without ever die . "
Actually there is one more recipe from H.P. Blavatsky's Isis Unveiled in his book . But because the same recipe and more clearly artificial Willy , I chose Willy , if you want to see please visit the web Sacred Text .

Modern Eternal Fire .

( Eternal Fire " Tomb of Unknown Soldier " )

Eternal flame not only in ancient times , today many eternal flame memorial made ​​for the benefit of an event . But the fire is not truly immortal , this fire is supplied by a gas line located not far from the fire , and hidden place. , Eg Eternal Fire " Tomb of Unknown Soldier " in Russia , and the eternal flame of John F. Kennedy in America .  There is also an eternal flame that keeps most natural gas supply coming out of the earth like the Eternal Fire in Mrapen , Central Java and the " Gates of Hell " in Turmeknistan.

Explanations That Allows .

Bishop John Wilkins , one of the inventors of the Royal Society , said the lights visible when the door is opened , it is possible for Fosforesens , which is a natural product of the decomposition of animals and plants . Posed little light is bright enough for circumstances that are so dark . Because the light of this, there is the impression that the light was coming from the fire . But he did not say , in addition to fuel , there is the possibility of inlet air supply to the combustion . With the fosforesens, people thought the "art" of making lamps have been found, but in fact the ability of phosphorescence will disappear after some time in the dark , and need longer exposures to light to activate the back lighting .
If viewed from the story , strange enough for the existence of these objects , from the Tomb of Pallas that should not be there ( Tomb of Pallas Pallas there is only a freed slave , not the son of the Trojan king ) . All the same fate lamp , which is destroyed or dead . But from the story , the type of light that is quite varied , from there you can not die by the wind and even water , and can only be turned off by spending a liquid fuel , there also are dead when it meets the air . Both types are practically impossible , the fire usually subjected to water or wind dies . And the second type , it turns on when the Fire meet the air , instead of dying . Fire even need air for combustion processes , whereas in the sealed tomb , there are air will be exhausted to the initial burning lamp . Is this true of the object ?
Some other questions arise , why not find the light again ? Are all been plundered runs out ? If the lamp should be widespread , it will still be found even when the renaissance , what happens ? Of whether the object is created ? Is there an invisible secret of the lights ?
We know there are some descriptions above will this thing , which is derived from the Asbestos axis (Age of majority believe it is ) , Oil unclear origin possibility alchemy products or use olive oil or regular oil like a normal lamp . Most lights waterproof and wind , most die if the air meet . Some were there in a sealed glass tube .

Several explanations are possible  ;

- Eternal Light only see mistakes witnesses who saw a flash of light rock gems ( Eyewitness glimpse ) . But this can not explain the fire Maximus Olybius also some other lights such as lamps Du Praz visible as light , too light in Edessa / Antioch and other lights that look straight and not at a glance .
- Lights are seen lasting phosphorescence events , as explained above , phosphorescence can not explain some cases . Plus phosphorescence properties are rare , and also people that age are not familiar with phosphorus .
- There is a hole for air supply and fuel supply lines , this is evidence that the most likely in my opinion , because the hole is easily made ​​hidden in the tomb , can be made at angles that are rarely seen , makes an impression when hollow closed space . But this denies the lights off when in contact with air . For the supply line , some experts like Kircher and others support this theory , because the channel can be hidden from the sight of witnesses . But denying Du Praz light and portable Olybius Maximus .
From any source, the opposite type of light will complicate and create skepticism. Because if these two types actually exist , it means that the material used is different . Or if all the same type of light , there is a source of hoax stories . Either of different materials or sources of error . But all of these stories have been accepted and included in the various books and sources even in the paper . The existence of these lamps have largely accepted and almost free from skepticism , even if the contents of the lamp itself dubious .

( Pittsburg newspaper , the Post -Gazette , Wednesday, February 11, 1903 )

For the recipe , is not known to be true because there has been no reports of people who managed to make it . Maybe you could try it .
Unfortunately , all the lights were destroyed , because it is considered as the result of artificial demon . So it can not be researched ingredients as the original object was not there . Until now the mystery is still debated and not yet found a bright spot . So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/everburning-lamp-mystery.html
DatePublished : April 10, 2014 at 13.52

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Tag : Everburning Lamp Mystery.

Casanova Love Story.

Every time the name Casanova called it matters discussed certainly not far from sex , women and playboy .
That makes life a man who had died three centuries ago is so remembered.
Many sources are noted he deals with many women even though their validity is doubtful because there are historians who argue up to 200 women ever close to him .

Who CASANOVA ?

The man named Giacomo Girolamo Casanova native was born in Venice , Italy on April 2, 1725, and died on June 4, 1798 the eldest of six children , his mother named Zanetta Farusi a theater performer , and his father named Gaetano Giuseppe Casanova died at the age of 8 years .

Physical Appearance .

If viewed from a painting made ​​of him it can be concluded
Casanova is a handsome , charismatic and has a high posture and athletic .

CASANOVA profession .

This man's job manifold ( odd )
It could be said Casanova less fortunate at that time because it was not born among the nobility , despite that Casanova is a graduate of law from the University of Padua , Italy .
He once worked as ;
- Officers admin
- Army ( although brief )
- Candidate clergy ( priests )
- Businessman
- Gamblers
- Paranormal
- Prisoners
- Agent espionage
- Musician ( especially violin )
- Author
- Librarian ( last profession before he died )

CASANOVA heritage .

Casanova is famous for its unyielding before it can bring a woman into his arms . This is understandable , because of the unyielding , the woman saw that Casanova was really serious with him , and make him think that he assumes she is special to so seriously want .
In the dictionary Casanova , he always treated women with specials , always giving love and attention to the total . According to him , give " true love " , then she will be on your feet knees .
He has summarized his adventures in autobiography , entitled Histoire De Ma Vie ( Story of my life ) .

At the age of 11 Years Experience .

Overview story of his childhood , little Casanova was treated by his grandmother because his mother is a famous theater less often around Europe .
Conceivably Casanova bleak childhood without enough affection of the nuclear family , Casanova is also not too close to his mother .
Short stories Casanova living in the house of a clergyman named Abe Gozzi cum scientist who taught academic science and playing the violin .
The stay at home scientist brother also named Bettina scientist who doubles as the waiter aged less than 17 years .
In his book , Casanova wrote that he had a special relationship and Bettina , Bettina he described as a beautiful young woman , soft-hearted and fond of romantic stories .
Casanova wrote at the age of 11 years Bettina fondle herself first .
And sometimes peek Bettina Casanova who was in the shower , and Bettina was aware of , but not angry and let it go .
This experience made ​​an impression in the minds of Casanova small to carry over into adulthood .

True adventurers .

One of the reasons why his name is very well known at that time was because he often traveled around from one city to another in Europe looking for a woman or business relationships among the above . All major cities in Europe never explored
Life is very interesting man even he had escaped from prison at the age of 30 years who is very famous in his escape from prison Venezia .
He also was involved in a fight a duel armed love of a woman .

Sex , Women and Fun .

During his life Casanova was fortunate enough to be accepted and hung out at the top ( nobility ) Europe , spent his life chasing women and gambling or parties gathered at the noble glamor of that era .

Remains of Single .

Although loved and liked by many women but the figures until the end of this idealistic remain unmarried though it does not count anymore how many times he did couples relationship
This is consistent with the philosophy of life that marriage is a graveyard for true love .

CASANOVA Thought philosophy .

Some of the words and thoughts of the famous Casanova ;
1 . Regarding God .
" ... God , great principle of all minor principles , God , who is Himself without a principle, and could not conceive Himself , if , in order to do it , He required to know His own principle ... "
2 . Regarding women .
" I do not conquer , I submit "
3 . Regarding Marriage .
" .... Marriage is the tomb of love .... "
4 . Regarding confidence .
"Be the flame , not the moth . "
5 . Regarding Life .
" I am writing My Life to laugh at myself , and I am succeeding . "
"If you have not done Things worthy of being written about , at least write Things worthy of being read . "
( If you have never done something meaningful to write about your life , at least write something meant to be read )
6 . Regarding sex and love .
" Real love is the love that sometimes arises after sensual pleasure : if it does , it is immortal ; the other kind inevitably goes stale , for it lies in mere fantasy . "
Discussing women around Casanova is a challenge because the love story is very complicated and sometimes Casanova winding is also full of political intrigue .
But of the hundreds of women he dated there are some special and made reference to historians in studying the life of Casanova .
Casanova graduated from the University of Padua in 1742 when aged 17/18 years
with a degree in law .
With academic degree in hand and also support the physical charisma quickly Casanova can hang with the top Venezia .
One of them is Senator Alvise Gasparo Malipiero 70 years old
Who teaches the nobility in governance norms socialite life in Venice .
Casanova living in the senator's home .
It turned out that the Senator has a dream woman named Teresa Imer .
Madame Teresa attracted to Casanova and Casanova also welcomed the surge of romance , and they were in a relationship , and eventually caught by the senator .
Casanova was expelled from the senators , at the time this runaway youth passion and he increasingly became associated with two women at once brothers named Nanetta and Mary Savorgnan .
Of course at this age all the connections made with the opposite sex Casanova has involved actual sexual activity . And stories like this will continue in his life despite repeated with different women .
Due to Casanova 's life story has been mixed with the legend
not all romance Casanova well documented .
However, there are some widely recognized by historians , namely ;
- Some noble women in Italy and France
- Actress
- Dancer
- Royal service
- Two nuns
- The sister of a clergyman
- Five siblings including her mother's maiden
- A rich woman in the UK
- And others.

Historical Facts of Life CASANOVA .

Based Histoire de ma vie , it was revealed that Casanova sex adventure started when he was 11 years old . At that time , he lived in the house of a clergyman who taught him various disciplines . With his pastor, Casanova first sexual intercourse, which then makes sex addiction.
Allegedly , Casanova suffered sex addiction is a derivative of her mother . Mother Casanova is an actress in a theater in Venice is hiperseks woman who gave birth to a child a few times instead of the result of the marriage .
Based on the book also reveals that she was romantically 132 This is in the range of 32 years, or roughly four year romance scandal. So, thank you for reading this article.
Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
http://schema.org/Personal.
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
name : Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/casanova-love-story.html
DatePublished : April 10, 2014 at 11.26

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Tag : Casanova Love Story.

Facts About Covert Ir. Sukarno.

1. On August 17, 1945 at 08.00, it turns Bung Karno was fast asleep in his room, on East 56th Street Pegangsaan, Cikini. He experienced the symptoms of tertian malaria.

2. Indonesian Independence Day Ceremony turns take place without the protocol, no corps music , no conductor and no variety of senses . Flagpole is made from bamboo stems are rough, and grown just a few minutes before the ceremony . But then, the reality that is happening in a sacred ceremony which awaited for over three hundred years !

3. Heritage Flag of the Red and White is the first official flag of the Republic of Indonesia. White color of the fabric and bed linen red color of the fabric artisan soup!

4. After 43 years of independence, Indonesia has a new first minister truly "indigenous Indonesian". Because first, all previous minister born before August 17, 1945. "The original Indonesia" who became the first minister is Ir Akbar Tanjung (born in Sibolga, North Sumatra, August 30, 1945), as the Minister of Youth and Sports in Development Cabinet V (1988-1993).

5. Borneo island once called the most unique in the world. On the island, there are three heads of state who ruled! President Suharto (4 ruled the province), Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (Sabah and Sarawak) and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Brunei).

6.  In 1956 at a hotel in Hollywood , Maryln Bung Karno monroe greeting instead of " Mr. President " or "Your Excellency " , but with " Prince Sukarno " ( some sources say the Maryln night her " one night stand " with Soekarno )

7. The original manuscript text of Proclamation of Indonesian Independence handwritten by Bung Karno and Bung Hatta dictated by, apparently never owned and stored by the Government! Curiously, the historical manuscripts actually saved well by journalist BM Diah. Diah found the draft proclamation it in a wastebasket in the house of Admiral Maeda, August 17, 1945 early morning, after copied and typed by Sajuti Melik.

On May 29, 1992, Diah handed the draft to President Soeharto, after saving for 46 years 9 months 19 days.

8. The first words out of the mouth of Bung Karno after coming out of exile is a problem on a coat! "Pieces nice your coat!" Said Bung Karno first on a double breast suits worn by former in-law, Anwar Tjokoroaminoto, who picked him up with a handful of Bung Hatta and nationalists.

9. The feeling in the world , only the founding fathers of Indonesia who never bathed in urine. When I got home from the Dalat ( Saigon ) , Vietnam , August 13, 1945 , along Soekarno Hatta , Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat and Dr. Suharto ( personal physician Bung Karno ) fighter bomber boarded a double motor .

On second thought , find a way out of an unbearable desire it . See little holes in the wall plane , that's where Bung Karno releasing his intent . Because the wind was so strong at all , air- sprayed urine and wet all passengers .

10. When August 17 became the date of birth of Indonesia, precisely that date becomes the date of death of the originator of the pillars of Indonesia. On that date, the creator of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya", WR Soepratman (d. 1937) and the originator of the science of Indonesian, Herman van der Tuuk Neubronner (d. 1894) died.

11. Jakarta, where Indonesian proclamation of independence and the city where the Bung Karno and Bung Hatta fighting, not enough reward to commemorate co-proclaimer of Indonesia. Until this moment, there is no "Jalan Soekarno-Hatta" in the capital city of Jakarta.

In fact, their names were never immortalized on a building object any public facility until 1985, when an airport was inaugurated by using their names.

12. Proclaimers title for Bung Karno and Bung Hatta, just the title given orally Indonesian people to him for 41 years! Therefore, the new 1986 permerintah give the title officially proclaimed to them.

13. Minister of Cabinet Affairs. Soepeno, Minister of Youth Development and the Hatta Cabinet, is the only minister who was shot dead Netherlands. A tip of the revolver, put in his mouth and blown viciously by a Dutch soldier. Bullet penetrated through his left temple, when he and his aides were bathing in a waterfall.

14. No country in the world that have the capital to three in a relatively short period of time. Between 1945 and 1948, Indonesia has 3 capital city, Jakarta (1945-1946), Yogyakarta (1946-1948), and Bukittinggi (1948-1949).

15. Puppet turned out to have bad luck symbol for the ruling regime in Indonesia. Imagine, in 1938-1939, the Dutch through De Javasche Bank issued banknotes puppet series and in 1942, the Dutch East Indies collapsed defeated Japan.

In 1943, the Japanese Occupation Government issued paper money and the Arjuna puppet series Gatotkoco and 1945, the Japanese were expelled from Indonesia by the Allies.

In 1964, President Sukarno issued a new banknote series puppet with broken Rp 1 and Rp 2.5 and 1965 to the beginning of his rule following the collapse G30S/PKI.

16. The first command of President Sukarno when selected as the first president of Indonesia, not forming a cabinet or signed a decree, but rather call an satay! That was done on the way home, after being elected by acclamation as president. Incidentally on the road to meet an artisan satay shirtless and nyeker (barefoot).

"Satay chicken skewers fifty!", The command of President Sukarno. Satay was eaten with gusto by a dirty gutter. And that, the first command to the people once the first party on his appointment as the leader of 70 million more people than a large country that is one day old.

17. Sutan Sjahrir, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia first, to be an Indonesian who has achievements "remarkable" and there will never be that match. The time he died in 1966 in Zurich, Switzerland, its status as a political prisoner. But when buried in Jakarta a few days later, changed its status as a National Hero of Indonesia

The Story of Former President Ir.Soekarno. 

1. The first command as President Sukarno. 

Sukarno figure has a unique story that invites a thousand smiles. I wonder what the first order of President Sukarno when he became President?
The day after the independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) convened. They set as the first President Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta as vice president of Indonesia.
No fierce debate in the assembly on the van Indie Road Building in Jalan Pejambon it. Quite simply, PPKI chose Sukarno as president. In stark contrast to the House plenary session in full fanfare, protest and head-to-quarrel.
The story is told Sukarno in his biography written by Cindy Adams "Sukarno, Indonesia's mouthpiece People's Bung Karno Foundation published in 2007.
"Well we've been stateless since yesterday. And a state requires a President. What if we chose Sukarno? "
Sukarno replied, "All right."
It's that simple. Then be the first President Sukarno of Indonesia. His name is a new country for the rest of the day, there is no car that brought Sukarno presidency. Sukarno then went home on foot.
"In the street I met with satay handyman who trade on the sidewalk. His Excellency President of the Republic of Indonesia call it barefoot merchants and issuing the first command execution. Chicken satay skewers 50! "Said Sukarno.
That was the first president of the RI command. "The chicken satay skewers 50!"
Soekarno then squatting on the edge of gutter near a dumpster. Crouched, His Excellency the President of the Republic of Indonesia was spending 50 chicken satay skewers with gusto. That's inaugural celebration party as President.
When Sukarno returned home, he expressed himself was elected as president on Fatmawati, his wife. Fatmawati not jumping for joy. Fatmawati will tell his father before he died.
"On the night before the father died, leaving only two of us who have not been sleeping. I squeeze it to relieve the pain, when suddenly he said 'I see psychotherapy as a sign that soon ... in the near future ... my son will live in a big palace and white'. So this does not surprise me. Three months ago, Dad had predicted, "said Fatmawati quiet.
Sukarno was meant to be a big man in every story.

2. Sukarno love the culture of the nation. 

Since childhood, Soekarno very fond of puppet stories. He memorized many wayang stories since childhood. While still in school in Surabaya, Sukarno was willing to stay up if there are all-night wayang. He also likes to draw puppet on her slate.
Currently detained in any prison Banceuy wayanglah stories that give strength to Sukarno. Inspired by Gatot Kaca, Sukarno confident the truth will prevail, despite having lost many times before. He believes someday the Dutch colonizers will be defeated by the struggle of the Indonesian people.
"Puppet show in the cell is not only fun and cheer. He also soothing feeling and gives strength to me. Black shadows in my head evaporate like fog and I could sleep soundly with an affirmation of faith. That good will prevail over evil, "said Soekarno in his biography written by Cindy Adams" Soekarno, Indonesia's mouthpiece People's Bung Karno Foundation published in 2007.
Soekarno not only love of Javanese culture. He also admired the dances from around the country. Sukarno also so amazed by the welcome dance performed by the people of Papua.
Because the love of the arts and culture Sukarno, the State Palace is filled with a variety of paintings, sculptures and other art objects. Each went to the area, Sukarno always looking for something unique from the area.
He appreciates all artists, to gamelan. Sukarno would take the time to talk about art and culture every morning, in addition to talking politics.
Moments after the exiled restive G-30S/PKI, Sukarno kill time by listening to music keroncong once popular in the 1930s and then disappeared. For his hard work and some artists keroncong, Sukarno managed to save some work keroncong.

3. When Bung Karno Dutch forced carry bikes. 

There's just a funny story that comes from the Bung Karno, proclaimer who was born on June 6, 1901 and died on June 21, 1970. A funny story told by his wife Fatmawati. Fatmawati be the First Lady of Indonesia from 1945 to 1967 and is the 3rd wife of Sukarno. Fatmawati also known for his work in the heirloom sewing flag flag was also flown at the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ceremony in Jakarta on August 17, 1945.
Fatmawati admit sometimes there are times innate cuteness than Sukarno. When Bung Karno already funny, so he made laugh. According Fatmawati, Soekarno was told that he was happy to joke. Glad to hear and tell funny. Bung Karno and cuteness cuteness is not a clown, but the attitude eccentric thinker.
According Fatmawati, when police followed Bung Karno Netherlands, the Dutch police was forced to carry his bike. Bung Karno know that he always followed by Dutch soldiers. Few Bung Karno unlawful, Netherlands quickly sent him to the jail. Precisely because they know the police will not remove any view of the Dutch followed suit, making him often playing the Dutch police.
At that time, Bung Karno was cycling, a police officer followed him. Bung Karno deliberately not speed up the pace of his bike. He ramped up with chill. The Dutch police also casually followed from a distance. Suddenly it occurred to make the police it was a hassle. On the edge of the rice fields, Bung Karno stop and leave his bike there. Then Bung Karno walk climbing the embankment, toward a settlement that is a bit far away, where a friend lived. Bung Karno know, the bike will not be picked up.
"Bung Karno know, the police did not dare let him out of her sight. He shall stalking Sukarno continued, "the story quoted from the book Fatmawati Future Young Bung Karno 'Publisher: Inter-City Library Foundation, Jakarta, 1978.
But the difficulty now is the bike should not be abandoned as a bicycle Bung Karno. Dutch police banned the discipline to leave his bike in the street. Eventually the police were forced to carry the bike while climbing the embankment shuffle. Occasional police entered kejeblos mud fields with a fairly heavy load. He did not dare let Bung Karno roam freely outside its control.
While Bung Karno had thought it was bad just naughty pursue a long embankment towards the township. He was with merry way, while behind the police followed grimly.
Those are some pieces that are sometimes amusing actions Sukarno, according Fatmawati often made him laugh to hear it.

4. Bung Karno and Mrs. Fatmawati, remember never married. 

In modern times, there is a tradition of the anniversary of marriage. If 25 years of marriage called mating silver, while 50-year marriage called mating gold. However, according to Ms. Fatmawati recognition, and Bung Karno he never celebrate marriage anniversary
Instead of mating mating gold or silver, wedding anniversary 1st, 2nd or 3rd course never. The reason is not because they never remember when getting married. This may be because during the marriage, was clad war era. At that time World War II was raging and new Japanese came to colonize Indonesia.
"We never celebrated mate silver or gold mating. Therefore we consider it trivial matter, while we are always faced with enormous problems great and terrible, "recalls Mrs. Fatmawati in the book Young Bung Karno Future, published by Inter-City Library, 1978.
Bung Karno and married life is filled with turmoil Fatmawati struggle. Two years after they married, Indonesia achieved independence. But this is not finished, just when the physical struggle reached its peak. Bung Karno was certainly involved in every important moments of national struggle.
The couple gave birth to their first son, namely Guntur Soekarnoputra. Guntur Sukarno was born at the time 42 years old. Next born Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati, and thunder. Bung Karno children known to have a high artistic talent. It was not surprising considering the Bung Karno is an admirer of the works of art figure, while the mother Fatmawati very good at dancing.

5. When Soekarno Hatta peed. 

Dated August 8, 1945, the supreme leader of the Japanese forces in Southeast Asia, General Terauchi Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta call to Vietnam. Terauchi did not explain what he meant. This makes Soekarno and Hatta to wonder.
So they departed, accompanied by 20 high-ranking officials of the Japanese military. The plane carrying the crowded Soekarno. But nobody wants to talk about the reason for the call.
Turns Soekarno-Hatta meeting with Terauchi in Dalath is very important in Indonesian history. Japan claims will not hinder the independence of Indonesia. Japan realized they had defeated the allied forces. Conditions war completely changed. Japan has been defeated soundly in World War II in the Pacific.
The story is told Sukarno in his biography written by Cindy Adams "Sukarno, Indonesia's mouthpiece People's Bung Karno Foundation published in 2007.
So by bringing the good news and then returned to Indonesia Sukarno and Hatta. This time they are not a good passenger plane as he was before. They are already on a plane bomber wreckage. Many shot holes in the fuselage.
The plane also does not have a place to sit. The passengers sit on the floor or lying down. There is also no heating, so that the passengers shivering. Worse, there is also a small room.
Well, that was the problem, when the Sukarno wanted to pee. He whispered to Suharto, his personal physician.
"I want to piss. What should I do? "Whispered Sukarno.
Suharto also confused, no restroom. Then he pointed tail shot full of holes. "There is no place, so there is no other way. Dude had to pee in there, "said Suharto.
"All right. I walked slowly to the back of the plane and wreak hajatku. And I started a new, harsh winds slammed through the bullet holes and the water spout air throughout the room. My friends were poor water bath with a special, "beber Sukarno.
When landing in Jakarta, the nation's leaders were still wet with urine half the great leader of the revolution. Not explained how the Hatta and others when exposed to urine Sukarno.

6. Sukarno deceive Netherlands with eggs and the Qu'ran. 

Bung Karno founded the Algemene Study Club in Bandung. This organization became the forerunner of the Indonesian National Party which was founded in 1927. Sukarno's PNI activity in this will keep him in jail and then transferred to Banceuy Sukamiskin in 1930.
When incarcerated, Sukarno to rely on his wife. Whole life needs supplied by Inggit assisted by Sukarno's brother, Sukarmini or better known as Mrs. Ward.
When transferred to a prison Sukamiskin supervision of Sukarno increasingly hard and tight. He is classified as a dangerous prisoner. Even to isolate Sukarno in order not to receive information from the outside, he combined with the prisoners 'elite'. The prisoner group composed mostly of Dutch people involved in corruption, fraud, or embezzlement. Of course, chat with them does not connect with the young Sukarno who were eager to discuss the struggle for independence. At the most discussed is about food, the weather, and things that are not important.
The first few months of a prisoner in Sukamiskin Bung Karno communication with his compatriots breaking point at all. But actually, there are a variety of ways and made sense Sukarno to keep outside information.
It happened when the prison authorities allow Sukarno taken delivery of food and eggs from the outside. Eggs are a Inggit merchandise is always strictly checked by guards before received the Bung Karno.
As told by Mrs. Ward is quoted in the book 'Future Young Bung Karno' Intercity Library published in 1978, the egg becomes a communication tool to inform the state outside of the prison. How, when Inggit send salted egg, it means bad news out there that befall fellow Bung Karno. But he could only guess the only bad news, because Inggit can not explain in detail.
Over time, Sukarno and Inggit then find more sophisticated ways to trick the Netherlands. The medium is still the same, eggs. However, the eggs had been stabbed with a fine needle and a more detailed message about the bad news that can be understood Bung Karno. One puncture in egg means all good news, two puncture means a friend were arrested, and three puncture means there is a massive ambush against the independence movement activists.
There is another more complicated way using the medium of religious books to the Koran. Inggit who receive rations visited twice a week allowed to carry religious books and the Koran. For example, Bung Karno sent the Koran on 24 April. Then Bung Karno should open the fourth letter of the Koran on page 24. Under certain letters on the page there are small holes such as Braille. For example, under the letter B there is a puncture, then at the bottom of the letter U, and so on, to form a series of words and phrases that contains news of his compatriots who were outside the prison.
One more model of communication used Bung Karno. This method chosen Mrs. Ward, who always accompany Inggit Sukamiskin visited him in jail. He uses body language such as pulling ears, fingers crossed, wink, moving one hand to move the face. All of the code was already understood its meaning by Bung Karno.
During serving a sentence from December 1929 until released on December 31, 1931 , Sukarno was never visited by his parents who were Blitar . According to Mrs. Ward , their parents and Sosrodihardjo Soekemi Raden Ayu Nyoman Rai Ida could not see that they are proud of the children are in prison and the lowly place in a helpless position .
Moreover, while in Sukamiskin, according to Mrs. Ward, Sukarno conditions so skinny and black. But Bung Karno reasoned, he accidentally makes his skin turned black by working and moving in the hot sun to heat the bones. Because in the cell there is no sunlight, moist, dark, and cold.

7. Soekarno about Cuban cigars, Che and Castro. 

Che Guevara's first visit to Indonesia in 1959. El Comandante is a lengthy discussion about the revolution in Indonesia. At that time, Che is also the official representative of the government of Cuba to discuss trade relations between the two countries. Sukarno match personal Che. Both are full of energy and informal style .
Che had traveled to Borobudur. He is impressed by Sukarno Sukarno then invited to replace a visit to Cuba.
Then in 1960, Sukarno, who pay a visit to Cuba. Cuban leader Fidel Castro immediately greeted at the Havana airport. Sukarno was greeted. Cubans stand along the road up posters that read 'Viva President Sukarno'.
Fidel Castro is also anti-American fit with Sukarno. History shows they never want to be dictated United States.
Sukarno presented Castro dagger , weapon native to Indonesia . They laughed as the two friends while exchanging headgear . Soekarno with cap exchange hat a la military commander that characterizes Castro . Che seemed happy wearing a skullcap Sukarno .
Unique, the presidential entourage had stopped only because the police officer who led the convoy wants to smoke a cigar.
The story is told aides Sukarno, Bambang Widjanarko in the book 'Eight Year Period Near the Bung Karno' Popular Library published by Scholastic.
It was in a convoy of three police Sukarno, who led the presidential motorcade paved the way. Suddenly police convoy leader to stop the bike and ordered the convoy to stop. Of course all participants wondered why the convoy stopped.
The police then took out a cigar, and went to the driver Sukarno. Apparently he wanted to borrow a match to light a cigar. Once lit, the police and give respect to Sukarno. He climbed his bike and led the convoy back to dashing. Cuban cigar while sucking of course.
"Bung Karno loose laugh seeing it. Apparently he was quite familiar Cuban revolution, "said Bambang.
The visit to Cuba is very impressive for Sukarno. Very different to a trip to Washington some time earlier. At that time Sukarno with President Eisenhower offended arrogant. Eisenhower considered underestimate the Soekarno come from third world countries.
She let Sukarno waiting at the White House almost half an hour. Soekarno anger exploded.
"Do you really mean to insult me. Right now I am going, "said Soekarno angrily.
U.S. officials also confusion. They were busy apologizing and asking Sukarno lived. Eisenhower was soon out to meet Sukarno.
At the next meeting, Eisenhower became more friendly. He realized Sukarno can not be underestimated.

8. Fuss Sukarno married a lot. 

The first President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, known to many wives. Had many wives and jealous certainly make Soekarno dizzy. Sometimes Sukarno was forced to play cat and mouse with his wife.
When Sukarno married to Hartini, Fatmawati angry and out of the palace. Sukarno's second wife chose to stay in New Kebayoran. Hartini finally do not live in a palace, but at the Bogor Palace pavilion. Then after marriage with Dewi Sukarno, the Japanese woman was placed in a guesthouse Yasoo, Jl Gatot Subroto. While other wives, Haryati 'placed' in the area Slipi, West Jakarta.
Lots of funny stories about polygamy Sukarno. For example about the letter. Due to busy, Sukarno did not have time to write a letter to his wife respectively. Then he asked for a palace scribe typing love letters to his wife.
But how shocked Sukarno when he found the love letters typed on official letterhead presidency. Complete with an eagle logo and the presidential seal. Not only that, the sender is not written as 'mas' or 'Sukarno' but His Excellency the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir Soekarno.
As a result of this many wives became the aide has an additional task. Sukarno aide, Bambang Widjanarko tell all these hassles.
The wife is always suspicious of Sukarno Sukarno go to where the after hours service was over. Is another meet his wife? home to the A, the B or the C? Sukarno's aides had to lie in order to save their boss.
"We have to help aides and secure any problems arise. If you need to lie, if the mother is asked whether Bung Karno meet with other mothers, "said Bambang Widjanarko in the book 'Eight Year Period Near the Bung Karno' Popular Library published by Scholastic.
If Sukarno asked "Am I neat?" Then 'neat' that means clean of lipstick, perfume and one of his wives. Aides also must be extra careful checking. If there is no trace of perfume, for example, the Soekarno will go home to the State Palace to shower and change clothes.
Once upon a time, Haryati, Sukarno heard his wife was seeing another. He was angry and wanted to catch up to the event. Sukarno, who received the report, ordered what and no matter what, should not be left Slipi Haryati.
Then 'sabotage operations' was held. Originally Haryati driver pretended his car broke down. Haryati the wrath requested that sent a car from the Palace. But the long hours that the car did not come. When the driver had managed to start the car the last strike, a truck suddenly broke down in front of his house. Haryati car could not get out of the garage. The successful sabotage missions.
Repot did have many wives are jealous.

9. Bung Karno was not like a sexy woman. 

President Sukarno during his lifetime is known to have charm, easily conquering beautiful women he wants. History records Bung Karno married nine times. But many do not know what women like Dawn's beloved Son.
For business turns criteria Bung Karno male figure is not adventurous. Attention will be easily sucked Bung Karno if you see a simple woman who dress modestly. Then, looking at how the Bung Karno woman look sexy?
Never in one occasion while walking together with Fatmawati, Bung Karno told the assessment of the woman. At that time the Bung Karno really falling in love with Fatmawati.
"One evening when we were walking through both, Fatmawati ask me about the type of women I like," said Soekarno in the book 'Young Bung Karno Future' published by Inter-City Library.
Shortly Bung Karno Fatmawati looking figure who was dressed modestly and decently. Bung Karno feeling really volatile, she was a little surprised at the question.
" I looked at the girl 's village dressed red shirt and hooded yellow brackets in the sheath - it politely . I told him , I love women with authenticity , not a modern woman is wearing a short skirt , tight shirt and lipstick lips dazzling , "Soekarno .
"I prefer the old-fashioned woman who faithfully keep her husband and borne fetch his shoes. I do not like American women of the new generation, which I heard told him to wash the dishes, "he added.
Maybe then Fatmawati Soekarno so fascinated to hear a straightforward answer. Until eventually mate them together. Sukarno married to Fatmawati in 1943, and blessed with 5 children namely Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati, and thunder.
"I like women who are happy with the kids a lot. I really love the kids, "he said.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunrnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
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name : Bambang Sunarno.
http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/facts-about-covert-ir-sukarno.html
DatePublished : April 09, 2014 at 20.52

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Tag : Facts About Covert Ir. Sukarno.

Mysterious building.

There are so many places around the world that there are a number of monuments whose existence is still a mystery until now , because scientists have not managed to expose thoroughly the background of the historic objects . Only 12 are considered to be the most enigmatic monument in the world . Everything is very well known in the world but no one knows the exact background of the building stood . Most of these monuments are not intact anymore , which leaves only the mysterious stories unconfirmed .
No one knows exactly why Stonehenge was built , how the building was sinking deep in the sea , who ordered and made ​​a giant carved granite that contains the instructions for rebuilding society on a remote hill in Georgia . It's all still thick mist-shrouded , may someday be revealed , or perhaps fog was never revealed at all .

The ruins of the most mysterious monuments throughout history is ;

Monumental Instructions for the Post - Apocalypse ( Monumental Instructions for Message - Revelation )

In a small hill in the arid northeastern Georgia stands the monument of the most bizarre and mysterious in the world . But look at the architecture of the building , the monument was not invented in ancient times .
Known as the 'Georgia Guidestones', this stone structure of five 16 feet high, weighing 20-tons. No posts on granite slabs in eight different languages ​​- among them Egyptian hieroglyphic languages ​​, Hindi and Swahili - with instructions for survivors to rebuild a new civilization on earth . Are the instructions in eight languages ​​associated with doomsday predictions ? It is still not clear . This command is also not clear to whom addressed . More is not clear yet, who built this strange monument .

Lake Michigan Stonehenge

Initially , a group of researchers using sonar to look for shipwrecks at the bottom of Lake Michigan , the results are quite surprising . Instead, they find an ancient Stonehenge structure 40 feet below the water surface . Most of the stones in a circle and one appears to show carvings of a mastodon .
The antiquities allegedly built 10,000 years ago , coinciding with the possibility of post - Ice Age presence of humans and mastodons in there . Michigan already has petroglyph sites and standing stones .

Ruins beneath the sea in Japan .

On the southern coast of Yonaguni , Japan , there are submerged ruins , thought to have been around 8,000 years old . Although some people believe that it is a creation of nature , but it now appears the voices who call it man-made . This is evident from a complex arrangement of stairs , carvings there are believed to be man-made .
This site was discovered in 1995 by a diver who strayed too far from the coast of Okinawa . Incidentally he also brought cameras to take pictures underwater .

The wonders beneath the sea surface Alexandria , Egypt .

These ruins are believed to be the city of Alexander the Great , where Cleopatra's palace is located . The sinking of the city was estimated to occur 1,500 years ago as a result of the devastating earthquake .
Along with the setting of the palace, also drowned artifacts that adorn the palace, and other buildings of Cleopatra 's palace . City ruins discovered in the seabed , was deliberately not appointed to the mainland . The local government plans to make it a magical underwater locations as water attractions .

Mystery Stones Baalbek in Lebanon .

The largest Roman temples ever built and now only ruins , in fact , not in Greece or Rome , but rather in Baalbek , Lebanon . The temple was destroyed by the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius , lucky not all parts destroyed . There are still 6 of 54 columns , which still stands today . Six columns here to witness history and left a trail of mysteries that await revealed .
Although the remains of the grandeur of this temple still visible , but indeed, the temple was abandoned due to the war . For decades , travelers rarely visit this place due to the war . Fortunately , too, the war is not to destroy this historic temple .

Three Ancient Megalithic Stone Circles .

In southern Turkey , just north of the border with Syria , are three megalithic stone circles are thousands of years old , older than Stonehenge stone circle . Surprisingly , the ancient stone circles built by hunter-gatherers in those days . Previously , it was believed that early humans may not be able to make a building that , until they reach a certain level of progress .
When found , the stone circle in the buried state . Nobody knows what the reason or background why the object was buried . However, some believe that the Gobekli Tepe and the surrounding area is the beginning of human history that is the location of the Garden of Eden as told in the Bible .

Easter Island .

Easter Island , also known as Rapa Nui or Isla de Pascua , is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, most famous for its monumental statues which were created by the Rapanui people .
The statues , called moai , were part of the ancestral worship of the island are conducted by the local community at that time . The statues were allegedly made between 1250 and 1500 AD .
Moai heaviest weighs 86 tons . It illustrates how great their accomplishments are able to create Rapanui , also moving statues weighing up to tens of tons . Luckily, these ancient sculptures can still be seen in most of Raraku , but hundreds of other statues were moved to the nearby islands .

Stonehenge 

Perhaps the ancient monuments still in fairly good condition is Stonehenge , located in Wiltshire , England . This ancient building is built in 2500 AD , but later revised and renovation continuously for 1400 years . Despite all the theories and speculations put forward , but no one knows what the original purpose of the prehistoric monument and remains one of the greatest mysteries of the earth .

Machu Picchu .

Machu Picchu is the Inca relics city 's most well-preserved . This royal city hidden in the Andes of Peru , located in the high mountains with steep road but on a flat peak . A location , which is said to be the refuge of the Incas from the pursuit of Spain .
The city was hidden for centuries and isolated from the outside world until then an archaeologist , Hiram Bingham , discovered it in 1911. Based on the research , estimated the city of Machu Picchu was built in 1450 AD as the Inca ruler Pachacuti hideout .

Great Zimbabwe Ruins 

Few people know that Zimbabwe , Africa , has ancient stone ruins of the oldest in the world . Its location in the countryside . Allegedly , the ruins of an ancient stone building that was once inhabited by 18,000 souls. Once the size of the scars ruins, then called the Great Zimbabwe Ruins .
Based on research , the building was built in the 11th century , the unique building was built without using cement . No one knows for sure why the site was eventually abandoned. So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author :
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DatePublished : April 09, 2014 at 16.26

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Welcoming tourists.

Although not as advanced as Western Europe , both historical and cultural value of Eastern Europe is also rich parts of the world . Since apart from the Soviet Union , some countries such as Czech , Polish , and some other countries is widening opened their arms to welcome tourists from all over the world to visit there .
These are some of the tourist spots and pilgrimage in the region of Eastern Europe and Western Europe are always reaped the admiration of those who've been there:

Charles Bridge .

Prague , capital of Czech Republic , is touted as the most beautiful cities in Eastern Europe . Building diverse high art style Bohemia we can meet there . One building pride of the city of Prague is the Charles Bridge ( Charles Bridge ) which was designed by Peter Parler and was built in 1357 during the reign of King Charles IV .
Being above the Vltava river , with a length of 516 meters and a width of about 10 meters and is supported by three towers , the bridge connects the Old Town of Prague Castle . Along the bridge stands 75 pieces of sculpture and some lights that make it more spectacular bridge .
During the day , Charles Bridge enlivened by street musicians and painters and souvenir stalls . While at night , the bridge is always quiet so as to give the impression serene and romantic . The bridge opened to pedestrians only .

Monastery of Jasna Gora .

In Czestochowa , a small town in Poland , there is a monastery of Jasna Gora which is a place of pilgrimage leading Catholics . Is ranked 4th in the list of the world's most popular pilgrimage site , Jasna Gora famous painting " The Black Madonna " .
The painting " The Black Madonna " is believed to be painted by St. Luke , until now displayed in a Gothic chapel built in the 15th century located in the heart of Jasna Gora monastery complex . This painting made ​​on wood panel measuring 122.2 x 82.2 x 3.5 cm , depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the baby Jesus .
Every year , millions of pilgrims from all over the world visit the Jasna Gora monastery to pray and declare devotion to Mary .

Boly mill .

Milling is where Bernadette Soubirous Boly ( later became St. Bernadette ) was born . Bernadette 's father , Francois Soubirous was a miller who was successful in the future .
The building is located across the cave where Bernadette witnessed the apparitions of Our Lady . Although simple , this building attracts many tourists who visit Lourdes as historical value .

Cachot .

Initially , Cachot is a jail cell in Lourdes used until 1824. But in 1857 to 1858 is given to the Soubirous family free of charge to their residence .
In the time of Bernadette , the place is described as a dark room and very unhealthy . In the years 1995 - 1996 do renovations in the room that used to be used as a dining room , a kitchen , a bed , as well as a place of prayer by the occupants .
Until now Cachot cared for by the Sisters of Charity of Nevers and often visited by many pilgrims from various countries .

Mount Titlis .

Titlis mountain is a mountain in the Alpina in Switzerland . Located in the village of Engelberg , a village near the city of Lucerne , a mountain 3,029 meters high above sea level is famous for its eternal snow . Termperaturnya who were around minus 13 degrees Celsius make the Titlis mountain climate is very cold .
One very interesting object in the mountain Titlis is a glacier grotto . This place allows tourists to walk down the glaze through a tunnel made ​​of rock and ice . Shades of bluish light emanating from the ice in this place, if you notice carefully.
As the only snowy mountains in the summer , Mount Titlis is often visited by tourists who want to ski or snowboard sports . In addition , tourists can also enjoy the panoramic beauty of the forests and mountains that lie there .
To climb this mountain is not difficult . Simply use the gondola and cable car . The travel time to reach the top of the mountain is about forty minutes .
So , thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno .
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author :
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DatePublished : April 09, 2014 at 14.37

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Balkan.

Geography.

Balkans is the historic and geographic name used describe parts of southeastern Europe. This region has a combined area of ​​550,000 km ² and a population of approximately 53 million.
This area gets its name from the Balkan Mountains which crosses the center of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia.

Definitions and Border. 

Peninsula. 

Sometimes referred Balkan Balkan peninsula surrounded on the Adriatic, Ionian, Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea from the southwest, south and southeast.
Currently there is no model of the peninsula because it has no isthmus to connect it to the mainland of Europe, this definition is often used to denote a wider area.

Balkans. 

The introduction is clear from the Balkans to provide as much common history were broken and often harsh terrain of the mountain geography. The region was perennially on the edge of a large empire, its history dominated by wars, rebellions, invasions and clashes between empires, from the Roman Empire to the Yugoslav war in the last days.
Tendency to splinter into rival political entities led coined the term Balkanization (or balkanizing). The term Balkan commonly connotes a relationship with violence, religious strife, ethnic clannishness and understanding of the countryside.

South-Eastern Europe. 

European regions. 

Because connotations the term "Balkan", many people prefer Southeast Europe. In slow growing use of the term; European Union initiative of 1999 is called the Stability Pact for Southeast Europe, and the online newspaper Balkan Times renamed itself Southeast European Times in 2003.
The use of this term to mean the Balkan peninsula (and only that) technically ignores the geographical presence Romania and western Ukraine, which is also located in the southeastern part of the continent of Europe.

Ambiguity and Controversial. 

Northern border of the Balkan peninsula is generally considered to be the line that formed the Danube, Sava and Kupa Kupa and the segment that connects the Gulf of Kvarner.
There is also another definition of the northern border of the Balkans:
line Krka (river in Slovenia) - Vipava - the northern border the Gulf of Trieste
line Dniester - Timişoara - Zagreb - Triglav (mountains).
Sava line - Ljubljansko Polje - Idrijca river - the River Soca.

Balkan Peninsula (according to the definition of the Danube-Sava line-Kupa)
A common use of the northern border of the Danube-Sava-Kupa arbitrarily used on fisiografik characteristics, can be easily recognized on the map. Historically may be justified because the area called (along with Romania and negate Montenegro, Dalmatia, and the Ionian Islands) is the most European territories of the Ottoman Empire from the end of the century 15-19. Kupa form a natural border between Slovenia and Croatia southeast, Sava divides 2 Croatia and Serbia and the Danube, which is the second largest river in Europe (after the Volga), form a natural border between Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania. In the north it extends the Pannonian plains path and (in the case of Romania) Karpathia Mountains.
Although Romania (with the exception of Dobrudja) is not part of the geography of the Balkans, including conventionally as the 'successor states' ancient Ottoman Empire. Romanian culture contains many elements of Balkan and Romanian languages, including Balkan linguistic union.
According to the commonly used border, lies to the north of Slovenia are considered part of the Balkans and Central Europe. Historically and culturally, as well as more linked to Central Europe, although the Slovenian culture also incorporate elements of the culture of the Balkans.
However, as has been established, the northern border of the Balkan peninsula can also be drawn on the contrary, are however also at least a small part of Slovenia and parts of Italy (Province of Trieste) may also include the Balkans.
Slovenia is sometimes also considered as the Balkans because of its association with the former Yugoslavia. When the Balkan geopolitical area is described as the 20th century, including the whole of Yugoslavia (hence, Slovenia, Istria, Dalmatia Islands, Croatia and Vojvodina northern entrance as well).
The historical justification for Sava-Kupa northern border including the usual blocking Croatia (which is by the region and the largest part of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Republic of Venice during the Ottoman conquest). Other causes include previous history and culture also binds Croatia, like Slovenia, to Central Europe and the Mediterranean region more than they bound to the Balkans. However, a typical form of geography has been the nature of the grouping with the area of ​​Bosnia and Herzegovina is a part of, such as the recent history of Yugoslavia and so on.

Current General Definitions. 

In most accounts of the English language, the western world, the countries commonly included the Balkan region including:
Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Greece
Republic of Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro
Turkey, however, only the European part thereof including Istanbul (traditionally called Rumelia or Eastern Thrace)
Romania and Slovenia sometimes makes this list as well.
Many regions in this country are registered as the Balkan countries can be in many respects quite clear from the rest of the region, the country which places a limit line (often a far cry from the Balkan mountains themselves) are usually not referred to so-called Balkan countries. A prime example is Romania and Slovenia, sometimes also Croatia and Greece.

Related countries. 

Other countries do not include the Balkan region close to her and / or play or have meminkan important role in regional geopolitics, culture and history:
Cyprus
Hungary
Austria
Italy
Russia

Nature and natural resources. 

Most of this area is a mountain range stretching from the southwest to the northeast. The main line of the Dinaric Alps in Slovenia is, Croatia and Bosnia, Sar mountains spread from Albania to the Republic of Macedonia and the Pindus range, extending from southern Albania into central Greece. In Bulgaria there are ranges running from east to west: the Balkan mountains and the Rhodope mountains at the border with Greece. Musala is the highest mountain (2925 m) in the Rila Mountains in southwestern Bulgaria.
In the wet coastal climate is subtropical, Mediterranean and sea, in inland continental moderate. In the northern part of the peninsula and the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. In the southern part winters milder.
For centuries, wood has been cut down and replaced with bush. In the south and the coast there is evergreen vegetation. In the inland there are woods typical of Central Europe (oak, and in the mountains, fir). 3 lanes in the mountains with an altitude of 1800-2300 m unfolds.
Generally the land is barren, except on land where areas with natural grass, fertile soils and warm summers provide an opportunity for farming. Elsewhere, land cultivation mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, the summers are hot and barren soil, although other plants such as olives and grapes flowering.
Rare energy source. There are several coal deposits, especially in Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. Lignite deposits are more widespread. Petroleum is scarce, although there is a small deposit in Serbia, Albania and Croatia. Natural gas deposits are also rare. Hydropower stations are largely used in the energy.
Metal ore more usual than other raw materials. Iron ore is rare but in some countries there is a lot of copper, zinc, tin, chromium, manganese, and bauxite magnets. Some metals are exported.

Meaning of History and Geopolitics. 

Balkan region was the first area of ​​Europe to experience the arrival of farming cultures in the Neolithic period. The practice of planting grain and cattle raising came in the Balkans from the Fertile Crescent through Anatolia, and spread west and north into Pannonia and Central Europe.
In the pre-classical antiquity and classical, this area is where the Greeks, Illyrians, Paeonia, Thracians, and other ancient groups. Later the Roman Empire conquered the whole region and spread Roman culture and the Latin language but significant parts still remained under classical Greek influence. During the Middle Ages, the Balkans became the stage a series of wars between the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia, as countries were struggling to build control over this key area.
From the late 16th century, the Ottoman Caliphate into force supervisor in this area, although surrounded Anatolia. In the past 550 years, as many times fought the Ottoman Turks in Europe and around the Balkans, and the comparative Ottoman isolation from the mainstream economy continuation (representing a shift in the center of European trade and political heavier toward the Atlantic), the Balkans has been a part of Europe that less developed.
Balkan nations began to regain 'independence' in the 19th century, and between the Balkan League 1912-1913 reduces the extent of present day Turkey in the Balkan War. World War I erupted in 1914 by the assassination in Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina) of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
After World War II, the Soviet Union and communism played a very important role in the Balkans. During the Cold War, most countries in the Balkans were ruled by communist governments that supported the Soviet Union.
However, despite being under communist governments, Yugoslavia (1948) and Albania (1961) fell from the Soviet Union. Yugoslavia, led by marshal Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980), first propped up then rejected the idea of ​​merging with Bulgaria, and instead sought closer relations with the West, later even joining many third world countries in the Non-Aligned Movement. Albania on the other hand leaning on Communist China, then took a position of isolation.
Non-communist countries were Greece and Turkey, which were (and still are) part of NATO.
In the 1990s, the region was gravely affected by the armed conflict in the former Republic of Yugoslavia, leading to the intervention of NATO forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and the Republic of Macedonia. The status of Kosovo and ethnic Albanians in general remains unresolved.
Balkan countries control the direct land routes between Western Europe and Southwest Asia (Asia Minor and the Middle East). Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the United States.
Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slovenia and Cyprus since 2004. Bulgaria and Romania started to become a member in 2007. Croatia is also expected to become a member of the organization, because very little cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the manhunt for fugitive general Ante Gotovina, in March 2005 has been postponed acceptance. Turkey initially applied for in 1963 and 2004 and additional negotiations have not yet begun, although some indigenous consent has been signed. In 2004 Bulgaria, Romania and Slovenia are also members of NATO.
All other countries have expressed a desire to join the EU but at some time in the future.
Composition of Population by Nationality and Religion [edit | edit source]
Nationality basis of this region including Greece (10.8 million), Turkey (9.2 in European Turkey), Serbia (8.5 million), Bulgaria (7 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 million of them in Albania), Croatia (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Slavic Macedonian (1.4 million) and Montenegro (0.265 million). When Romania when Slovenia was included, then also the Romanians (26 million) and Slovenia (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have minority Roma (Gypsies) in large quantities or less. Minorities less stateless include Gagauz, Gorani, Karakachan, Arvania and Vlach.
The region's main religion is Christianity (Eastern Orthodox and Catholic) and Islam. A variety of different cultures every confidence practiced, with each of the Eastern Orthodox countries having its own national church.
Eastern Orthodox main religion in various countries following:
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Montenegro
Romania
Serbia
Greece
Catholicism is the main religion in the following countries:
Croatia
Slovenia
Islam is the main religion in the following countries:
Albania
Bosnia and Hergezovina
Kosovo
Turkey
People who live in the following countries have minority religious:
Albania: Eastern Orthodox, Catholic.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Eastern Orthodox, Catholic.
Kosovo: Catholic.
Macedonia: Islamic
Montenegro: Islam
Serbia: Islam, Protestant, Catholic

Jewel in the Balkan Peninsula. 

Bulgaria, a republic in southeastern Europe, is a country full of history and culture. The 16th largest country in the European empires had experienced during the two periods as well as the Ottoman Sultanate period.

Bordered by Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey, Bulgaria is famous for its mountains that surround it. One is the famous Rila mountains where there are peak Musala is the highest peak in the Balkans. Here are three popular tourist destinations in the country and pretty:

Arbanasi. 

Arbanasi, which in Albanian means working the soil, is a village full of historical value in Bulgaria. It is in the city of Veliko Tamovo, the ancient former capital of Bulgaria, and Goma Oryahovitsa, about 400 meters above sea level.

Like most historic sites, Arbanasi filled with many monuments and a number of church buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries. The architecture of the buildings there are very distinctive, namely walled with stone floors, sills, and the ceiling is made of wood. Looks solid and rigid on the outside but very comfortable inside. While the interior of churches decorated with wood carvings and murals. This is the main attraction Arbanasi.

Several historic buildings become landmarks Arbanasi are: 

 Church of the Nativity of Christ (about age 15-17)
 Church of Saint Michael and Gabriel the Guardian Angels (age 16-18)
 St. Athanasius Church (17th century)
 Church of Saint George (17th century)
 Church of Saint Demetrius (age 17-18)
 Monastery of Saint Nicholas (age 17-18)
 Used Arbanasi palace, formerly used as a holiday home Bulgarian president Todor

As the village is heavily influenced by Greek culture for centuries, Arbanasi population using Greek as their official language.

Rila Monastery. 

About 117 miles south of the Sofia, capital of Bulgaria, precisely in the river valley in the mountains Rila Rilska, stood the convent of Saint Ivan of Rila. The monastery was built in the 10th century Orthodox monastery East is the most popular and biggest in Bulgaria.

Ivan of Rila is the monk who initiated the establishment of the monastery during the reign of Tsar Peter. He himself was living in a cave and have a number of pupils who then together build Rila monastery. The authorities in Bulgaria and then provide support in the form of donations, especially the rulers during the reign of the second Bulgarian Empire until the Ottoman reign. Rila monastery became the spiritual and cultural center of Bulgaria and reached its peak in the 12th century to 14.

Several times suffered damage from an attack that occurred during the 14th century Ottoman rule, as well as fires that occurred in the 18th century, the Rila monastery was forced to undergo a series of renovations. Currently, in addition to the main church, in the Rila monastery complex there is also a dormitory, library, chapel and museum. Rila Monastery in 1983 officially listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO and in 2002 received a visit from Pope John Paul II.

National History Musem. 

National History Museum in Sofia is located is one of the largest and most comprehensive museum of history in the Balkan peninsula. Built in 1973 and opened in 1984, the museum holds at least 700,000 cultural monuments that depict the history of Bulgaria since 8000 years ago. However, only 10% of the collection is on display to the public.

The National History Museum is divided into several showrooms, namely: 

• Space Pre-History, which showcased ornaments, statues, tools of stone and bone, as well as pottery from the seventh millennium to millennium BC 2.
• Ancient Thracian space, which exhibits relics of the Thracian treasure like the treasure Panagursko, Rogozensko, Letnishko.
• Space Middle Ages - the First and Second Bulgarian Empire, which showcased jewelry, pottery, coins, relics, and other objects of the century Bulgarian imperial relics 7-11 and age 12-14.
• Bulgarian Land Space, which featured the story of the earth during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria Dominion.
• Empire Space Bulgari Third, the display objects belonging to the imperial family in the 18th century to the present.

While the collection of stone pillars and monuments of ancient Greece, the Roman and Byzantine museums can be enjoyed in the garden. For visitors who want to buy a souvenir or literature, the museum also provide it.
So, thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
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http://primadonablog.blogspot.com/2014/04/balkan.html
DatePublished : April 09, 2014 at 13.41
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Tag : Balkan.